SAP常見問題及解決方法

1.如何查看SAP系統的位數？

system——status看 Platform ID
Platform 32-bit 64-bit

----------------------------------------------------------------
DEC-Alpha --- 288
HP-UX 272 273
RM600 322 323
AIX 320 324
SUN 369 370
WINNT 560

2.How can I find out if a 64-bit database is in use?
ST04 --〉 'Detail analysis menu' -->'V＄Tables' --> 'V＄Version'
The string '64-bit version' is output for 64-bit versions


3.What combinations of database software and R/3 kernel are possible?

32-bit database with 32-bit R/3 kernel
64-bit database with 64-bit R/3 kernel
64-bit database with 32-bit R/3 kernel
Not supported: 32-bit database with 64-bit R/3 kernel

4.SAP內存管理(33576)

5.Where can I get a list of all transaction codes in SAP?

The following tables hold all SAP transactions:
Table TSTC stores all transaction codes and their respective ABAP program.
Table TSTCT stores the text (or description) for each transaction.
Table THSTC has also documentation for all transaction. It is a copy of TSTCT.
Table TSTCP stores the possible parameters for each transaction.

6.Where can I get a list of all tables in SAP?
Table DD02L stores all tables in SAP.

7.How can I hide a client from the users?
There is no way to actually hide a client but there is a workaround: delete the entry in table T000 via SCC4. This way, nobody will able to log on to it. To “unhide” it, simply re-create the entry via SCC4.

8.How can I lock a client?
You can use one of these two: 1) delete the entry in table T000 via SCC4; 2) run tp locksys/unlocksys at the OS level.

9.How can I determine the size of a client?
You can run a local client copy in “test” mode.

10.How can I see all the available icons in SAP?
Execute transaction BIBS and select Elements -> Icon Overview.
You can use the code that appears on the last column in order to put icons in system messages (SM02).

11.What happens if I start a dialog instance but the database and SAP services are down on the central instance?
The SAP_xx and SAPOSCOL services will start.
However, the work processes will end soon after being started.

12.What happens if I start a dialog instance but only the database services are up on the central instance?
The SAP services will start and so will the work processes. However, because the message server is down on the central instance users will get the message “No logon possible (no hardware ID received by message server) when trying to log on. No user logins will work. The “Process List” in the SAP MMC will stay in yellow.

13.Can I import transports between different R/3 releases?
Read the technical and logical problems SAP reports when doing transports between different R/3 releases.
SAP Notes 126776 and 330267.

14.I lost the password for SAP*. What can I do?
You can delete the record for SAP* in table USR02 as follows:
delete USR02 where BNAME=”SAP*” and MANDT=’XXX’;
commit;
Replace ‘XXX’ for a valid client number.

15.Can SAP be installed on FAT or FAT32 partitions?
No. SAP needs to be installed on NTFS partitions only.

16.How can I quickly check if the passwords for the accounts SAP*, DDIC, SAPCPIC and EarlyWatch are not the default ones?
Run SE38 and execute report RSUSR003.

17.Can I copy just data from client to another?
No. There is no copy profile that allows you to copy just data.
For this you need to configure and use ALE or buy a third-party program that has this type of functionality.

18.Can Query Analyzer tell me if there is insufficient disk space to restore a database?
Yes. It will display message (Msg) 3257 indicating that there is not enough disk space to perform the restore.

19.Disable Multiple Logins in the Same Client

To disable multiple user logins within the same client implement this parameter in the instance profile:
login/disable_multi_gui_login = 1
If you do not use this parameter in your system, users have the ability to ignore the warning window at the time they try to login to the same client.
Activating this parameter in your system will make you look good if you get audited!
How about exceptional logins?
In case you're wondering how to allow multiple logins for certain key users you can implement parameter login/multi_login_users. You can list the user IDs that should be ignored if the parameter above is active in your system

20.Roles with Restricted Company Codes and Values

Do you need to find out what roles you have set up with restricted company code values for specific authorization objects?
If your company has changed its company code (BURK) and if you have limited access to a particular company code in your roles, you will have to adjust the roles to use the new company code or to use * for any code.
But, how do you quickly find out what roles you need to adjust?
Simple. Query table AGR_1252 and check the contents of the LOW and HIGH fields. You can use your favorite query tool (Query Analyzer in SQL Server for example) or use transaction SE16 or SE11 within SAP.
Here is a sample query:
select MANDT, AGR_NAME, VARBL, LOW, HIGH
from AGR_1252
where MANDT='100'
and (LOW <>' or HIGH <>')
and (LOW <>'*' and HIGH <>'*')
and AGR_NAME not like 'SAP%'
The above query looks for any non-SAP role in client 100 where either LOW or HIGH have anything different than *.
You'll get a list of the roles you need to adjust to use the new company code.

