Ingress实现虚拟主机和https代理访问

Ingress实现虚拟主机

虚拟主机，也叫“网站空间”，就是把一台运行在互联网上的物理服务器划分成多个“虚拟”服务器。虚拟主机技术极大的促进了网络技术的应用和普及。同时虚拟主机的租用服务也成了网络时代的一种新型经济形式

1、首先确定要运行Ingress-nginx-controller服务

[root@master ~]# kubectl  get pod -n ingress-nginx 
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-ingress-controller-5954d475b6-ktpf9   1/1     Running   1          43h

2、将Ingress-nginx-controller暴露为一个service资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl  get svc -n ingress-nginx 
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.100.97.246   <none>        80:32007/TCP,443:30741/TCP   43h

3、创建一个Deployment资源和一个Service资源，并相互关联

[root@master ~]# vim  deploy1.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deploy1
spec:
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app:  nginx1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx1
        image:  nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: svc-1
spec:
  selector:
    app:  nginx1
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
[root@master ~]# kubectl  apply  -f  deploy1.yaml 
deployment.extensions/deploy1 created
service/svc-1 created

[root@master ~]# kubectl  get  pod 
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
deploy1-7df6778547-v6ww9   1/1     Running   0          2m33s
deploy1-7df6778547-vkvwf   1/1     Running   0          2m33s
[root@master ~]# kubectl  get svc
NAME           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes     ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP        52d
svc-1          ClusterIP   10.109.213.247   <none>        80/TCP         3m17s

4、创建另外“一对”服务（delpoy2.yaml和svc-2）

[root@master ~]# vim  deploy2.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deploy2
spec:
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app:  nginx2
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx2
        image:  nginx   #这里没有更换镜像，使用相同的nginx镜像
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: svc-2
spec:
  selector:
    app:  nginx2
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
[root@master ~]# kubectl  apply  -f  deploy2.yaml 
deployment.extensions/deploy2 created
service/svc-2 created

[root@master ~]# kubectl  get pod
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
deploy2-7b6786d8bf-6xnjs   1/1     Running   0          19s
deploy2-7b6786d8bf-dvjqt   1/1     Running   0          19s
[root@master ~]# kubectl  get svc
NAME           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes     ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP        52d
svc-2          ClusterIP   10.106.67.155    <none>        80/TCP         24s

4、创建Ingress规则

[root@master ~]# vim  ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-1
spec:
  rules:
    - host: www1.bdqn.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            serviceName:  svc-1
            servicePort:  80
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-2
spec:
  rules:
    - host: www2.bdqn.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            serviceName:  svc-2
            servicePort:  80
[root@master ~]# kubectl  apply  -f  ingress.yaml 
ingress.extensions/ingress-1 created
ingress.extensions/ingress-2 created

[root@master ~]# kubectl  describe  ingresses.  ingress-1
Rules:
  Host           Path  Backends
  ----           ----  --------
  www1.bdqn.com  
                 /   svc-1:80 (10.244.1.4:80,10.244.2.4:80)
[root@master ~]# kubectl  describe  ingresses.  ingress-1
Rules:
  Host           Path  Backends
  ----           ----  --------
  www2.bdqn.com  
                 /   svc-2:80 (10.244.1.5:80,10.244.2.5:80)
[root@master ~]# kubectl  get svc -n ingress-nginx 
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.100.97.246   <none>        80:32007/TCP,443:30741/TCP   43h

5、由于实验环境限制（这个域名是假的），所以自己用来模拟一个域名

在windows上添加域名解析：C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
192.168.1.70  www1.bdqn.com
192.168.1.70  www2.bdqn.com

Ingress资源实现https代理访问

在上面的操作中，实现了使用ingress-nginx为后端所有pod提供一个统一的入口，那么，有一个非常严肃的问题需要考虑，就是如何为我们的pod配置CA证书来实现HTTPS访问？在pod中直接配置CA么？那需要进行多少重复性的操作？而且，pod是随时可能被kubelet杀死再创建的。当然这些问题有很多解决方法，比如直接将CA配置到镜像中，但是这样又需要很多个CA证书。

这里有更简便的一种方法，就拿上面的情况来说，后端有多个pod，pod与service进行关联，service又被ingress规则发现并动态写入到ingress-nginx-controller容器中，然后又为ingress-nginx-controller创建了一个Service映射到群集节点上的端口，来供client来访问。

在上面的一系列流程中，关键的点就在于Ingress规则，我们只需要在Ingress的yaml文件中，为域名配置CA证书即可，只要可以通过HTTPS访问到域名，至于这个域名是怎么关联到后端提供服务的pod，这就是属于k8s群集内部的通信了，即便是使用http来通信，也无伤大雅

1、生成一个证书：

[root@master ~]# mkdir  https
[root@master ~]# cd  https
[root@master https]# openssl  req  -x509  -sha256  -nodes  -days  365  -newkey  rsa:2048  -keyout  tls.key  -out  tls.crt  -subj  "/CN=testsvc  /0=testsvc"
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................................................................+++
............+++
writing new private key to 'tls.key'
-----
Subject Attribute 0 has no known NID, skipped
[root@master https]# ls
tls.crt  tls.key

2、创建secret资源，保存证书：

[root@master https]# kubectl create secret tls tls-secret --key=tls.key --cert tls.crt
secret/tls-secret created

3、创建一个Deployment资源对象，用来模拟web服务

[root@master https]# vim  deploy3.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deploy3
spec:
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app:  nginx3
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx3
        image:  nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: svc-3
spec:
  selector:
    app:  nginx3
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
[root@master https]# kubectl  apply  -f  deploy3.yaml
deployment.extensions/deploy3 created
service/svc-3 created

[root@master https]# kubectl  get pod
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
deploy3-5c545fcc5f-4n9bw   1/1     Running   0          17s
deploy3-5c545fcc5f-7b4g2   1/1     Running   0          17s
[root@master https]# kubectl  get  svc
NAME           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes     ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP        52d
svc-3          ClusterIP   10.97.212.56     <none>        80/TCP         22m
[root@master https]# curl -I  10.97.212.56
HTTP/1.1 200 OK

4、创建对应的Ingress规则

[root@master https]# vim  ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-3
spec:
  tls:  #引用CA证书
    - hosts:
      - www3.bdqn.com
      secretName: tls-secret
  rules:
    - host:  www3.bdqn.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            serviceName:  svc-3
            servicePort:  80
[root@master https]# kubectl  apply  -f  ingress.yaml 
ingress.extensions/ingress-3 created
//同样，添加域名解析
192.168.1.70  www3.bdqn.com

5、查找对应service-NodePort的443端口映射的端口，直接用浏览器访问即可

[root@master https]# kubectl  get svc -n ingress-nginx 
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.100.97.246   <none>        80:32007/TCP,443:30741/TCP   44h

通过浏览器访问：https://www3.bdqn.com:30741