同行評審過程描述（二）——評審步驟

 5. Inspection Procedure（評審步驟）

Participants 參與者	The roles and responsibilities shown below pertain to the inspection process. All participants are inspectors, in addition to any specialized role they might have. At least three participants, including the author, are required for an inspection. If only three people participate in an inspection, the moderator shall also serve as recorder or reader. The author may not serve as reader, moderator, or recorder.下面是評審過程中涉及的角色及責任。所有參與者除了自身擔任的特定角色外，也都是檢查者。一次評審需要至少三個參與者，包括創建者。如果只有三個人蔘與評審，那麼評審負責人還要兼作記錄人或閱讀人。創建者一般不作閱讀人，評審負責人或記錄人。
	Role角色	Responsibilities責任
	Author 創建者	· Creator or maintainer of the work product to be inspected. Initiates the inspection process by asking the peer review coordinator to assign a moderator. · 被評審的工作產品的創建者或維護者請求同行評審協調者分配一位評審負責人，從而發起評審過程。 · States his or objectives for the inspection. · 陳述評審目標· Delivers work product and its specification or predecessor document to moderator. · 提交工作產品及其規範或以往的文檔給評審負責人。 · Works with moderator to select inspectors and assign roles. · 與評審負責人一起選擇檢查者，並分配角色。 · Addresses items on the Issue Log and Typo Lists. · 對應問題日誌和微錯清單上的項目。 · Reports rework time and defect counts to moderator. · 向評審負責人報告返工時間和缺陷數。
	Moderator 評審負責人	· Uses Inspection Moderator’s Checklist as a work aid. · 使用評審負責人檢查表作爲工作輔助。 · Plans, schedules, and leads the inspection events. · 計劃，安排，組織評審活動。 · Works with author to select inspectors and assign roles. · 與創建者一起選擇檢查者，並分配角色。 · Assembles inspection package and delivers it to inspectors at least 3 days prior to the inspection meeting. · 提前評審會議至少三天，將評審項目打包併發送給檢查者。 · Determines whether preparation is sufficient to hold the meeting. If not, reschedules the meeting. · 確定會議準備是否充分。如果不充分，重新安排會議時間。 · Facilitates inspection meeting. Corrects any inappropriate behavior. Solicits input from inspectors as reader presents each section of the work product. Records any action items or side issues that arise during the inspection. · 促進評審會議進行。糾正任何不適當的行爲。隨着閱讀人展現工作產品的各部分，引導檢查者提出問題。記錄評審過程中提出的行動決議或問題。 · Leads inspection team in determining the work product appraisal. · 領導評審小組確定工作產品的評估結果。 · Serves as verifier or delegates this responsibility to someone else. · 作爲審覈者或指派其他人承擔該責任。 · Delivers completed Inspection Summary Report to the organization’s peer review coordinator. · 提交完成的評審總結報告給組織的同行評審協調者。
	Reader 閱讀人	Presents portions of the work product to the inspection team to elicit comments, issues, or questions from inspectors.向評審小組展示工作產品的各部分，引導檢查者進行評論，提出問題或疑問。
	Recorder 記錄人	Records and classifies issues raised during inspection meeting.記錄並分類評審會議中提出的問題。
	Inspector 檢查者	Examines work product prior to the inspection meeting to find defects and prepare for contributing to the meeting. Records preparation time. Participates during the meeting to identify defects, raise issues, and suggest improvements.在評審會議之前檢查工作產品，發現其缺陷，爲參加評審會議做準備。記錄準備時間。參加評審，識別缺陷，提出問題，給出改進建議。
	Verifier 審覈者	Performs follow-up to determine whether rework has been performed appropriately and correctly. 進行跟蹤，確認返工工作被正確執行。
	Peer Review Coordinator 同行評審協調者	Custodian of the project’s inspection metrics database. Maintains records of inspections conducted and data from the Inspection Summary Report for each inspection. Generates reports on inspection data for management, process improvement team, and peer review process owner.項目評審度量數據庫的擁有者。維護每次評審的評審記錄及來自評審總結報告中的數據。根據評審數據形成報告，提交給管理層、過程改進組及同行評審過程的擁有者。
Entry Criteria 入口條件	o The author selected an inspection approach for the product being reviewed. o 創建者爲待評審的工作產品選擇了評審方法。 o All necessary supporting documentation is available o 準備好所有必需的支持文檔。 o The author has stated his or her objectives for this inspection. o 創建者陳述了該次評審的目標。 o Reviewers are trained in the peer review process. o 評審者接受了同行評審過程的培訓。 o Documents to be inspected are identified with a version number. All pages are numbered and line numbers are displayed. The documents have been spell-checked. o 爲待評審的文檔分配了版本號。所有頁面都標明瞭頁號和行號。文檔經過了拼寫錯誤檢查。 o Source code to be inspected is identified with a version number. Listings have line numbers and page numbers. Code compiles with no errors or warning messages using the project’s standard compiler switches. Errors found using code analyzer tools have been corrected. o 爲待評審的源代碼分配了版本號。代碼清單標明瞭行號和頁碼。代碼已經使用項目標準編譯轉換器編譯過，並且沒有錯誤和警告信息。使用代碼分析器發現的錯誤已經被改正。 o For a re-inspection, all issues from the previous inspection were resolved. o 對於二次評審，前一次評審中發現的所有問題都已經解決。 o Any additional entry criteria defined for the specific type of work product are also satisfied. o 滿足所有針對特定的工作產品定義的附加入口條件。

