1.概述
Docker是一個開源的應用容器引擎；是一個輕量級容器技術；
Docker支持將軟件編譯成一個鏡像；然後在鏡像中各種軟件做好配置，將鏡像發佈出去，其他使用者可以直接使用這個鏡像；
運行中的這個鏡像稱爲容器，容器啓動是非常快速的。
2.總體步驟
- 搜索鏡像
- 拉取鏡像
- 查看鏡像
- 啓動容器(端口映射)
- 停止容器
- 移除容器
3.安裝tomcat
3.1.搜索鏡像
docker hub上面查找tomcat鏡像
docker search tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 2482 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tomee Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE cert... 66 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba... 53 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/tomcat Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image 29 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/kubeguide/tomcat-app Tomcat image for Chapter 1 26
docker.io docker.io/consol/tomcat-7.0 Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin" 16 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/cloudesire/tomcat Tomcat server, 6/7/8 15 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/aallam/tomcat-mysql Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL 11 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tutum/tomcat Base docker image to run a Tomcat applicat... 11
docker.io docker.io/arm32v7/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 6
docker.io docker.io/rightctrl/tomcat CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application s... 5 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/maluuba/tomcat7-java8 Tomcat7 with java8. 3
docker.io docker.io/amd64/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 2
docker.io docker.io/arm64v8/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 2
docker.io docker.io/99taxis/tomcat7 Tomcat7 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/camptocamp/tomcat-logback Docker image for tomcat with logback integ... 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/i386/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 1
docker.io docker.io/ppc64le/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 1
docker.io docker.io/appsvc/tomcat 0
docker.io docker.io/cfje/tomcat-resource Tomcat Concourse Resource 0
docker.io docker.io/jelastic/tomcat An image of the Tomcat Java application se... 0
docker.io docker.io/oobsri/tomcat8 Testing CI Jobs with different names. 0
docker.io docker.io/picoded/tomcat7 tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAG... 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/s390x/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 0
docker.io docker.io/secoresearch/tomcat-varnish Tomcat and Varnish 5.0 0 [OK]
3.2.拉取鏡像
從docker hub上拉取tomcat鏡像到本地
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi docker.io/tomcat
Error response from daemon: No such image: docker.io/tomcat:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/tomcat ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/tomcat
a4d8138d0f6b: Pull complete
dbdc36973392: Pull complete
f59d6d019dd5: Pull complete
aaef3e026258: Pull complete
5e86b04a4500: Pull complete
1a6643a2873a: Pull complete
2ad1e30fc17c: Pull complete
16f4e6ee0ca6: Pull complete
928f4d662d23: Pull complete
b8d24294d525: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2785fac92d1bcd69d98f2461c6799390555a41fd50d3f847b544368d594c637b
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/tomcat:latest
3.3.查看鏡像
docker images查看是否有拉取到的tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# docker images tomcat
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/tomcat latest 238e6d7313e3 Less than a second ago 506 MB
docker.io/tomcat 7-jre7 47c156f4d4e3 5 weeks ago 359 MB
3.4.啓動鏡像
使用tomcat鏡像創建容器(也叫運行鏡像)
docker run -it -p 8080:8080 tomcat
-p 主機端口:docker容器端口
-P 隨機分配端口
i:交互
t:終端
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -p 8080:8080 docker.io/tomcat
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/openjdk-8
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.186 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.43
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.201 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Jul 4 2019 20:53:15 UTC
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.201 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number: 8.5.43.0
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.201 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.201 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.201 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.201 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/local/openjdk-8/jre
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 1.8.0_222-b10
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.203 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
18-Jun-2019 09:18:47.203 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
3.5.查看
4.安裝mysql
4.1.搜索鏡像
docker hub上面查找mysql鏡像
docker search mysql
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 8458 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M... 2914 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea... 626 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li... 60 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 59
docker.io docker.io/mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ... 49
docker.io docker.io/deitch/mysql-backup Automated and scheduled mysql database dum... 40 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database ... 32
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 29 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/schickling/mysql-backup-s3 Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back... 28 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux... 21
docker.io docker.io/prom/mysqld-exporter 20 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 15
docker.io docker.io/circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 13
docker.io docker.io/mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing ... 12
docker.io docker.io/arey/mysql-client Run a MySQL client from a docker container 10 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/imega/mysql-client Size: 36 MB, alpine:3.5, Mysql client: 10.... 6 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima... 6
docker.io docker.io/yloeffler/mysql-backup This image runs mysqldump to backup data u... 6 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/fradelg/mysql-cron-backup MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron t... 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/genschsa/mysql-employees MySQL Employee Sample Database 2 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/jelastic/mysql An image of the MySQL database server main... 1
