Apache
簡述
本文主要講述在 vps 主機上部署 apache 服務器，首先需要購買 vps 主機，其次需要購買域名，再將域名解析到 vps 主機的 ip 地址上，以後就可以使用該域名訪問我們的服務器了。
軟件下載
進入 官網 ，點擊 Download – 2.4.29 (released 2017-10-23) – Source: httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz [ PGP ] [ MD5 ] [ SHA1 ] [ SHA256 ] ，下載後，文件名爲：httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz
軟件安裝
安裝必要的庫
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel zlib-deve pcre pcre-devel將文件拷貝到 Linux ，解壓縮
[root@host apache]# tar xf httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz
[root@host httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/apache
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.安裝 apr
到官網 下載 apr ，文件名爲：apr-1.6.3.tar.gz ，解壓縮
[root@host apache]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@host apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/apr
[root@host apr-1.6.3]# make
[root@host apr-1.6.3]# make install繼續編譯
configure: error: APR-util not found. Please read the documentation.安裝apr-util
到官網 下載 apr-util ，文件名爲：apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz ，解壓縮
[root@host apache]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@host apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/apr-util --with-apr=/opt/app/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@host apr-util-1.6.1]# make
xml/apr_xml.c:35:19: error: expat.h: No such file or directory
[root@host apr-util-1.6.1]# yum install expat-devel
[root@host apr-util-1.6.1]# make
[root@host apr-util-1.6.1]# make install繼續…
[root@host httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/apache --with-apr=/opt/app/apr/bin/apr-1-config --with-apr-util=/opt/app/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config --enable-so
[root@host httpd-2.4.29]# make
[root@host httpd-2.4.29]# make install測試
[root@host apache]# /opt/app/apache/bin/apachectl -k start
AH00557: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for host.localdomain
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message配置
打開 httpd.conf ，對比源文件，修改爲以下內容：
#LoadModule watchdog_module modules/mod_watchdog.so
#LoadModule xml2enc_module modules/mod_xml2enc.so
#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
</IfModule>
#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/home/sy/XGManager/home"
<Directory "/home/sy/XGManager/home">PHP
軟件下載
進入 官網 ，點擊 Downloads ，找到標題：php-7.2.0.tar.gz (sig) [17,849Kb] 下載的文件名：
php-7.2.0.tar.gz
編譯
安裝編譯環境
[root@host php-7.2.0]# yum groupinstall "Development tools"
[root@host php-7.2.0]# yum install libxml2-devel gd-devel libmcrypt-devel libcurl-devel openssl-devel配置
[root@host php-7.2.0]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/php/php-7.2.0 --with-apxs2=/opt/app/apache/bin/apxs --disable-cli --enable-shared --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --with-mysqli --enable-opcache --enable-zip --with-zlib-dir --with-pdo-mysql --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-curl --without-pdo-sqlite --without-sqlite3
[root@host php-7.2.0]# make
cc: Internal error: Killed (program cc1)
Please submit a full bug report.
See <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> for instructions.
make: *** [ext/fileinfo/libmagic/apprentice.lo] Error 1
原因是內存不足，需要使用交換分區，增加交換分區：
[root@host php-7.2.0]# sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=64M count=16
[root@host php-7.2.0]# sudo mkswap /swapfile
[root@host php-7.2.0]# sudo swapon /swapfile
[root@host php-7.2.0]# make install
編譯完成，刪除交換分區：
[root@host php-7.2.0]# sudo swapoff /swapfile
[root@host php-7.2.0]# sudo rm /swapfile拷貝配置文件：
[root@host php-7.2.0]# cp php.ini-development /opt/app/php/php-7.2.0/php.ini關聯 apache
打開 httpd.conf ，對比源文件，修改爲以下內容：
#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so
PHPIniDir "/opt/app/php/php-7.2.0/"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .html .htm配置 php
修改 php.ini 爲以下內容：
; Directory in which the loadable extensions (modules) reside.
; http://php.net/extension-dir
; extension_dir = "./"
; On windows:
; extension_dir = "ext"
extension_dir = "/opt/app/php/php-7.2.0/ext"
extension=curl
extension=gd2
extension=mbstring
extension=mysqli
extension=pdo_mysql
extension=xmlrpc
[Date]
; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions
; http://php.net/date.timezone
;date.timezone =
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
; where MODE is the octal representation of the mode. Note that this
; does not overwrite the process's umask.
