java實踐——ssh框架搭建

僅作爲個人筆記，供日後回顧用。
首先要感謝博主eson_15，博主的文章幫助了我很多，附上該博主ssh框架搭建的博客鏈接：http://blog.csdn.net/eson_15/article/details/51277324。
本次使用的框架是Struts2+Hibernate4.3+Spring4.2 ，使用的IDE是Eclipse，使用的數據庫是MySQL。
**

一、總體思路

先部署Struts2，再Spring，最後Hibernate。其實，這三個框架的部署順序並沒有什麼規定，誰先誰後並沒有多大影響，我按照這樣的順序部署，只是個人喜好。
這裏先稍微總結一下搭建s2sh框架所必需的jar包（如下圖），jar包分類存放是一個好習慣，但是要注意，在導入到web項目中時，一定要將jar包統一放在WEB-INF/lib下，否則會有奇怪的錯誤，我被坑了整整一個下午。

二、部署Struts2

（一）導入jar包
導入struts2.3.41中的jar包即可，過程不贅述。
（二）配置web.xml文件
web.xml文件的作用爲設置過濾器，決定了從jsp頁面傳過來的請求被哪個action處理。代碼如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>mys2sh</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

    <filter>  
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>  
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>  
  </filter>  
  <filter-mapping>  
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>  
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
  </filter-mapping>  
</web-app>

（三）測試
測試的思路是：新建一個簡單的action類和一個簡單的jsp頁面，測試從jsp頁面發送請求，看是否在控制檯正確的打印了相關信息。action類的代碼如下：

package com.mys2sh.action;

import java.util.Map;

import com.mys2sh.dao.BookDao;

public class QueryAction {
    private String name;
    private BookDao book;

    public BookDao getBook() {
        return book;
    }
    public void setBook(BookDao book) {
        this.book = book;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    private Map<String,Integer> result;
    public Map<String, Integer> getResult() {
        return result;
    }
    public void setResult(Map<String, Integer> result) {
        this.result = result;
    }

    public String execute() throws Exception{
        try {
            System.out.println("name=" + name);
            Map<String,Integer> books = book.getBooks(name);
            if(books.isEmpty()){
                System.out.println("%%%%%%%No item!%%%%%%%%%%%%%");
            }
            else{
                setResult(books);
                System.out.println("%%%%%%%success!%%%%%%%%%%%%%"); 
            }

            return "success";
        }
        catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("%%%%%%%error!%%%%%%%%%%%%%");
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "error";
        }

    }
}

上面的action類依賴了BookDao類，如下：

package com.mys2sh.dao;

import java.util.*;
public class BookDao {
    private static Map<String, Integer> books = new LinkedHashMap<String, Integer>();
    static{
        books.put("book1", 79);
        books.put("book2", 20);
        books.put("book3", 34);
        books.put("book4", 65);
        books.put("book5", 55);
        books.put("book6", 77);
        books.put("book7", 17);
    }

    public static Map<String, Integer> getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public static void setBooks(Map<String, Integer> books) {
        BookDao.books = books;
    }

    public Map<String,Integer> getBooks(String name){
        Map<String,Integer> books = new LinkedHashMap<String, Integer>();
        for(Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry:BookDao.books.entrySet() ){
             if(entry.getKey().toLowerCase().contains(name.toLowerCase())){
                 books.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
             }
        }
        return books;

    }
}

配置struts.xml文件，要爲每一個action配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>  
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC  
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"  
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">  

<struts>  
    <package name="default" extends="struts-default">  
        <action name = "query" class = "com.mys2sh.action.queryAction">
            <result name = "success">/success.jsp</result>
            <result name = "error">/error.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>  

</struts>

jsp頁面的代碼如下：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="query.action?name="book1">query</a>
</body>
</html>

三、部署Spring

（一）導入jar包
因爲只和Struts2整合，所以只需導入spring4.2.4-core和spring4.2.4-web中的jar包，導包過程不贅述。
（二）配置applicationContext.xml
Spring框架的作用，就是通過依賴注入的方式爲web項目中的各種類創建實例對象，而applicationContext.xml文件指定了實例對象的屬性，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">

    <bean id="bookdao" class="com.mys2sh.dao.BookDao"></bean>
    <bean id="queryAction" class="com.mys2sh.action.QueryAction">
        <property name="book" ref="bookdao"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

（三）修改配置文件
需要修改兩個配置文件：web.xml和struts.xml文件。
修改web.xml文件是在其中添加Spring的監聽器，修改後的web.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>mys2sh</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>

    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

  </welcome-file-list>

    <filter>  
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>  
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>  
  </filter>  

  <filter-mapping>  
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>  
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
  </filter-mapping>  

  <context-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext*.xml,classpath*:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

</web-app>

修改struts.xml文件是修改action標籤的class屬性，修改後的struts.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>  
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC  
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"  
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">  

<struts>  
    <package name="default" extends="struts-default">  
        <action name = "query" class = "queryAction">
            <result name = "success">/success.jsp</result>
            <result name = "error">/error.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>  

</struts>

（四）測試
測試和單獨測試struts時一樣，因爲只是換了一種方式獲取BookDao對象，不再贅述。

四、部署Hibernate

（一）導入jar包
將剩下的jar包全部導入即可，導包過程不贅述。
（二）配置文件
需要配置的文件有兩個，一個用於和數據庫中的表建立對應關係，我在這個練習中使用的是User.hbm.xml；另一個用於和數據庫建立連接，這裏交給Spring框架，修改applicationContext.xml文件即可。

