文章目錄
一、系統啓動一般流程
1.1 Windows
1.2 Linux
1.2.1 Linux簡單驅動程序框架
- GPIO舉例
二、S3C2440內部資源
- 內核:ARM920T
- 16/32位RICS體系結構
外設 |
---|
1個LCD控制器( 支持STN和TFT的液晶顯示屏) |
SDRAM控制器 |
SD接口 |
MMC卡接口 |
看門狗計數器 |
117位通用/O口 |
24位外部中斷源 |
4個具有PWM功能的計定時器和1個內部時鐘 |
3個通道的UART |
4個通道的DMA |
I2C總線接口 |
2個USB主機接口 |
1個USB設備接口 |
2個SPI接口 |
8通道10位AD控制器 |
三、命令入門
3.1 終端Teminal
-
Ctrl+Alt+T
啓動 -
查看環境變量路徑
echo $PATH
-
設置PATH環境變量添加我們自己的目錄:
exprot PATH=$PATH:/my/dir
-
文件設置可執行權限:
chomd +x 文件名
3.2 Linux命令提示符
~
表示家目錄$
表示普通用戶#
表示root管理員
3.3 Linux命令的格式
- 命令 [選項] [參數]
eg:
ls
ls -l
ls -l /home
3.4 常見命令含義
pwd
- 打印當前所在路徑(
print working directory
)
- 打印當前所在路徑(
cd
- 切換路徑(
change directory
)- cd ~ 切換至當前用戶的家目錄
- cd . 切換至當前路徑
- cd … 切換至上一級路徑
- cd …/… 切換至上上級路徑
- cd - 切換至上一次路徑
- 切換路徑(
ls
- 列出目錄內容(
list
)- -l(long的縮寫)顯示目錄下詳細的信息(文件權限、最後修改時間、文件大小)
- -a(all的縮寫)顯示了隱藏文件(以.爲開頭爲隱藏文件)
- -h(human-able的縮寫)將文件大小以K(KB)、M(MB)、G(GB)來表示
- 列出目錄內容(
mkdir
- 創建目錄(
make directory
)- mkdir dir0 創建dir0這個目錄
- mkdir -p 父目錄/子目錄
- 創建目錄(
rmdir
- 刪除目錄(
remove directory
)- 不能刪除非空目錄
- rm -r 即可刪除非空目錄(-r爲遞歸刪除的含義:意思是刪除當前目錄下所有文件和文件夾)
- 刪除目錄(
mv
- 重命名/移動(
move
) - mv 舊文件名 新文件名(修改文件名)
- mv 舊目錄名 新目錄名(修改目錄名)
- mv 文件名 目錄名(移動路徑)
- 重命名/移動(
touch
- 新建文件
cp
- 複製(
copy
)- cp -r dir1 dir2 複製dir1目錄下所有內容至dir2(-r參數爲遞歸複製)
- 複製(
rm
- 刪除文件(
remove
)- rm -i file 刪除文件file前,要求你是否同意刪除(y表示同意,n表示取消)
- rm -r dir 刪除整個dir目錄
- rm -ir dir 刪除目錄dir前,要求你是否同意刪除其中的每一個文件(每次都會詢問)
- 刪除文件(
cat
- 查看(
catenate
)- cat -n file 以顯示行號的方式輸出
- 查看(
clear
- 刷新屏幕(保留歷史命令記錄)
-
reset
- 重新初始化屏幕(清除歷史命令記錄)
-
man
- 手冊、幫助(
manual
) - man man 查看man命令含義
- man 2 open 查看open庫函數含義
- 1 可執行程序或 shell 命令
2 系統調用(內核提供的函數)
3 庫調用(程序庫中的函數)
4 特殊文件(通常位於 /dev)
5 文件格式和規範,如 /etc/passwd
6 遊戲
7 雜項(包括宏包和規範,如 man(7),groff(7))
8 系統管理命令(通常只針對 root 用戶)
9 內核例程
- 1 可執行程序或 shell 命令
- 手冊、幫助(
wc
- 統計(
word count
) - 統計(行數、字數、大小)
- 統計(
ps
- 進程狀態查看(processes status )
- ps -aux
kill
- 關閉進程(kill後接 進程PID號)
uname
- 查看系統名稱(unix name)
3.5 rm -rf /*的含義
rm -rf /*
Linux的目錄是使用 / 之類的目錄形式存放,rm 是Linux的刪除命令,後面帶的“-rf”,"-r"指的是 遞歸刪除(意思是刪除當前目錄下所有文件和文件夾),而“-f”指的是 強制刪除 。後方的/*指的是 根目錄“/”下的所有文件。即刪除根目錄下所有內容。
3.6 相對/絕對路徑
- /home/pi 是絕對路徑
- 相對路徑一般以.或…構成
- 當前路徑爲/bin,./pwd就是直接執行pwd程序
- 當前路徑爲/home/pi/Picture,輸入cd …/Music 切換至/home/pi/Music
四、附錄:常見Linux命令英文全稱
linux 命令英文全稱
su:Swith user 切換用戶,切換到root用戶
cat: Concatenate 串聯
uname: Unix name 系統名稱
df: Disk free 空餘硬盤
du: Disk usage 硬盤使用率
chown: Change owner 改變所有者
chgrp: Change group 改變用戶組
ps:Process Status 進程狀態
tar:Tape archive 解壓文件
chmod: Change mode 改變模式
umount: Unmount 卸載
ldd:List dynamic dependencies 列出動態相依
insmod:Install module 安裝模塊
rmmod:Remove module 刪除模塊
lsmod:List module 列表模塊
alias :Create your own name for a command
bash :GNU Bourne-Again Shell linux內核
grep:global regular expression print
httpd :Start Apache
ipcalc :Calculate IP information for a host
ping :Send ICMP ECHO_Request to network hosts
reboot: Restart your computer
sudo:Superuser do
/bin = BINaries
/dev = DEVices
/etc = ETCetera
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = PROCesses
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = TeMPorary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = VARiable ?
FIFO = First In, First Out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS = Internal Field Seperators
LILO = LInux LOader
MySQL = My最初作者的名字SQL = Structured Query Language
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
PS = Prompt String
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"
Python Monty Python's Flying Circus
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
VT = Video Terminal
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
apache = "a patchy" server
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
ar = archiver
as = assembler
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
bg = BackGround
cal = CALendar
cat = CATenate
cd = Change Directory
chgrp = CHange GRouP
chmod = CHange MODe
chown = CHange OWNer
chsh = CHange SHell
cmp = compare
cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
comm = common
cp = CoPy
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump
df = Disk Free
diff = DIFFerence
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute
fd = file descriptors
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe = Joe's Own Editor
ksh = Korn SHell
lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
ln = LiNk
lpr = Line PRint
ls = list
lsof = LiSt Open Files
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
man = MANual pages
mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = MaKe NODe
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
mv = MoVe
nano = Nano's ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
od = Octal Dump
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = pager
pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
ping = Packet InterNet Grouper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = PRINT Formatted
ps = Processes Status
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
pwd = Print Working Directory
rc = runcom = run command, shell
rev = REVerse
rm = ReMove
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
rsh, rlogin, = Remote
rxvt = ouR XVT
sed = Stream EDitor
seq = SEQuence
shar = SHell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure SHell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
su = Substitute User
svn = SubVersioN
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom's Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User's LIMIT
umask = User's MASK
uniq = UNIQue
vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
vim = Vi IMproved
wall = write all
wc = Word Count
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs = eXtended ARGuments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
yacc = yet another compiler compiler