apache2 配置

#

# Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool.

#參照NCSA服務器的配置文件，原版由Rob McCool發佈

#

# This is the main Apache server configuration file.  It contains the

# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.

# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/> for detailed information about

# the directives.

#這是Apache server的主配置文件. 它包含配置指令，來指示服務器

#請參考 http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0 瞭解關於指令的詳細信息

# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding

# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure

# consult the online docs. You have been warned. 

#不要僅僅是閱讀本指令，而應該理解指令做了什麼。在這裏僅起提示的作用。

#如果你不清楚請參閱在線文檔。特別提示

# The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections:

#配置文件批令分爲三個基本組

#  1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a

#     whole (the 'global environment').

#  1. 控制Apache server的全局操作的指令(全局環境變量).

#  2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server,

#     which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host.

#     These directives also provide default values for the settings

#     of all virtual hosts.

#  2.配置主服務或者默認服務的指令，它針對那些被虛擬主機以外的請求作出響應.

#    它也包含虛擬主機的一些默認參數

#  3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to

#     different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the

#     same Apache server process.

#  3. 虛擬主機設置，這使得發往不同的ip或者主機名的請求可以被子同一個Apache服務#     器處理

# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many

# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the

# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin

# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo.log"

# with ServerRoot set to "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2" will be interpreted by the

# server as "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/logs/foo.log".

#配置和日誌文件名：如果你所指定的文件名以”/”（在Win32中以盤符：/）開頭，服務器將以絕對路徑來處理。如果不以”/”開頭，則以相對於ServerRoot不解釋，所以對於logs/foo.log來講，當ServerRoot爲"C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2”時，則指的是

C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/logs/foo.log文件

# NOTE: Where filenames are specified, you must use forward slashes

# instead of backslashes (e.g., "c:/apache" instead of "c:/apache").

注意，在文件名的定義中，必須用正斜槓，而不是反斜槓，如c:/apache而不是c:/apache

# If a drive letter is omitted, the drive on which Apache.exe is located

# will be used by default.  It is recommended that you always supply

# an explicit drive letter in absolute paths, however, to avoid

# confusion.

#如果省略了盤符，則以Apache.exe所在的盤符爲默認值

建議在絕對路徑中永遠使用顯式的盤符，這樣有助於消除誤解

 

### Section 1: Global Environment

#第一部分全局環境

#

# The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache,

# such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it

# can find its configuration files.

#本部分的指令將影響整個Apache服務器，例如它所能處理的併發請求數或者它在哪裏能夠找到其配置文件

 

#

# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's

# configuration, error, and log files are kept.

# ServerRoot: 服務器的配置，錯誤和日誌文件的根目錄

# NOTE!  If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)

# mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available

# at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>);

# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.

#注意：如果將其保存到NFS上或者網絡上mounted的文件系統上，然後應該閱讀LockFile文檔，http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile，將能解決你的很多麻煩.

# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.

#不要在目錄的末尾加上斜槓

ServerRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2"

ServerRoot:根目錄

#

# ScoreBoardFile: File used to store internal server process information.

# If unspecified (the default), the scoreboard will be stored in an

# anonymous shared memory segment, and will be unavailable to third-party

# applications.

ScoreBoardFile: 保存服務器內部的處理信息

如果未定議(默認狀態)，scoreboard將被保存在匿名的共享內存段中，並且對於第三方來講，是不可獲得的

# If specified, ensure that no two invocations of Apache share the same

# scoreboard file. The scoreboard file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.

#如果已定義，應確保Apache的兩個調用不能共享同一個scoreboard. Scoreboard文件必須存放在可分配的磁盤上

#ScoreBoardFile logs/apache_runtime_status

 

#

# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process

# identification number when it starts.

#PidFile:當服務器起努時，服務器需要將其進程ID號存放在此文件中

PidFile logs/httpd.pid

 

#

# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.

#Timeout:接收和發送數據的超時設置，秒數

Timeout 300

 

#

# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than

# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.

#KeepAlive: 是否支持持久聯接（而不是每個請求建一個連接）,設off關閉此功能

KeepAlive On

 

#

# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow

# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.

# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.

#MaxKeepAliveRequests:在持久連接期間，所允許的最大請求數量。設爲0表示不作限制

建議設爲較高的數，以提高性能

MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

 

#

# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the

# same client on the same connection.

#KeepAliveTimeout:在同一個客戶連接中，等待下一個請求的等待時間。

KeepAliveTimeout 15

 

##

## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific)

## 常規Server-Pool服務器池的大小(每分鐘M數)

 

# WinNT MPM WinNT 的MPM

# ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in the server process

ThreadPerChild:服務器進程中工作的線程數量

# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum  number of requests a server process serves

每個服務進程的最大請求數

<IfModule mpm_winnt.c>

ThreadsPerChild 250

MaxRequestsPerChild  0

</IfModule>

 

#

# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or

# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>

# directive.

#Listen:允許你將Apache綁定到指定的IP地址或端口，而不是默認端口，請同時參考<VirtualHost>指令

# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to

# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses (0.0.0.0)

#像下面那樣指定偵聽的IP地址，防止Apache搶佔所有綁定的IP地址

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80

Listen 80

 

#

# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support

#動態共享對象支持DSO

# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you

# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the

# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.

# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need

# to be loaded here.

#爲了能夠使用模塊功能，模塊通常以DSO的方式構建，你應該在下面使用LoadModule行，使得能夠在使用前獲得指令的功能。靜態編譯模塊（在httpd-1中所列舉的）不需要在此裝載

# Example:

# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so

#

LoadModule access_module modules/mod_access.so

LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so

LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so

LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so

LoadModule auth_module modules/mod_auth.so

#LoadModule auth_anon_module modules/mod_auth_anon.so

#LoadModule auth_dbm_module modules/mod_auth_dbm.so

#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so

LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so

#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so

LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so

#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so

#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so

LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so

LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so

#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so

#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so

#LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so

LoadModule imap_module modules/mod_imap.so

LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so

#LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so

LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so

LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so

LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so

#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so

#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so

#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so

#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so

#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so

LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so

#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so

#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so

#LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so

#LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so

LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so

#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so

#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so

#LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so

 

#

# ExtendedStatus controls whether Apache will generate "full" status

# information (ExtendedStatus On) or just basic information (ExtendedStatus

# Off) when the "server-status" handler is called. The default is Off.

#擴展狀態控制Apache是否產生完整的狀態信息（設爲on產生全部），如果設爲Off則產生基本的信息，當與server-status頭有關，默認值爲Off

#ExtendedStatus On

 

### Section 2: 'Main' server configuration

#第二部分：主服務配置

# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'

# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a

# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for

# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.

#本節中指令的設置值，將被主服務所使用，主服務響應那些沒有被<VirtualHost>所處理的請求，這些值也爲<VirtualHost>容器提供了默認值，你可以在後面的文件中定義

# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,

# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the

# virtual host being defined.

所有這些指令將出現在<VirtualHost>容器中，這些設定值將在定義virtual host時被覆寫。

#

 

#

# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be

# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such

# as error documents.  e.g. [email protected]

# ServerAdmin：你的地址，當系統故障時，可以給你發email。此地址出現在那些由服務器生成的頁面上，如出錯文檔。例如：[email protected]

ServerAdmin [email protected]

 

#

# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.

# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify

# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.

#ServerNaem定義了server名稱和端口號，用以標明自己的身份。通常可以自動定義，建議顯式地定義，避免起動時出錯

# If this is not set to valid DNS name for your host, server-generated

# redirections will not work.  See also the UseCanonicalName directive.

#如果沒有正確定義主機的DNS,服務器產生的重定向將不會工作，同時參考UseCanonicalName指令。

# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.

# You will have to access it by its address anyway, and this will make

# redirections work in a sensible way.

#如果你沒有註冊DNS名字，請在這裏輸入IP地址。

你可以在任何情況下使用ip地址，這也使用得重定向變得敏感

ServerName www.moers.com:80

 

#

# UseCanonicalName: Determines how Apache constructs self-referencing

# URLs and the SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT variables.

# When set "Off", Apache will use the Hostname and Port supplied

# by the client.  When set "On", Apache will use the value of the

# ServerName directive.

#UseCanonicalName:決定Apaceh如何構建自定參考URL,和SERVER_NAME及SERVER_PORT變量

當設爲Off時，Apache將使用客戶端給出的域名和端口。當設爲On時，Apache將使用ServerName指令

UseCanonicalName Off

 

#

# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your

# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but

# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.

#DocumentRoot:服務器文檔放置目錄。在默認情形下，所有的請求都從這裏開始，除了記號和別名將改指它處以外。

DocumentRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/htdocs"

 

#

# Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect

# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that

# directory (and its subdirectories).

#每個可供Apache訪問的目錄，可以配置成允許或禁止哪些服務和特徵（包括其子目錄）

# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of

# features. 

#首先，我們定義一個默認的非常嚴格的配置

<Directory />

    Options FollowSymLinks

    AllowOverride None

</Directory>

 

#

# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow

# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as

# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it

# below.

#注意，從這一點往前，你必須許可某些特殊的功能，所以如果某些功能未能如你所願，要確保你在在下述中啓用了該功能。

 

#

# This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.

# 這將改變你對DocumentRoot的設置

<Directory "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/htdocs">

 

#

# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",

# or any combination of:

可能的值爲None,All或者任意組合

#   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews

# 索引包括FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews

# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"

# doesn't give it to you.

#注意MultiViews被顯式地Options All,

# The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see

# http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options

# for more information.

#選項指令既複雜又重要，請參閱http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options瞭解詳情

    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

 

#

# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.

# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:

#   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit

#AllowOverride 控制什麼指令能夠加入到.htaccess中，可以是All,None,或者組合關鍵字

    AllowOverride None

 

#

# Controls who can get stuff from this server.

#控制誰可以可以訪問此服務

    Order allow,deny

    Allow from all

 

</Directory>

 

#

# UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a user's home

# directory if a ~user request is received.  Be especially careful to use

# proper, forward slashes here.  On Windows NT, "Personal/My Website"

# is a more appropriate choice.

# UserDir: 用戶的home的名稱，當接到到~user的請求時。

請小心正確使用”/”. 在WinNT上，”Personal/My Website”是更合適的選擇

UserDir "My Documents/My Website"

 

#

# Control access to UserDir directories.  The following is an example

# for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only.

#控制UserDir目錄，以下是一個例子，這個目錄是隻讀的

# You must correct the path for the root to match your system's configured

# user directory location, e.g. "C:/WinNT/profiles/*/My Documents/My Website"

# or whichever, as appropriate.

#你必須更正root目錄，與系統設置相配，如用戶目錄是C:/WinNT/profiles/*/My Documents/My Website或者其它合適的

#<Directory "C:/Documents and Settings/*/My Documents/My Website">

#    AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit

#    Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec

#    <Limit GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND>

#        Order allow,deny

#        Allow from all

#    </Limit>

#    <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND>

#        Order deny,allow

#        Deny from all

#    </LimitExcept>

#</Directory>

 

#

# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory

# is requested.

#DirectoryIndex: Apache服務器將要以一個目錄的形式響應服務

# The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content-

# negotiated documents.  The MultiViews Option can be used for the

# same purpose, but it is much slower.

#index.html變量文件（一種映射）將直接傳送內容。MultiViews選項可以用於同樣的目的，但是要慢得多

DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var

 

#

# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory

# for additional configuration directives.  See also the AllowOverride

# directive.

#AccessFileName: 用來查找各個目錄下額外的配置指令的配置文件名，同時參考AllowOverride(允許重載)指令

#Acce

AccessFileName .htaccess

 

#

# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being

# viewed by Web clients.

#下面兩行，阻址Web客戶端訪問 .htaccess和htpasswd(訪問設定和密碼)的文件

#

<Files ~ "^/.ht">

    Order allow,deny

    Deny from all

</Files>

 

#

# TypesConfig describes where the mime.types file (or equivalent) is

# to be found.

# TypesConfig，描述在何處找到mime型別

TypesConfig conf/mime.types

 

#

# DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document

# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.

如果服務器不能確定文檔的型別，將使用默認的MIME型別,例如根據擴展名

# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is

# a good value.  If most of your content is binary, such as applications

# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to

# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are

# text.

#如果你的服務器主要包括text/html文檔，”text/plain”就是一個好的取值。如果你的大多數內容是binary(二進制)的，如應用程序或圖片，你可能希望使用application/octet-stream，使得瀏覽器試圖顯示二進制數據，儘管它們是文本

DefaultType text/plain

 

#

# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the

# contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile

# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.

# mod_mime_magic模塊，允許服務器根據內容提示來識別文件型別。MIMEMagicFile指令告知模塊“內容提示”應到何處找。

<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c>

    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

</IfModule>

 

#

# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses

# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).

# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people

# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that

# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the

# nameserver.

HostNameLookups: 客戶日誌或者僅其IP地址，如www.apache.org(on) 或者204.62.129.132

(off).默認爲值設爲off比較好，如果希望將此置爲on將意味着第一次客戶請求都至少要查詢一次nameserver.

#

HostnameLookups Off

 

#

# EnableMMAP: Control whether memory-mapping is used to deliver

# files (assuming that the underlying OS supports it).

# The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted

# filesystems.  On some systems, turning it off (regardless of

# filesystem) can improve performance; for details, please see

# http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#enablemmap

# EnableMMAP: 控制是否通過內存映射的方式傳送文件(須得操作系統支持)

默認值爲on; 如果你使用NSF加載的文件系統（通常在linux下）,應置爲off. 在某些系統上，置off,不管使用什麼文件系統，能夠提高效率，詳細情況，請參閱文檔

#EnableMMAP off

 

#

# EnableSendfile: Control whether the sendfile kernel support is

# used  to deliver files (assuming that the OS supports it).

# The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted

# filesystems.  Please see

# http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#enablesendfile

# EnableSendfile: 控制內核傳送文件是否支持（需要OS支持）。默認爲on,如果使用NFS,則使用off

#EnableSendfile off

 

#

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.

# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>

# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be

# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>

# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.

#ErrorLog: 出錯日誌文件

如果你想爲虛擬主機定義Errorlog指令，則該虛擬主機的錯誤信息將被記錄到這裏

ErrorLog logs/error.log

 

#

# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error.log.

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

# alert, emerg.

# LogLever: 日誌等級，（與log4j相似，譯者注），決定哪些級別的出錯信息將被記錄，如debug,info,notice,warn,error, crit，alert,emerg等，在設定級別以上的信息就會被記錄(譯者注).

LogLevel warn

 

#

# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with

# a CustomLog directive (see below).

# 日誌格式(與log4j相似)

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t /"%r/" %>s %b /"%{Referer}i/" /"%{User-Agent}i/"" combined

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t /"%r/" %>s %b" common

LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer

LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

 

# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O

#LogFormat "%h %l %u %t /"%r/" %>s %b /"%{Referer}i/" /"%{User-Agent}i/" %I %O" combinedio