LNMP環境的基礎搭建，即Linux、Nginx、MySQL、PHP環境
注意：#用“//---//” 標記的部分不要。
參考內容：
lnmp環境搭建完全手冊(四)——lnmp搭建(源碼安裝)
http://blog.csdn.net/stuartjing/article/details/8124491
nginx的安裝
http://www.cnblogs.com/kingtigerhu/articles/2271270.html
nginx php-fpm安裝配置
http://linux.it.net.cn/e/server/nginx/2014/1208/9850.html
#查看linux版本
[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 5.5 (Final)
Release: 5.5
Codename: Final
#嘗試用yum安裝nginx，結果沒有。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* base: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
addons | 1.9 kB 00:00
base | 1.1 kB 00:00
extras | 2.1 kB 00:00
updates | 1.9 kB 00:00
Setting up Install Process
No package nginx available.
Nothing to do
[root@localhost ~]#
nginx: Linux packages
http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#stable
選擇CentOS 5的stable version
[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/hgfs/sharefiles/nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
nginx-1.9.4.tar.gz nginx-release-centos-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost nginx]# rpm -ivh nginx-release-centos-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm
warning: nginx-release-centos-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 signature: NOKEY, key ID 7bd9bf62
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:nginx-release-centos ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost nginx]# which nginx
/usr/bin/which: no nginx in (/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin)
[root@localhost nginx]#
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ./configure
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# yum -y install pcre
Updated:
pcre.i386 0:6.6-9.el5
Complete!
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ./configure
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.
nginx的安裝
http://www.cnblogs.com/kingtigerhu/articles/2271270.html
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# yum -y install pcre-devel
Installed:
pcre-devel.i386 0:6.6-9.el5
Complete!
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# yum -y install openssl-devel
....
Dependency Updated:
e2fsprogs.i386 0:1.39-37.el5
e2fsprogs-libs.i386 0:1.39-37.el5
krb5-libs.i386 0:1.6.1-80.el5_11
krb5-workstation.i386 0:1.6.1-80.el5_11
libselinux.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5
libselinux-python.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5
libselinux-utils.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5
openssl.i686 0:0.9.8e-36.0.1.el5_11
zlib.i386 0:1.2.3-7.el5
Complete!
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ls
auto CHANGES.ru configure html Makefile objs src
CHANGES conf contrib LICENSE man README
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# make
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# make install
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ls /usr/local/nginx/
conf html logs sbin
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# netstat -antlp | grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12310/nginx
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 3804/sshd
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]#
#瀏覽器
http://127.0.0.1
網頁顯示：
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
[root@localhost /]# yum install mysql-server php php-devel php-mysql
Installed:
mysql-server.i386 0:5.0.95-5.el5_9 php.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
php-devel.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 php-mysql.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
Dependency Installed:
mysql.i386 0:5.0.95-5.el5_9 perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:3.0007-2.el5
perl-DBI.i386 0:1.52-2.el5 php-cli.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
php-common.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 php-pdo.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
Complete!
#首次啓動mysql
[root@localhost /]# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
[ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
#mysql數據庫端口
[root@localhost /]# netstat -antlp ¦ grep 3306
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17863/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3565/portmap
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12310/nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:821 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3607/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3813/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3914/sendmail: acce
tcp 0 1 192.168.3.151:38521 74.125.203.190:443 SYN_SENT 12368/firefox
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 3804/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.3.151:22 ::ffff:192.168.3.10:55532 ESTABLISHED 4672/1
#查看nginx配置
[root@localhost /]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#配置主機名
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.3.151 localhost.localdomain localhost
~
~
"/etc/hosts" 8L, 238C written
[root@localhost /]#
#重啓nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
#重啓nginx失敗了，只好重啓linux
[root@localhost /]# reboot
[root@localhost /]#
#先檢查一下是否有問題
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
//-----------------------------------------------------------------//
#編寫nginx的啓動腳本，並加入系統服務
#這個文件後來刪掉了，因爲發現隨系統啓動後，stop失敗，也無法重啓。只能reboot系統纔行。
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/init.d/nginx
編寫nginx的啓動腳本，並加入系統服務
vi /etc/init.d/nginx寫入以下內容：
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/var/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload(){
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart(){
stop
start
}
configtest(){
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
保存後，更改/etc/init.d/nginx的權限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
//-----------------------------------------------------------------//