  

Planning計劃	Task任務	Responsible責任人
	1. Give moderator the work product to be inspected and supporting documents, such as specifications, predecessor documents, or pertinent test documentation.將需要評審的工作產品和支持文檔，如規範、以往文檔，相關測試文檔交給評審負責人。	Moderator 評審負責人
	2. Determine whether work product satisfies inspection entry criteria.確定工作產品是否滿足評審入口條件。	Author 創建者
	3. Based on the size and complexity of the work product, determine how many inspection meetings will be required.根據工作產品的規模和複雜度確定需要多少次評審會議。	Moderator and Author評審負責人和創建者
	4. Select inspectors and assign roles to individuals. Gain agreement from the other inspectors to participate.選擇檢查者，併爲其分配角色。確認檢查者同意參加評審。	Moderator and Author評審負責人和創建者
	5. Determine whether an overview meeting is required.確定是否需要一次評審說明會議。	Author創建者
	6. Schedule the inspection, and possibly overview, meetings and distribute a meeting notice.安排評審會議或者還有評審說明會議的時間，併發出會議通知。	Moderator評審負責人
	7. Distribute the inspection package to the participants at least 3 working days prior to the inspection meeting.提前評審會議至少三個工作日向參與者分發評審包。	Moderator or Author評審負責人或創建者

