linux fdisk命令 ,磁盤上添加刪除分區

  1. 硬盤分區的劃分標準 :主分區、擴展分區和邏輯分區
  2. 在一塊硬盤上,如果是MBR分區方式,那麼它的主分區最多隻能有4個,或者3個主分區和1個擴展分區;在擴展分區上我們可以創建多個邏輯分區
    分區編號:主分區1-4 ,邏輯分區5………
名稱 概念 最大數量 最小數量
主分區 主要是用來啓動操作系統的,它主要放的是操作系統的啓動或引導程序 MBR分區中,最多有4個主分區 4 1
邏輯分區 邏輯分區必須建立在擴展分區之上,而不是建立在主分區上,可建立多個 n 0
擴展分區 不能使用,它只是做爲邏輯分區的容器存在的;我們真正存放數據的是主分區和邏輯分區,大量數據都放在邏輯分區中 1 0

fdisk命令:

增加一個分區

  1. fdisk -l 查看系統上的分區信息
[root@fei ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes   //總計21.5G
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders   // 255個磁面,63個扇區,2610個磁柱
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   //每個磁柱容量
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005936c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1332    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1332        1593     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
  1. fdisk /dev/sda 對/dev/sda/進行分區
    磁盤分區表示:
    hda1 hda2 hdb1 hdb2……
    sda1 sda2 sdb1 sdb2……
    hd大多爲IDE硬盤 , sd大多爲SCSI或移動存儲
[root@fei ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help):

註釋 ://Command (m for help):

查看幫助信息:輸入m,看到如下信息

Command action 輸出幫助信息
a toggle a bootable flag 設置啓動信息
b edit bsd disklabel 編 輯分區標籤
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition 注:這是刪除一個分區的動作
l list known partition types 注:l是列出分區類型,以供我們設置相應分區的類型
m print this menu 注: m 是列出幫助信息;
n add a new partition 注:添加一個分區;
o create a new empty DOS partition table 創建一個新的DOS分區表
p print the partition table 注:p列出分區表;
q quit without saving changes 注:不保存退出
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition’s system id 注:t 改變分區類型 id
u change display/entry units 改變現實單位
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit 注:把分區表寫入硬盤並退出
x extra functionality (experts only) 注:擴展應用,專家功能

  • 選擇n 來添加一個分區
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended                             //e,擴展分區
   p   primary partition (1-4)        //p,主分區1-4
p
Selected partition 4                //因爲sda1-3已分,所有默認sda4
First cylinder (1593-2610, default 1593):    //磁柱開始位置,採用默認,直接回車
Using default value 1593                              //磁柱開始位置
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-2610, default 2610): +100M  //磁柱解釋位置,設置磁盤分區大小
Command (m for help): p             //查看一下當前磁盤信息

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005936c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1332    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1332        1593     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4            1593        1606      111459   83  Linux               //添加成功,sda4

Command (m for help): wq                                                //保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 設備或資源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
  1. partprobe 或者 partx -a /dev/sda 分區之後,讓內核更新分區信息,否則系統需要restart後,內核才能識別新的分區
  2. mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4 創建文件系統,格式化
[root@fei ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系統標籤=
操作系統:Linux
塊大小=1024 (log=0)
分塊大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3776 inodes, 15068 blocks
753 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一個數據塊=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=15466496
2 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1888 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        8193

正在寫入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (1024 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
  1. 將/dev/sda4 掛載
[root@fei ~]# mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
[root@fei ~]# df-h
-bash: df-h: command not found
[root@fei ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2       9.8G  1.4G  8.0G  15% /
tmpfs           931M     0  931M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       190M   35M  145M  20% /boot
/dev/sr0        3.7G  3.7G     0 100% /media
/dev/sda4        14M  130K   13M   2% /mnt     //已將/dev/sda4掛載

刪除一個分區

[root@fei ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): d                 //刪除一個分區
Partition number (1-4): 4                 //選擇刪除一個分區,如果刪除了擴展分區,擴展分區之下的邏輯分區都會刪除

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005936c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1332    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1332        1593     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
//sda4已經被刪除
Command (m for help): wq    //若之前有錯誤操作,只有不輸入w只輸入q退出即可
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