docker.io docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/monasca/mysql-init A minimal decoupled init container for mysql 0
docker.io docker.io/widdpim/mysql-client Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Cu... 0 [OK]
4.2.拉取鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull docker.io/mysql
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
0a4690c5d889: Pull complete
98aa2fc6cbeb: Pull complete
0777e6eb0e6f: Pull complete
2464189c041c: Pull complete
b45df9dc827d: Pull complete
b42b00086160: Pull complete
bb93567627c7: Pull complete
bda91ab2ec35: Pull complete
50b4c0c50b33: Pull complete
70c2999bc788: Pull complete
3cf3e568e51b: Pull complete
c80d654aa77e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b1b2c176a45f4ff6875d0d7461fe1fdd8606deb015b38b69545f72de97714efd
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:latest
4.3.查看鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images mysql
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/mysql latest 2151acc12881 Less than a second ago 445 MB
docker.io/mysql <none> 7bb2586065cd 2 months ago 477 MB
4.4.啓動鏡像
使用mysql鏡像
docker exec -it MySQL運行成功後的容器ID /bin/bash
docker run -di --name mysql_0803 -p 33306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql
-p 代表端口映射，格式爲 宿主機映射端口:容器運行端口
-e 代表添加環境變量 MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD是root用戶的登陸密碼
4.5.進入MySQL容器,登陸MySQL
進入mysql容器
docker exec -it mysql_0803 /bin/bash
登陸mysql
mysql -u root -p
外部Win10也來連接運行在dokcer上的mysql服務
我們在我們本機的電腦上去連接虛擬機Centos中的Docker容器，這裏192.168.247.130是虛擬機操作系統的IP
關閉防火牆
firewall-cmd --state
service firewalld stop
firewall-cmd --state
4.6.Mysql連接權限
原因：mysql 8.0 默認使用 caching_sha2_password 身份驗證機制；客戶端不支持新的加密方式。
解決方案：
修改用戶（root）的加密方式
步驟1：進入mysql容器內部
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql01 bash ## mysql01是容器的別名，這裏也可以用容器的id代替
步驟2：登錄mysql
root@e285125c99d6:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.13 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
步驟3：設置用戶配置項
- 查看用戶信息
mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | plugin | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| % | root | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$HF7;krfwhkKHp5fPenQm4J2dm/RJtbbyjtCUVdDCcboXQw3ALxsif/sS1 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | mysql_native_password | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
備註：host爲 % 表示不限制ip localhost表示本機使用 plugin非mysql_native_password 則需要修改密碼
- 修改加密方式
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; ### 123456 mysql的登錄密碼
flush privileges;
然後再查看用戶信息
mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | plugin | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| % | root | mysql_native_password | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | mysql_native_password | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 測試：連接成功
![在這裏插入圖片描述]()
5.安裝redis
5.1.拉取Redis鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/redis ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/redis
f5d23c7fed46: Pull complete
831c20fd50cb: Pull complete
bc2a0f25caa5: Pull complete
745ac314a007: Pull complete
6deeca231441: Pull complete
6291e84f5373: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:854715f5cd1b64d2f62ec219a7b7baceae149453e4d29a8f72cecbb5ac51c4ad
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/redis:latest
5.2.創建Redis容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -di --name=my_redis -p 6388:6379 redis
f0980b9a56e90a5c3564591f9dfb1c7ecf1f9223d85c011d3aea41aeb14c9d27
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f0980b9a56e9 redis "docker-entrypoint..." 8 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:6388->6379/tcp my_redis
5.3.客戶端測試
在你的本地電腦命令提示符下，用window版本redis測試
6.安裝nginx
6.1.拉取Nginx鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
f5d23c7fed46: Already exists
918b255d86e5: Pull complete
8c0120a6f561: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:eb3320e2f9ca409b7c0aa71aea3cf7ce7d018f03a372564dbdb023646958770b
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/redis latest 857c4ab5f029 Less than a second ago 98.2 MB
docker.io/nginx latest e445ab08b2be Less than a second ago 126 MB
docker.io/mongo latest 9c02a5a12c52 Less than a second ago 413 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.6 7b01f1418bd7 Less than a second ago 256 MB
docker.io/mysql latest 2151acc12881 Less than a second ago 445 MB
docker.io/tomcat latest 238e6d7313e3 Less than a second ago 506 MB
brucrliu_tomcat latest caefcd845de4 3 hours ago 669 MB
myip1_centos latest 274c58d0c1e4 3 hours ago 314 MB
myip_centos latest 41868e4e4fee 3 hours ago 314 MB
mycentos 1.3 720d4eb5c5f0 5 hours ago 480 MB
bruceliu/centos9527 latest 071e944a589b 12 hours ago 202 MB
bruceliu/tomcat 7-jre7 a66f9aba334d 17 hours ago 359 MB
docker.io/tomcat 7-jre7 47c156f4d4e3 5 weeks ago 359 MB
docker.io/mysql <none> 7bb2586065cd 2 months ago 477 MB
docker.io/centos 7 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MB
6.2.創建Nginx容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -di --name=my_nginx_test -p 80:80 nginx /bin/bash
82edb98d02d40e3053e307bab26edd345aa04c5f9dc9e10d14de5ccb41831a70
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 8880:80 -d docker.io/nginx
b6a5fce26fb4eb4829aee8e27a673940e83ed6978f99076377e24cb728910643
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anp | grep 8880
tcp6 0 0 :::8880 :::* LISTEN 30443/docker-proxy-
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b6a5fce26fb4 docker.io/nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 26 seconds ago Up 25 seconds 0.0.0.0:8880->80/tcp clever_goldwasser
82edb98d02d4 nginx "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp my_nginx_test
6.3.測試Nginx
6.4.Nginx配置反向代理
官方的nginx鏡像,nginx配置文件nginx.conf 在/etc/nginx/目錄下。
在容器內編輯配置文件不方便，我們可以先將配置文件從容器內拷貝到宿主機，編輯修改後再拷貝回去。
- 從容器拷貝配置文件到宿主機
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp clever_goldwasser:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ll
總用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 17 19:42 111.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 17 19:42 1.txt
-rw-------. 1 root root 1257 2月 17 21:33 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 80 6月 18 14:35 myfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 643 7月 23 2019 nginx.conf
- 編輯nginx.conf，添加反向代理配置
upstream tomcat-cas {
server 172.17.0.7:8080;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name passport.easyshop.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat-cas;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
- 將修改後的配置文件拷貝到容器
docker cp nginx.conf clever_goldwasser:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
- 重新啓動容器
docker restart clever_goldwasser