實現的原理:
1. 利用Zookeeper瞬時有序節點的特性
2. 多線程併發創建瞬時節點時,得到有序的序列
3. 序號最小線程獲取鎖
4. 其它線程監聽自己序號的前一個序號
5. 前一個線程執行完成,刪除自己序號的節點
6. 下一個序號的線程得到通知,繼續執行
一.zookeeper鎖的實現
zk 分佈式鎖，其實可以做的比較簡單，就是某個節點嘗試創建臨時 znode，此時創建成功了就獲取了這個鎖；這個時候別的客戶端來創建鎖會失敗，只能註冊個監聽器監聽這個鎖。釋放鎖就是刪除這個 znode，一旦釋放掉就會通知客戶端，然後有一個等待着的客戶端就可以再次重新加鎖。
public class ZooKeeperSession {
private static CountDownLatch connectedSemaphore = new CountDownLatch(1);
private ZooKeeper zookeeper;
private CountDownLatch latch;
public ZooKeeperSession() {
try {
this.zookeeper = new ZooKeeper("192.168.31.187:2181,192.168.31.19:2181,192.168.31.227:2181", 50000, new ZooKeeperWatcher());
try {
connectedSemaphore.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("ZooKeeper session established......");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 獲取分佈式鎖
*
* @param productId
*/
public Boolean acquireDistributedLock(Long productId) {
String path = "/product-lock-" + productId;
try {
zookeeper.create(path, "".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
while (true) {
try {
// 相當於是給node註冊一個監聽器，去看看這個監聽器是否存在
Stat stat = zk.exists(path, true);
if (stat != null) {
this.latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
this.latch.await(waitTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
this.latch = null;
}
zookeeper.create(path, "".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL);
return true;
} catch (Exception ee) {
continue;
}
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 釋放掉一個分佈式鎖
*
* @param productId
*/
public void releaseDistributedLock(Long productId) {
String path = "/product-lock-" + productId;
try {
zookeeper.delete(path, -1);
System.out.println("release the lock for product[id=" + productId + "]......");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 建立zk session的watcher
*/
private class ZooKeeperWatcher implements Watcher {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
System.out.println("Receive watched event: " + event.getState());
if (KeeperState.SyncConnected == event.getState()) {
connectedSemaphore.countDown();
}
if (this.latch != null) {
this.latch.countDown();
}
}
}
/**
* 封裝單例的靜態內部類
*
* @author bingo
* @since 2018/11/29
*
*/
private static class Singleton {
private static ZooKeeperSession instance;
static {
instance = new ZooKeeperSession();
}
public static ZooKeeperSession getInstance() {
return instance;
}
}
/**
* 獲取單例
*
* @return
*/
public static ZooKeeperSession getInstance() {
return Singleton.getInstance();
}
/**
* 初始化單例的便捷方法
*/
public static void init() {
getInstance();
}
}
也可以採用另一種方式，創建臨時順序節點：
如果有一把鎖，被多個人給競爭，此時多個人會排隊，第一個拿到鎖的人會執行，然後釋放鎖；後面的每個人都會去監聽排在自己前面的那個人創建的 node 上，一旦某個人釋放了鎖，排在自己後面的人就會被 zookeeper 給通知，一旦被通知了之後，就 ok 了，自己就獲取到了鎖，就可以執行代碼了。
public class ZooKeeperDistributedLock implements Watcher {
private ZooKeeper zk;
private String locksRoot = "/locks";
private String productId;
private String waitNode;
private String lockNode;
private CountDownLatch latch;
private CountDownLatch connectedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
private int sessionTimeout = 30000;
public ZooKeeperDistributedLock(String productId) {
this.productId = productId;
try {
String address = "192.168.31.187:2181,192.168.31.19:2181,192.168.31.227:2181";
zk = new ZooKeeper(address, sessionTimeout, this);
connectedLatch.await();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new LockException(e);
} catch (KeeperException e) {
throw new LockException(e);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new LockException(e);
}
}
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
if (event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
connectedLatch.countDown();
return;
}
if (this.latch != null) {
this.latch.countDown();
}
}
public void acquireDistributedLock() {
try {
if (this.tryLock()) {
return;
} else {
waitForLock(waitNode, sessionTimeout);
}
} catch (KeeperException e) {
throw new LockException(e);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new LockException(e);
}
}
public boolean tryLock() {
try {
// 傳入進去的locksRoot + “/” + productId
// 假設productId代表了一個商品id，比如說1
// locksRoot = locks
// /locks/10000000000，/locks/10000000001，/locks/10000000002
lockNode = zk.create(locksRoot + "/" + productId, new byte[0], ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
// 看看剛創建的節點是不是最小的節點
// locks：10000000000，10000000001，10000000002
List<String> locks = zk.getChildren(locksRoot, false);
Collections.sort(locks);
if(lockNode.equals(locksRoot+"/"+ locks.get(0))){
//如果是最小的節點,則表示取得鎖
return true;
}
//如果不是最小的節點，找到比自己小1的節點
int previousLockIndex = -1;
for(int i = 0; i < locks.size(); i++) {
if(lockNode.equals(locksRoot + “/” + locks.get(i))) {
previousLockIndex = i - 1;
break;
}
}
this.waitNode = locks.get(previousLockIndex);
} catch (KeeperException e) {
throw new LockException(e);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new LockException(e);
}
return false;
}
private boolean waitForLock(String waitNode, long waitTime) throws InterruptedException, KeeperException {
Stat stat = zk.exists(locksRoot + "/" + waitNode, true);
if (stat != null) {
this.latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
this.latch.await(waitTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
this.latch = null;
}
return true;
}
public void unlock() {
try {
// 刪除/locks/10000000000節點
// 刪除/locks/10000000001節點
System.out.println("unlock " + lockNode);
zk.delete(lockNode, -1);
lockNode = null;
zk.close();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeeperException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public class LockException extends RuntimeException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public LockException(String e) {
super(e);
}
public LockException(Exception e) {
super(e);
}
}
}
二.redis 分佈式鎖和 zk 分佈式鎖的對比
- redis 分佈式鎖，其實需要自己不斷去嘗試獲取鎖，比較消耗性能。
- zk 分佈式鎖，獲取不到鎖，註冊個監聽器即可，不需要不斷主動嘗試獲取鎖，性能開銷較小。
- 如果是 redis 獲取鎖的那個客戶端 出現 bug 掛了，那麼只能等待超時時間之後才能釋放鎖；而 zk 的話，因爲創建的是臨時 znode，只要客戶端掛了，znode 就沒了，此時就自動釋放鎖。