21.View Locked Transactions

As you know, you can lock/unlock transaction codes via SM01.
But, how do you go about viewing the transactions that are locked in the system?
You need to look in field CINFO, table TSTC.
Within SAP, you can use either SE11 or SE16 to browse the table contents.
Make sure you enter "A0" as the "HEX01 data element for SYST" starting value and "A9" as the ending value.
This will list all the transactions locked in the system.
Note: The CINFO field description is "HEX01 data element for SYST".

22.Logging on to SAP using SAPSHCUT

You need to pass these parameters:
-sysname = entry name in SAPLogon
-client = client number
-user = user ID
-pw = password (in plain text)
Optionally, you can pass parameter -command to execute a transaction upon logon.
See example below:
sapshcut -sysname=SAP Production -client=000 -user=sap* -pw=06071992 -command=SM04
For more information, run SAPSHCUT /?

23.Fast Logon to an SAP Server

You can log on to an SAP server quickly using the "SAPGUI" executable.
This way, you do not even need SAPLogon.
At the command prompt type:
sapgui hostname instnumber
Example:
sapgui myprd 00
The example above lets you log on to the server "myprd" with instance number 00.
The SAPGUI.exe is located under the "SAPgui" directory. You either need to put this directory in your system's path or change to the directory to be able to log on as indicated above.

24.Saving Passwords for SAP shortcuts

Passwords are not saved in shortcuts created within SAPGUI. In fact, when you edit a shortcut the password field is grayed out.
Why? Because you need to first register the SAPshortcuts using:
sapshcut -register
SAPSHCUT.exe is located under the SAPpcsapgui directory. In SAPGUI 4.0 it was called SAPSH.exe.
Once you do the registration you need to open the registry (regedit or regedt32) and change the value data of "EnablePassword" to "1" under:
HKCU/Software/SAP/SAPShortcut/Security
Then, you will be able to type and save your passwords.

25.SAP table with Version and Instance name

USAP R/3 stores its version, instance name and OS platform in tables!
This is excellent as you can then query the database to get the R/3 version, Instance Name and OS platform as follows:
select * from SVERS
select * from TSLE4
You don't even have to log on to the application to get this info. The above query gives it to you in less than 1 second.

26.Logging on to SAPNet directly (bypass OSS1)

You can logon to SAPNet -R/3 FrontEnd without using transaction OSS1.
This way you don't have to open an SAP session just to log on to SAPNet.
Here is how to do it:
a. Create the file "saproute.ini" under the %winnt% directory and add the following two entries:
[Router]
sapservX=/H/your-SAProuter-internal-IP-address/H/SAPServX-IP-address/H/
Example:
sapserv4=/H/200.10.10.24/H/204.79.199.2/H/
200.10.10.24 is my SAP router's IP address.
204.79.199.2 is SAPServ4's IP address.
b. Create the file "sapmsg.ini" under the %winnt% directory and add the following two entries:
[Message Server]
O01=oss001.wdf.sap-ag.de
c. Open the SAPLogon program (it is part of the SAP FrontEnd software -SAPGUI, on your PC).
d. Click on the "Groups" button.
e. Click on the down arrow for "SAP Router for" and select your SAPServX from the list.
f. Click on the "Generate list" button.
g. Select "1_PUBLIC" from the list of groups.
h. Click on the "Add and Logon" button.
You're done! You can change the name of the SAPNet session in SAPLogon if you want to.
No more typing OSS1!

27.Determining who executed a transport
se11-->tplog

28.HP11i安裝oracle 920 時出錯，"Error in invoking target install of make file ＄ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk"?

login os level as user root,cd /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/lib/libX11.3 libX11.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXIE.2 libXIE.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXext.3 libXext.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXhp11.3 libXhp11.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXi.3 libXi.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXm.4 libXm.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXp.2 libXp.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXt.3 libXt.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXtst.2 libXtst.sl
note:499055,97953

29.install sap support package ,upgrade kernel(19466)?
Notes: 447925(old),782140(new),664679(special feature on windows)

30.DB13做數據庫備份或check時，出現ORA-01031: insufficient privileges?
Download sapdba_role.sql from sap website and execute it

31.install sap online help ?
SR13 (Note: 101481)

32.HPUX中如何查看主機序列號？
cstm --> sele dev 1 -->il 或cstm -->selall -->info-->il

33.sap 系統編譯？
sgen

34.如何批量產生profile？
supc

35.如何在sap中(不用登陸到sap網站)查看develop key?
se16-->devaccess

36.setting Early Watch Alert(EWA) ?
Note:207223,91488,69455

37.hpux下查看磁帶上有哪些文件？
frecover -rNsv -f /dev/rmt/0m

38.查看磁帶信息？
brbackup -q check -u /
brbackup -i show

39.How to check unix kernel parameters and swap space?
memlimits (sap must be stopped first!)

