ESP8266低功耗解决方案之调制解调器睡眠Modem-sleep

ESP8266 系列芯片提供三种可配置的睡眠模式，针对这些睡眠模式，我们提供了多种低功耗解决方案，用户可以结合具体需求选择睡眠模式并进行配置。三种睡眠模式如下：

ESP8266低功耗解决方案之调制解调器睡眠Modem-sleep：

目前 ESP8266 的 Modem-sleep 仅工作在 Station 模式下，连接路由器后生效。ESP8266通过 Wi-Fi 的 DTIM Beacon 机制与路由器保持连接。在 Modem-sleep 模式下，ESP8266 会在两次 DTIM Beacon 间隔时间内，关闭 Wi-Fi 模块电路，达到省电效果，在下次 Beacon 到来前自动唤醒。睡眠时间由路由器的 DTIM Beacon 时间决定。睡眠同时可以保持与路由器的 Wi-Fi 连接，并通过路由器接受来自手机或者服务器的交互信息。

应用场合：

Modem-sleep 一般用于必须打开芯片 CPU 的应用场景，例如 PWM 彩灯，需要 CPU 实时控制。

自动休眠与强制休眠：

自动休眠：系统通过以下接口进入 Modem-sleep 模式，在 Modem-sleep 模式下，系统可以⾃自动被唤醒，无需配置接口。

/**
  * @brief     Set sleep type for force sleep function.
  *
  * @attention This API can only be called before wifi_fpm_open.
  *
  * @param     type  sleep type
  *
  * @return    null
  */
void esp_wifi_fpm_set_sleep_type(wifi_sleep_type_t type);

强制睡眠：用户可以使系统强制进入 Modem-sleep 模式，即调用强制休眠接口，强制关闭射频

示例源码：连接上WiFi后进入Modem-sleep模式，10秒后唤醒并重新连接WiFi

/* Simple WiFi Example

   This example code is in the Public Domain (or CC0 licensed, at your option.)

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this
   software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
   CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
#include <string.h>
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/event_groups.h"
#include "rom/ets_sys.h"
#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include "esp_event_loop.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"

#include "esp_sleep.h"

/* The examples use simple WiFi configuration that you can set via
   'make menuconfig'.

   If you'd rather not, just change the below entries to strings with
   the config you want - ie #define EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID "mywifissid"
*/
#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP   CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP //TRUE:AP FALSE:STA
#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID      CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SSID
#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS      CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_PASSWORD
#define EXAMPLE_MAX_STA_CONN       CONFIG_MAX_STA_CONN

/* FreeRTOS event group to signal when we are connected*/
static EventGroupHandle_t wifi_event_group;

/* The event group allows multiple bits for each event,
   but we only care about one event - are we connected
   to the AP with an IP? */
const int WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT = BIT0;

static const char *TAG = "simple wifi";

static esp_err_t event_handler(void *ctx, system_event_t *event)
{
    /* For accessing reason codes in case of disconnection */
    system_event_info_t *info = &event->event_info;
    
    switch(event->event_id) {
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_START:
        esp_wifi_connect();
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "got ip:%s",
                 ip4addr_ntoa(&event->event_info.got_ip.ip_info.ip));
        xEventGroupSetBits(wifi_event_group, WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT);
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_AP_STACONNECTED:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "station:"MACSTR" join, AID=%d",
                 MAC2STR(event->event_info.sta_connected.mac),
                 event->event_info.sta_connected.aid);
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_AP_STADISCONNECTED:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "station:"MACSTR"leave, AID=%d",
                 MAC2STR(event->event_info.sta_disconnected.mac),
                 event->event_info.sta_disconnected.aid);
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_DISCONNECTED:
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Disconnect reason : %d", info->disconnected.reason);
        if (info->disconnected.reason == WIFI_REASON_BASIC_RATE_NOT_SUPPORT) {
            /*Switch to 802.11 bgn mode */
            esp_wifi_set_protocol(ESP_IF_WIFI_STA, WIFI_PROTOCAL_11B | WIFI_PROTOCAL_11G | WIFI_PROTOCAL_11N);
        }
        esp_wifi_connect();
        xEventGroupClearBits(wifi_event_group, WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return ESP_OK;
}

void wifi_init_softap()
{
    wifi_event_group = xEventGroupCreate();

    tcpip_adapter_init();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_init(event_handler, NULL));

    wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_init(&cfg));
    wifi_config_t wifi_config = {
        .ap = {
            .ssid = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID,
            .ssid_len = strlen(EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID),
            .password = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS,
            .max_connection = EXAMPLE_MAX_STA_CONN,
            .authmode = WIFI_AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK
        },
    };
    if (strlen(EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS) == 0) {
        wifi_config.ap.authmode = WIFI_AUTH_OPEN;
    }

    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_AP));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_config(ESP_IF_WIFI_AP, &wifi_config));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_start());

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wifi_init_softap finished.SSID:%s password:%s",
             EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID, EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS);
}

void wifi_init_sta()
{
    wifi_event_group = xEventGroupCreate();

    tcpip_adapter_init();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_init(event_handler, NULL) );

    wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_init(&cfg));
    wifi_config_t wifi_config = {
        .sta = {
            .ssid = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID,
            .password = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS
        },
    };

    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_STA) );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_config(ESP_IF_WIFI_STA, &wifi_config) );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_start() );

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wifi_init_sta finished.");
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "connect to ap SSID:%s password:%s",
             EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID, EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS);
}

void fpm_wakup_cb_func1(void) {
	esp_wifi_fpm_close();
	esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_STA);
	esp_wifi_connect();
}

void app_main()
{
    //Initialize NVS
    esp_err_t ret = nvs_flash_init();
    if (ret == ESP_ERR_NVS_NO_FREE_PAGES) {
      ESP_ERROR_CHECK(nvs_flash_erase());
      ret = nvs_flash_init();
    }
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);
    
#if EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP");
    wifi_init_softap();
#else
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ESP_WIFI_MODE_STA");
    wifi_init_sta();
#endif /*EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP*/

    xEventGroupWaitBits(wifi_event_group, WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT, true, false, portMAX_DELAY);

    esp_err_t error;

	esp_wifi_disconnect();
	esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_NULL);

	ESP_LOGI(TAG, "START WIFI_MODEM_SLEEP_T\n");

	esp_wifi_fpm_set_sleep_type(WIFI_MODEM_SLEEP_T);
	esp_wifi_fpm_open();

	esp_wifi_fpm_set_wakeup_cb(fpm_wakup_cb_func1);
	error = esp_wifi_fpm_do_sleep((1000 * 1000) * 10);

	ESP_LOGI(TAG, "RETURN DO_SLEEP:%d\n", error);

}