Overview 評審說明	Task 任務	Responsible 責任人
	1. Describe the important features of the work product to the rest of the inspection team. State inspection objectives.向評審小組的其他成員描述工作產品的重要特徵。陳述評審目標。	Author創建者
	Evaluate the assumptions, history, and context of the work product.評估工作產品的前提條件，歷史記錄及背景。	Inspectors檢查者
Preparation 評審準備	Task任務	Responsible 責任人
	1. Ask Individual inspectors to prepare with specific objectives in mind, such as: checking the consistency of cross-references; checking for interface errors; checking traceability to, and consistency with, predecessor specifications; or checking conformance to standards.要求每個檢查者以特定的角度準備評審。例如，檢查交叉引用的一致性，檢查接口錯誤，檢查對以往的規範的可追溯性和一致性，檢查對標準的符合性。	Moderator and Author評審負責人和創建者
	2. Examine the work product, to understand it, find defects, and raise questions about it. Use the appropriate defect checklist to focus attention on defects commonly found in the type of product being inspected. Use other analysis methods to look for defects as appropriate.檢查工作產品，理解它，發現其缺陷，並提出問題。使用適當的缺陷檢查表，集中於發現這類工作產品中普遍存在的缺陷。適當使用其它分析方法查找缺陷。	Inspectors檢查者
	2. Examine the work product, to understand it, find defects, and raise questions about it. Use the appropriate defect checklist to focus attention on defects commonly found in the type of product being inspected. Use other analysis methods to look for defects as appropriate.檢查工作產品，理解它，發現其缺陷，並提出問題。使用適當的缺陷檢查表，集中於發現這類工作產品中普遍存在的缺陷。適當使用其它分析方法查找缺陷。	Inspectors檢查者
	3. Log minor defects found, such as typographical errors or style inconsistencies, on the Typo List. Deliver this to the author at or prior to the inspection meeting.將微小缺陷記錄到微錯清單上，如排版錯誤或風格不一致。在評審會議上或之前交給創建者。	Inspectors檢查者
Inspection Meeting 評審會議	Task任務	Responsible 責任人
	1. Open the Meeting: Introduce the participants (if necessary) and state their roles, state the purpose of the inspection, and direct inspectors to focus their efforts toward finding defects, not solutions. Remind participants to address their comments to the work product under review, not to the author.召開會議：介紹參與者（如果需要），說明其角色，陳述評審的目標。指導檢查者將精力集中於發現缺陷，而不是解決方法。提醒參與者評論要針對正在評審的工作產品，而不是創建者。	Moderator評審負責人
	Establish Preparedness: Ask each inspector for his or her preparation time and records the times on the Inspection Summary Report. If preparation is insufficient, reschedule the meeting.確認準備情況：詢問每個檢查者的準備時間，並記錄到評審總結報告上。如果準備不充分，重新安排會議時間。	Moderator評審負責人
	Present Work Product: Describe portions of the work product to the inspection team.展示工作產品：向評審小組描述工作產品的各部分。	Reader閱讀人
	Raise Defects and Issues: Point out concerns, potential defects, questions, or improvement opportunities after the reader presents each section.提出缺陷和問題：每當閱讀人展示完工作產品的一部分，指出關心的，潛在的缺陷，疑問或改進建議。	Inspectors檢查者
	Record Issues: Capture the information in Table 2 on the Issue Log for each issue raised. State aloud what was recorded to make sure it was recorded accurately.記錄問題：對每個提出的問題，獲取表2中列出的信息，記錄到問題日誌上。大聲讀出記錄，以確認問題被正確地記錄。	Recorder記錄人
	Answer Questions: Respond briefly to any specific questions raised, and contribute to defect detection based on special understanding of the work product.解答問題：簡短回答提出的問題，使檢查者進一步瞭解工作產品，從而幫助發現缺陷。	Author創建者
	Make Product Appraisal: After all meetings scheduled for a given inspection are complete, decide on the work product appraisal, selecting from the options in Table 3. If the inspectors disagree, assign the most conservative appraisal offered by any of the inspectors.確定產品評估結果：所有評審會議結束以後，確定工作產品的評估結果，從表3中選擇。如果檢查者們的意見不一致，那麼評估結果應確定爲所有檢查者給出的評估結果中最保守的一個。	Inspectors檢查者
	Sign Inspection Summary Report: All participants sign the Inspection Summary Report to indicate their agreement with the inspection outcome.簽署評審總結報告：所有參與者都要在評審總結報告上簽字，說明他們同意評審結果。	Inspectors檢查者
	Collect Inspection Feedback. Ask the inspectors to evaluate the inspection and suggest improvements, using the Inspection Lessons Learned Questionnaire.收集評審反饋：使用評審經驗教訓問卷，要求檢查者評估評審並提出改進建議。	Moderator評審負責人

Table 2. Information to Record for Each Defect Found.
表2. 對每個發現的缺陷需要紀錄的信息

Appraisal	Meaning
Accepted As Is完全接受	Modifications may be required in the work product, but verification of the modification is not necessary.可能需要修改工作產品，但修改不需要審覈。
Accept Conditionally有條件的接受	Defects must be corrected, and the changes must be verified by the individual named on the Inspection Summary Report.必須修改缺陷，所作的修改必須由評審總結報告上指定的人審覈。
e-inspect Following Rework二次評審返工工作	A substantial portion of the product must be modified, or there are many changes to make. A second inspection is required after the author has completed rework.工作產品的很大部分都需要修改或需要做很多變更。創建者完成返工工作後需要二次評審。
Inspection Not Completed評審未完成	A significant fraction of the planned material was not inspected, or the inspection was terminated for some reason.評審內容的重要部分沒有評審或評審因某些原因中斷。