40.check sap parameter
sappfpar (os) or
se38-->rspfpar(or rsparam)

41.install sap
note: 534334 653172(IDES) 722273(for linux)

42.How to save request number to local?
se38-->rstxscrp

43.包含所有tcode信息的table(S)?
TSTC,TSTCT

44.清理trans目錄？(note:41732)
tp cleanbuffer
tp check all pf=...
tp clearold all pf=...

45.saprouter相關
niping -s (server端)
niping -c -H target_host (client端)
saprouter -r (start saprouter)
直接輸入niping and saprouter for help

46.oss1連接不上的相關note: 33135,21477,33261

47.如何建立OSS服務及vpn連接？note：486688，41054

48.ocs(online correction supports)的相關note:97620

49.Abap programs for check and cleanup?(note:16083)

50.如何建立開發類?
sm30-->輸入表名v_tdevc-->maintain

51.如何檢查語言包安裝的是否正確？
se38-->rscp0018

52.如何控制權限設置裏面的control level?

53.在Frontend上設置打印環境變量LP_CMD=/saplpd/saplpd.exe -f&F -c&C -P&P
打印進程saplpd將會在打印完畢後自動結束(note:150533)

s0003312733/i977g620
s0003572710

54.怎麼樣dump數據庫內部結構，如上面顯示的控制文件的結構
常見的有
(1)、分析數據文件塊，轉儲數據文件n的塊m
alter system dump datafile n block m
(2)、分析日誌文件
alter system dump logfile logfilename;
(3)、分析控制文件的內容
alter session set events 'immediate trace name CONTROLF level 10'
(4)、分析所有數據文件頭
alter session set events 'immediate trace name FILE_HDRS level 10'
(5)、分析日誌文件頭
alter session set events 'immediate trace name REDOHDR level 10'
(6)、分析系統狀態，最好每10分鐘一次，做三次對比
alter session set events 'immediate trace name SYSTEMSTATE level 10'
(7)、分析進程狀態
alter session set events 'immediate trace name PROCESSSTATE level 10'
(8)、分析Library Cache的詳細情況
alter session set events 'immediate trace name library_cache level 10'

55.安裝oracle時在link pending..時hang住不動？
需要設置變量LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1(不同版本，值會不同)

56.oracle中安裝statspack
(1).create tablespace perfstat
(2).@＄ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/spcreate
(3).exec statspack.snap(抽樣2次，可選)
(4).@＄ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/spreport

57.怎麼獲得當前的SCN
9i以下版本
select max(ktuxescnw*power(2,32)+ktuxescnb) from x＄ktuxe;
如果是9i以上版本，還可以通過以下語句獲取
select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;

58.怎麼樣獲取對象的DDL語句
9i以上版本的dbms_metadata
(1)、獲得單個對象的DDL語句
set heading off
set echo off
set feedback off
set pages off
set long 90000
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','TABLENAME','SCAME') from dual;
(2)、如果獲取整個用戶的腳本，可以用如下語句
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE',u.table_name) from user_tables u;
當然，如果是索引，則需要修改相關table到index

59.如何使用Hint提示
在select/delete/update後寫/*+ hint */
如 select /*+ index(TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME) */ col1...
注意/*和+之間不能有空格
如用hint指定使用某個索引

select /*+ index(cbotab) */ col1 from cbotab;
select /*+ index(cbotab cbotab1) */ col1 from cbotab;
select /*+ index(a cbotab1) */ col1 from cbotab a;
其中
TABLE_NAME是必須要寫的，且如果在查詢中使用了表的別名，在hint也要用表的別名來代替表名;
INDEX_NAME可以不必寫，Oracle會根據統計值選一個索引;
如果索引名或表名寫錯了，那這個hint就會被忽略;

60.在redhat linux 9下安裝ides470x110,安裝到dbinstance時出現錯誤，rfc connection open error!
檢查dev_w*,有如下記錄:
*** ERROR => shmget(10033,0,480) (0: Success) [shmux.c 1873]B dbtbxbuf: Shm Segment 33: Cannot create/attachB ***LOG BBB=> ADM message TBX buffer: function shmcreate1 returns RC = 2 [dbtbxbuf#9 @ 1388] [dbtbxbuf1388 ]
***LOG BZL=> internal error in table buffer: table buf init fail [dbtbxbuf#9 @ 1647] [dbtbxbuf1647 ]
dbtbxbuf: return code (sap_rc): 2, Buffer TBX_SINGLE will not be available
db_tbpinit failed
*** ERROR => ThCallHooks: event handler db_init for event CREATE_SHM failed [thxxtool3.c 237]
*** ERROR => ThIPCInit: hook failed [thxxhead.c 1656]
***LOG R19=> tskh_init, ThIPCInit ( TSKH-IPC-000001) [thxxhead.c 1159]
in_ThErrHandle: 1
*** ERROR => tskh_init: ThIPCInit (step 1, th_errno 17, action 3, level 1) [thxxhead.c 8437]
解決辦法:下載最新的kernel patch和LIB_DBSL