#啓動nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start
Starting Nginx: [ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antlp | grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4724/nginx.conf
#如果啓動不了，請到/usr/local/nginx/logs/目錄下查看nginx_error.log這個日誌文件。若是沒有這個日誌文件，很有可能是那個目錄沒有寫權限，請執行
chmod +w /usr/local/nginx/logs/
service nginx restart
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +w /usr/local/nginx/logs/
//-----------------------------------------------------------------//
#發現問題，nginx啓動後網頁無法訪問
#關鍵文件要備份啊，幸好我有個備份nginx (copy).conf，後來是採用還原nginx.conf這個文件，nginx就恢復了。
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# cat error.log
#解決 connect() to unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) 問題
[root@localhost local]# yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make
[root@localhost local]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ glibc
[root@localhost local]# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel libxslt-devel \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel \
ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel \
krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-deve
#php版本
[root@localhost sharefiles]# php -v
PHP 5.1.6 (cli) (built: Nov 6 2014 12:25:33)
Copyright (c) 1997-2006 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2006 Zend Technologies
#想打個補丁，不過失敗了
[root@localhost sharefiles]# gzip -cd php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
//-----------------------------------------------------------------//
php-fpm介紹及配置
http://blog.csdn.net/tonyxf121/article/details/7869187
#php-fpm配置
從php5.3.3版本開始就已經集成了fpm，不再是第三方的包了，如果使用的是php5.3.3以前的版本就得自己去安裝fpm包了，對於php5.2.x的版本，fpm的配置文件還是xml格式，php5.3.x開始fpm配置文件
就已經支持ini格式了。
tar用法：
.tar.gz 格式解壓爲 tar -zxvf xx.tar.gz
.tar.bz2 格式解壓爲 tar -jxvf xx.tar.bz2
[root@localhost local]#
#不打升級包了，直接更新php
[root@localhost sharefiles]# tar -jxvf php-5.6.13.tar.bz2
[root@localhost sharefiles]#ls
[root@localhost sharefiles]#cd php-5.6.13
#一開始我是用./configure 和 make && make install安裝，後來發現不行。
#./configure 後面一定要帶參數
[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# mkdir /etc/php /etc/php5.d
[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php
[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt \
--enable-mbstring --disable-pdo --with-curl --disable-debug --disable-rpath \
--enable-inline-optimization --with-bz2 --with-zlib --enable-sockets \
--enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-pcntl --enable-mbregex \
--with-mhash --enable-zip --with-pcre-regex --with-mysql --with-mysqli \
--with-gd --with-jpeg-dir
[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# make all install
nginx 服務器重啓命令，關閉
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-24960107-id-341855.html
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
client_body_temp fastcgi_temp logs sbin uwsgi_temp
conf html proxy_temp scgi_temp
[root@localhost nginx]# cd sbin
[root@localhost sbin]# ls
nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# netstat -antlp ¦ grep 80
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3564/portmap
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4339/nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:820 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3606/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3812/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3912/sendmail: acce
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 3803/sshd
tcp 0 596 ::ffff:192.168.3.151:22 ::ffff:192.168.3.10:52560 ESTABLISHED 4293/1
#停止niginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s stop
#
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
下面是對php-fpm運行用戶進行設置
cd /usr/local/php
cp etc/php-fpm.conf.default etc/php-fpm.conf
vi etc/php-fpm.conf
修改
user = oracle
group = oracle
如果oracle用戶不存在，那麼先添加oracle用戶
groupadd oracle
useradd -g oracle oracle
修改nginx配置文件以支持php-fpm
nginx安裝完成後，修改nginx配置文件爲：nginx.conf
其中server段增加如下配置，注意標紅內容配置，否則會出現No input file specified.錯誤
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
#以防以後忘記了，這裏把server這段內容貼出來
##開始
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm; （這裏漏了加index.php，不過php頁面也正確顯示出來了。）
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
##結束
啓動php-fpm和nginx
#重啓nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# ./sbin/nginx -s stop
[root@localhost nginx]# ./sbin/nginx
#找php-fpm目錄
[root@localhost php]# ls
bin etc include lib man php php.ini sbin var
[root@localhost php]# cd /usr/local/php/
[root@localhost php]# ls
bin etc include lib man php php.ini sbin var
[root@localhost php]# cd sbin/
[root@localhost sbin]# ls
php-fpm
#啓動php-fpm
[root@localhost sbin]# ./php-fpm
[root@localhost sbin]#
瀏覽器：http://127.0.0.1/index.php
頁面顯示：PHP Version 5.6.13
mysql 的設置和LAMP中的設置一樣，設置用戶密碼，刪除匿名用戶。
測試PHP與mysql連接。
這裏就不再重複了。
不過以後要記得LNMP需要啓動的服務：
./nginx
./php-fpm
/etc/init.d/mysqld start (mysql登錄： mysql -u root)
結束測試：
[root@localhost ~]# halt
Broadcast message from root (pts/4) (Fri Sep 11 06:48:59 2015):
The system is going down for system halt NOW!
總結：
1. 手動啓服務
#啓動mysql
[root@localhost /]# service mysqld start
#nginx啓動
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
#停止niginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s stop
#啓動php-fpm
[root@localhost sbin]# ./php-fpm
2.檢查nginx
#檢查nginx是否有問題
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
3.配置文件：
nginx配置文件：/etc/init.d/nginx
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
本文只是簡單搭建了一個測試環境。如果需要用好nginx還需要不斷學習和研究。
詳解Nginx配置文件結構
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92594.htm
#nginx啓動
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
#停止niginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s stop
#啓動php-fpm
[root@localhost sbin]# ./php-fpm
#啓動mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start