	Task任務	Responsible責任人
Rework返工	1. Correct defects and typos found, resolve issues raised, and modify work product accordingly. Mark issues list to indicate action taken. 改正缺陷和微小錯誤，解決提出的問題，並相應地修改工作產品。標註問題列表中已經處理過的問題。	Author創建者
	Correct any other project documents based on defects identified in the inspected work product.基於工作產品評審發現的缺陷，修改其他項目文檔。	Author創建者
	Record any uncorrected defects in the project’s defect tracking system.將沒有改正的缺陷記錄到項目缺陷跟蹤系統中。	Author創建者
	If rework verification is not needed, report the number of major and minor defects found and corrected and the actual rework effort to the moderator.如果返工工作不需要審覈，要向評審負責人報告發現和修改的嚴重缺陷和輕微缺陷的數量，以及實際的返工工作量。	Author創建者
	Record the actual rework effort on the Inspection Summary Report.在評審總結報告上紀錄實際的返工工作量。	Moderator評審負責人
	Task任務	Responsible責任人
Follow-Up跟蹤	2. Confirm that the author has addressed every item on the Issue Log. Determine whether the author made appropriate decisions as to which defects not to correct and which improvement suggestions not to implement.確認創建者已經對應了問題日誌上的每一項。確定創建者是否正確的判斷了哪些缺陷不必改正，那些改進建議不必實現。	Verifier審覈者
	Examine the modified work product to judge whether the rework has been performed correctly. Report any findings to the author, so rework can be declared complete, incorrect rework can be redone, or items that were not originally pursued can be addressed.檢查修改後的工作產品，判斷返工工作是否正確執行，將結果報告給創建者，從而聲明返工工作已經完成，重做沒有正確完成的返工工作，對應之前沒有對應的項目。	Verifier審覈者
	Report the number of major and minor defects found and corrected and the actual rework effort to the moderator.向評審負責人報告發現和修改的嚴重缺陷數和輕微缺陷數及實際的返工工作量。	Author創建者
	Check whether the exit criteria for the inspection and for the peer review process have been satisfied. If so, the inspection is complete.檢查是否滿足評審和同行評審過程的出口條件。如果滿足，則評審結束	Moderator評審負責人
	Check the baselined work product into the project’s configuration management system.將工作產品基線化到項目配置管理系統中	Author創建者
	Deliver Inspection Summary Report and counts of defects found and defects corrected to peer review coordinator.向同行評審協調者提交評審總結報告及發現的缺陷數和改正的缺陷數。	Author創建者
Deliverables 交付物	1. Baselined work product基線化的工作產品 2. Completed Inspection Summary Report完成的評審總結報告 3. Completed Issue Log完成的問題日誌 4. Completed Typo Lists完成的微錯清單 5. Counts of defects found and defects corrected發現和改正的缺陷數
Exit Criteria 出口條件	o All of the author’s inspection objectives are satisfied. o 創建者的所有評審目標都已達成。 o Issues raised during the inspection are tracked to closure. o 評審中提出的問題被跟蹤直至關閉。 o All major defects are corrected. o 所有嚴重缺陷都已改正。 o Uncorrected defects are logged in the project’s defect tracking system. o 沒改正的缺陷已被紀錄到項目缺陷跟蹤系統中。 o The modified work product is checked into the project’s configuration management system. o 修改的工作產品已基線化到項目配置管理系統中。 o If changes were required in earlier project deliverables, those deliverables have been correctly modified, checked into the project’s configuration management system, and any necessary regression tests were passed. o 如果需要修改以前的項目交付物，則已經正確的修改了這些交付物，保存到了項目配置管理系統中，並且通過了所有必要的測試。 o Moderator has collected and recorded the inspection data. o 評審負責人收集並記錄了評審數據。 o Moderator has delivered the completed Inspection Summary Report and defect counts to the peer review coordinator. o 評審負責人已經向同行評審協調者提交了完成的評審總結報告和缺陷數。