Linux安裝mysql以及遇到的問題解決辦法

話不多說，直接開幹：

1.mysql下載地址（這裏使用的是5.7.28）

官網地址：   https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
百度雲地址： https://pan.baidu.com/s/1kGXBgt1KP8UzD68iJ-jgFg
提取碼：href

2.解壓安裝包：tar -zxvf  mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

   改名： mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64   mysql-5.7.28

3.創建用戶組，用戶

   groupadd mysql

   useradd -r -g mysql mysql

4.創建mysql數據倉庫目錄

   mkdir mysql_data(目錄隨便，配置正確就好)

   我的路徑  basedir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.28

                   datadir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/

5.編輯my.cnf文件

   5.7版本後，mysql取消了此文件，這裏手動添加了一個

vi /etc/my.cnf   粘貼如下的內容

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10G

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
log_bin
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_bin
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.28
datadir = /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data
port = 3306
server_id = 22206
socket = /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/mysql.sock
binlog_format = statement
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
join_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
log_bin_trust_function_creators = on
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

lower_case_table_names=1

注意這三個參數：
basedir = /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.28 (mysql安裝路徑)
datadir = /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data (mysql數據倉庫)
socket = /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/mysql.sock (數據倉庫路徑下)

6.設置目錄訪問權限

mysql安裝目錄執行（注意有個點：代表所有文件）

    chown -R mysql .

    chgrp -R mysql .

    chown -R mysql  /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data（數據倉庫路徑）

7.配置參數

mysql安裝目錄執行（basedir、datadir對應修改）

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.28 --datadir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.28 --datadir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/

這裏八成會報錯：按照提示改就好   /etc/my.cnf at line 5  大多是沒有註釋完

再次執行 ：   bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.28 --datadir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/

成功後記錄一下這個臨時密碼，後面改密碼需要  ：4hwro%Z<6XBj

在mysql安裝路徑下繼續配置：
bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/

cp  support-files/mysql.server    /etc/init.d/mysql

vi /etc/init.d/mysql

• 修改 basedir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.28（安裝路徑）
• 修改 datadir=/home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/（數據倉庫）

7.啓動

/etc/init.d/mysql start（啓動）

mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p（如果如圖報錯）

執行：ln -s /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.28/bin/mysql      /usr/bin  (前面的地址安裝路徑，後面的地址可以不變)

然後再     mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p（重新登陸），如果報這個錯：

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’ (2)

mv 指令移動生成的.sock 和 .sock.lock 文件到/tmp （默認目錄）

生成的.sock 和 .sock.lock 在數據倉庫目錄裏面

mv /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/mysql.sock /tmp
mv /home/software/soft/mysql/mysql_data/mysql.sock.lock /tmp

mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p（再重新登陸，不出意外已經OK）

8.啓動後修改數據庫相關配置：

修改密碼(password(‘root’)) root 即爲密碼

mysql>      set password=password(‘root’);

設置root賬戶的host地址（修改了纔可以遠程連接）

賦權等：

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';

flush privileges;

 

此時 庫已經OK

做個校驗：

use mysql;

select host,user from user;

這裏就可以使用遠程連接測試了,如果連接不上，關閉防火牆；

Centos6.9

    （service iptables stop）
    永久關閉 chkconfig iptables off

Centos7

    設置開機啓用防火牆：systemctl enable firewalld.service
    設置開機禁用防火牆：systemctl disable firewalld.service
    啓動防火牆：systemctl start firewalld
    關閉防火牆：systemctl stop firewalld
    檢查防火牆狀態：systemctl status firewalld
9.配置mysql自動啓動

• chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
• chkconfig --add mysql
• chkconfig --level 345 mysql on

一切搞定，結束！