; http://php.net/session.save-path
;session.save_path = "/tmp"
session.save_path = "/opt/app/php/PHPSessionTmp"
; Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files (will use system default if not
; specified).
; http://php.net/upload-tmp-dir
;upload_tmp_dir =
upload_tmp_dir = "/opt/app/php/PHPFileUploadTmp"重啓 Apache
[root@host apache]# /opt/app/apache/bin/apachectl -k restart測試
首先 ，在目錄/home/sy/XGManager/home 放置一個文件 index.php ，輸入內容：
<?php
phpinfo();
?>刷新網頁，如果能夠看到以下畫面，說明 Apache 已經關聯了 PHP 。
MySQL
軟件安裝
[root@host home]# yum install mysql
[root@host home]# yum install mysql-server
[root@host home]# yum install mysql-devel
[root@host home]# service mysqld restart
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h host.localdomain password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!
[ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@host home]# mysql -uroot -p
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
插入用戶：
mysql> insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) values('@','sy',password('********'));重啓 Mysql
[root@host home]# service mysqld restart登錄新用戶
[root@host home]# mysql -u sy -pPHPMyAdmin
軟件下載
進入官網 ，點擊 download ，下載的文件名爲：phpMyAdmin-4.7.5-all-languages.zip
軟件安裝
將解壓後的文件夾重命名爲 phpMyAdmin ，放到目錄：C:\Users\SY\Desktop\GIT\Software\PHP\Apache_Workspace\PHP\HOME ，在瀏覽器輸入：鏈接 即可訪問。
測試
修改 index.php 內容：
<?php
$connect=mysqli_connect("127.0.0.1","root","10929131");
if (!$connect)
echo "Mysql Connect Error!";
else
echo "MySQL OK!";
mysqli_close($connect);
?>看到打印：MySQL OK! ，說明連接數據庫成功！注意 PHP7 以後使用 mysqli 代替 mysql 。
搭建應用程序
apache 默認配置的用戶爲 daemon ，我們打開文件：/opt/app/apache/conf/httpd.conf
#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User daemon
Group daemon我們修改爲：sy ，重啓 apache ，
[root@host /]# /opt/app/apache/bin/apachectl -k restart
[root@host /]# ps -ef | grep apache
root 23485 1 0 03:03 ? 00:00:00 /opt/app/apache/bin/httpd -k start
sy 25653 23485 0 04:02 ? 00:00:00 /opt/app/apache/bin/httpd -k start
sy 25654 23485 0 04:02 ? 00:00:00 /opt/app/apache/bin/httpd -k start
sy 25655 23485 0 04:02 ? 00:00:00 /opt/app/apache/bin/httpd -k start
root 25746 20184 0 04:03 pts/0 00:00:00 grep apache可以看到我們的 uid 變爲了 sy 。
當我們向網站上傳文件時，彈出：unknow:file created in the system's temporatory in Unknown on line 0 警告。
查看網站目錄的所有者：
[root@host /]# ls -al /home/sy/XGManager/
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 30 08:35 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jan 1 09:17 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 169 Dec 30 08:35 .buildpath
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 30 08:35 .git
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Jan 2 03:54 home
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 697 Dec 30 08:35 .project
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 49 Dec 30 08:35 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 30 08:35 .settings可以看到所有者爲 root ，而我們創建的 apache worker 進程的所有者爲 sy ，權限不足，因此報錯。
需要修改爲以下內容：
[root@host app]# chown -R sy:sy /home/sy/XGManager/home/再次上傳，遇到問題：Unknown: file created in the system's temporary directory in Unknown on line 0
由於我們配置 [root@host /]# vim /opt/app/php/php-7.2.0/php.ini
Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files (will use system default if not
specified).
http://php.net/upload-tmp-dir
upload_tmp_dir =
upload_tmp_dir = "opt/app/php/PHPFileUploadTmp"文件上傳時，會臨時存儲到 upload_tmp_dir 指定的目錄，因此，該目錄的所有者也應該是 sy
[root@host app]# chown -R sy:sy /opt/app/php/PHPFileUploadTmp/再次測試，上傳成功！
遇到問題：
Warning: session_start(): open(/opt/app/php/PHPSessionTmp/sess_qt1lthvdd2buesvglt0piji5l5, O_RDWR) failed: Permission denied (13) in /home/sy/XGManager/home/utils/head.php on line 39修改用戶權限：
[root@host home]# chown sy:sy -R /opt/app/php/PHPSessionTmp/