61.怎麼樣給sqlplus安裝幫助
SQLPLUS的幫助必須手工安裝，shell腳本爲＄ORACLE_HOME/bin/helpins
在安裝之前，必須先設置SYSTEM_PASS環境變量，如：
＄ setenv SYSTEM_PASS SYSTEM/MANAGER
＄ helpins
如果不設置該環境變量，將在運行腳本的時候提示輸入環境變量
當然，除了shell腳本，還可以利用sql腳本安裝，那就不用設置環境變量了，但是，我們必須以system登錄。
＄ sqlplus system/manager
SQL>@ ?/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql ?/sqlplus/admin/help/helpus.sql

62.Solution manager 安裝support pkg note：662441

63.client 分析工具
ABAP program： MULTICLIENT_ANALYSIS
Multiclient Manager： (Transaction MCLIMAN)

64.ABAP程序分析
slin: syntax check
se38: Runtime analysis

65.安裝MSN之後就登錄不了sap系統，錯誤提示“service sapdpxx unknown”
解決辦法：開始----運行----regedit,這樣就可以修改註冊表了，修改下面的值就可以:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Tcpip/Parameters
將"DataBasePath" 的值
%SystemRoot%/System32/drivers/etc 的%SystemRoot%部分更改爲變量的實際值，
如win2000爲C:/winnt,xp或2003爲C:/windows

66.分析sap buffer
RSDBBUFF

67.Delete jobs
RSBTCDEL

68.問題描述：升級SAP kernel後，用db13備份database和archived log時出錯：數據庫備份成功，
但log不備份；用brarchive單獨備份log時，雖然能備份，但有ora-01017的錯誤，提示用戶名/密碼
無效，無法connect DB。懷疑原因可能是新的kernel使用default的用戶/密碼去連接DB。
解決辦法：用sapdba/brtools將SAP的密碼恢復爲初始值，同時確認br*的執行程序的權限爲4755。

69. check sap profile
sappfpar check pf=profile_name

70.Oracle 客戶端字符集的設置問題
客戶端：NLS_LANG=_.中的Clients Characterset與，
服務器端：nls_characterset 要一致.language和territory根據本地情況設置，如中國則設置爲
set nls_lang=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA. 或修改註冊表鍵值NLS_LANG

71.查找表字段的方法
se11、se15-->abap dictionary-->fields

72.外網訪問sap的方法(非vpn)
給saprouter分配一個公網ip，防火牆開放3299端口，即可

73.設置好online help後，訪問時提示
"Internet Explorer 不能鏈接到您請求的網頁。此頁可能暫時不可用。"
原因：微軟的安全限制問題(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/896054)
解決辦法：
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/HTMLHelp]
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/HTMLHelp/1.x/ItssRestrictions]
"MaxAllowedZone"=dword:00000003
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/HTMLHelp]
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/HTMLHelp/1.x/ItssRestrictions]
"UrlAllowList"="//192.168.99.208/docu;file:////192.168.99.208/docu;//192.168.99.208/docu"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/HTMLHelp]
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/HTMLHelp/1.x/ItssRestrictions]
"NestedProtocolList"="http:;ftp:"
將上述鍵值保存成註冊表文件，然後導入註冊表即可

74.導入support pkg中斷，重新導入時出錯，該如何處理？
a.刪除pat03表patch字段中與該sp對應的記錄，清除table pat01，pat10
b.用tp delfrombuffer刪除對應的request(先用tp showbuffer查看)(STMS)
tp showbuffer pf=E:/usr/sap/trans/bin/tp_domain_c11.pfl
tp delfrombuffer pf=e:/usr/sap/trans/bin/tp_domain_c11.pfl
c.重新導入,完成後再執行下一步：75

75.ERROR: Background job RDDIMPDP could not be started or terminated
abnormally.
Please check that the R/3 system is running.
Please check the system. Use transactions SM21, SM37, SM50.
10:23:22 DIA 0 000 SAPSYS EH1 Event handler: Event ###
(#Ba###Hr[###tV#Pi# z^@##W`># is not defined
10:24:22 DIA 0 000 SAPSYS EH1 Event handler: Event
#ak#######`#J###9###U##O0#WA###0 is not defined
solution:SAP note 745468
* 更新 e:/usr/sap//SYS/exe/run/sapevt.exe 的版本至3或以上

76. SM37的作業 SAP_COLLECTOR_FOR_PERFMONITOR 出現 EXPORT_TOO_MUCH_DATA 錯誤
見NOTES：580352 (COLLECT_OVERFLOW with SAP_COLLECTOR_FOR_PERFMONITOR)
解決：NOTES：580352，導入PATCH解決。