配置User.hbm.xml文件，如下：

<?xml version ="1.0"?> 
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC  
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"   
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">   
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.mys2sh.vo.UserVo" table="t_user">
        <!-- 主鍵 -->
        <id name="userid" column="userid" type="int" />
        <property name="name" column="name" type="text" />
        <property name="password" column="password" type="text" />
        <property name="email" column="email" type="text" />
        <property name="mobile" column="mobile" type="text" />
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

修改applicationContext.xml文件是增加了對數據庫的配置和利用aop進行數據庫事務的管理，修改後的applicationContext.xml文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
        destroy-method="close">
        <!-- 指定連接數據庫的驅動 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <!-- 指定連接數據庫的URL -->
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mys2sh" />
        <!-- 指定連接數據庫的用戶名 -->
        <property name="user" value="root" />
        <!-- 指定連接數據庫的密碼 -->
        <property name="password" value="Urie_308" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource">
            <ref bean="dataSource" />
        </property>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.connection.autocommit">true </prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="sql_format">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <property name="mappingResources">
            <!-- 指定hibernate映射文件 -->
            <list>
                <value>/User.hbm.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>  
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事務管理 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">  
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  
    <tx:advice id="advice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">  
        <tx:attributes>  
            <tx:method name="create*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>  
            <tx:method name="query*" read-only="true"/>  
        </tx:attributes>  
    </tx:advice>  
    <aop:config>  
        <!-- 配置哪些包的類要切入事務 -->  
        <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.mys2sh.dao.impl.*.*(..))" />  
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="advice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/><!-- 連接了<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">上</span>面的advice和上面的pointcut -->  
        <!-- aop:pointcut要寫在aop:advisor上面，否則會報錯 -->  
     </aop:config> 



    <bean id="user" class="com.mys2sh.vo.UserVo">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.mys2sh.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
        <property name="user" ref="user"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userAction" class="com.mys2sh.action.UserAction">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="bookdao" class="com.mys2sh.dao.BookDao"></bean>
    <bean id="queryAction" class="com.mys2sh.action.QueryAction">
        <property name="book" ref="bookdao"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

（三）測試
爲了測試，修改了struts.xml文件的內容，最後的struts.xml文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>  
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC  
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"  
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">  

<struts>  
    <package name="default" extends="struts-default">  
        <action name = "query" class = "queryAction">
            <result name = "success">/success.jsp</result>
            <result name = "error">/error.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="user" class="userAction" method="createUser">
            <result name="SUCCESS">/success.jsp</result>
            <result name="ERROR">/error.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="queryuser" class="userAction" method="queryUser">
            <result name="SUCCESS">/success.jsp</result>
            <result name="ERROR">/error.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>  

</struts>

測試用到的Java類如下：
UserVo類

package com.mys2sh.vo;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

public class UserVo {
    private String name;
    private String password;
    private String email;
    private String mobile;
    private int userid;
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        return sessionFactory;
    }
    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }
    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
    public String getMobile() {
        return mobile;
    }
    public void setMobile(String mobile) {
        this.mobile = mobile;
    }
    public int getUserid() {
        return userid;
    }
    public void setUserid(int userid) {
        this.userid = userid;
    }

}

UserDao接口

package com.mys2sh.dao;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import com.mys2sh.vo.UserVo;

public interface UserDao {
    public UserVo getUser(String name);
    public UserVo createUser(String name,String password);
    public List<UserVo> query();
}

UserDaoImpl類

package com.mys2sh.dao.impl;


import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import com.mys2sh.dao.UserDao;
import com.mys2sh.vo.UserVo;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    private UserVo user;
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;


    public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
    }

    public Session getSession(){

        return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();

    }
    public UserVo getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(UserVo user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    @Override
    public UserVo getUser(String name) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return this.user;
    }

    //這個方法當沒看到吧，太久沒寫Java代碼，把事務、session什麼的都忘了
    @Override
    public UserVo createUser(String name, String password) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        user.setName(name);
        user.setPassword(password);
        return user;
    }

    @Override
    public List<UserVo> query() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String hql = "from UserVo";
        getSession().createQuery(hql);
        Query query = getSession().createQuery(hql);
        List<UserVo> userList = query.list();
        return userList;
    }

}

UserAction類

package com.mys2sh.action;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import com.mys2sh.dao.UserDao;
import com.mys2sh.vo.UserVo;

public class UserAction {
    private UserDao userDao;
    private String name;
    private String password;


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public UserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public String createUser(){
        UserVo user = userDao.createUser(name, password);
        if(user.getName() == name){
            return "SUCCESS";
        }
        return "ERROR";
    }
    public String queryUser(){
        List<UserVo> userList = userDao.query();
        Iterator<UserVo> users = userList.iterator();
        while(users.hasNext()){
            UserVo user1 = users.next();
            System.out.println(user1.getName() + "---------" + "password:" + user1.getPassword());
        }
        if(!userList.isEmpty()){

            return "SUCCESS";
        }

        return "ERROR";
    }
}

測試的頁面代碼如下：
index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="queryuser.action">query</a>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p>Success!</p>
</body>
</html>

error.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Error!</p>
</body>
</html>

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