JAVA發送HttpClient請求及接收請求結果處理爲JSONOBJCET過程

http://blog.csdn.net/qianlong2hao/article/details/50175939

一.

1、寫一個HttpRequestUtils工具類，包括post請求和get請求

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package com.brainlong.framework.util.httpclient;   import net.sf.json.JSONObject; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;   import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URLDecoder;   public class HttpRequestUtils {     private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestUtils.class);    //日誌記錄       /**      * httpPost      * @param url  路徑      * @param jsonParam 參數      * @return      */     public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam){         return httpPost(url, jsonParam, false);     }       /**      * post請求      * @param url         url地址      * @param jsonParam     參數      * @param noNeedResponse    不需要返回結果      * @return      */     public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam, boolean noNeedResponse){         //post請求返回結果         DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();         JSONObject jsonResult = null;         HttpPost method = new HttpPost(url);         try {             if (null != jsonParam) {                 //解決中文亂碼問題                 StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(), "utf-8");                 entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");                 entity.setContentType("application/json");                 method.setEntity(entity);             }             HttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(method);             url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");             /**請求發送成功，並得到響應**/             if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {                 String str = "";                 try {                     /**讀取服務器返回過來的json字符串數據**/                     str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity());                     if (noNeedResponse) {                         return null;                     }                     /**把json字符串轉換成json對象**/                     jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(str);                 } catch (Exception e) {                     logger.error("post請求提交失敗:" + url, e);                 }             }         } catch (IOException e) {             logger.error("post請求提交失敗:" + url, e);         }         return jsonResult;     }         /**      * 發送get請求      * @param url    路徑      * @return      */     public static JSONObject httpGet(String url){         //get請求返回結果         JSONObject jsonResult = null;         try {             DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();             //發送get請求             HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);             HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);               /**請求發送成功，並得到響應**/             if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {                 /**讀取服務器返回過來的json字符串數據**/                 String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());                 /**把json字符串轉換成json對象**/                 jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(strResult);                 url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");             } else {                 logger.error("get請求提交失敗:" + url);             }         } catch (IOException e) {             logger.error("get請求提交失敗:" + url, e);         }         return jsonResult;     } }

2、寫業務代碼發送Http請求

3、MVC配置文件設置Controller掃描目錄

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<!-- 自動掃描且只掃描@Controller --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.wiselong.multichannel" use-default-filters="false">     <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan>

4、接收Http請求

    接收post請求

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@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/api/platform/exceptioncenter/exceptioninfo") public class ExceptionInfoController {     //注入     @Autowired     private ExceptionInfoBiz exceptionInfoBiz;       /**      * 創建異常信息請求      * @param requestBody 請求消息內容      * @param request 請求消息頭      * @return jsonObject      */     @RequestMapping(             value="/create",             method = RequestMethod.POST     )     public ModelAndView createExceptionInfo(@RequestBody String requestBody, HttpServletRequest request) {         JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(requestBody);         ComExceptionInfo comExceptionInfo = new ComExceptionInfo();         comExceptionInfo.setProjectName(jsonObject.getString("projectName"));         comExceptionInfo.setTagName(jsonObject.getString("tagName"));         exceptionInfoBiz.insert(comExceptionInfo);         //返回請求結果         JSONObject result= new JSONObject();         result.put("success", "true");         return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonSuccess(result.toString()));     }   }

接收get請求

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@Controller

@RequestMapping(value="/api/platform/messagecenter/messages/sms")

public class SmsController {

    @Autowired

    SmsSendBiz smsSendBiz;

 

    /**

     * 接收手機號碼和內容往短信發送表插入一條記錄

     * @param requestbody 請求消息內容

     * @param request 請求消息頭

     * @return jsonObject

     */

    @RequestMapping(

            value="/send",

            method= RequestMethod.GET

    )

    public ModelAndView sendSms(@RequestBody String requestbody, HttpServletRequest request) {

        //獲取請求URL及url後面傳輸的參數

        String url = request.getRequestURL() + "?" + request.getQueryString();

        url = BuildRequestUrl.decodeUrl(url);

        String telePhone = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "telePhone");

        String content = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "content");

        smsSendBiz.insertTtMsQuequ(telePhone,content);

        return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonResult("", true));

    }

}





二.

get 

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import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader;   import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;   public class H_client_get {     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //      new類對象         HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); //      使用 GET 方法 與URL服務器進行交互 //      HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/[email protected]&password=1234567&re_password=1234567&username=admin&nickname=管理員");         HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login.php?username="); //      使用 GET 方法 ，實行與url服務器連接         client.executeMethod(method); //      數據流輸出 //      method.getResponseBodyAsStream 創建字節流對象爲inputStream         InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream(); //      InputStreamReader(inputStream)字節流轉換成字符流    BufferedReader封裝成帶有緩衝的字符流對象了           BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8")); //      StringBuffer是字符串變量，它的對象是可以擴充和修改的       創建一個空的StringBuffer類的對象             StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(); //      定義字符串常量         String str= ""; //      br字符流賦值給str字符串常量  str不等於空 按行輸出         while((str = br.readLine()) != null){  //          StringBuffer 是字符串變量，它的對象是可以擴充和修改的  將str數據賦予 stringBuffer              stringBuffer .append(str );            }    //      按照字符串循環輸出stringBuffer         System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString()); //      關閉method 的 httpclient連接         method.releaseConnection();     } }

post

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import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader;   import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;   public class H_client_post {     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {         HttpClient client = new HttpClient();         PostMethod  method = new PostMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login_post.php");         //表單域的值,既post傳入的key=value         NameValuePair[] date = { new NameValuePair("username","admin"),new NameValuePair("password","123457")};         //method使用表單閾值         method.setRequestBody(date);         //提交表單         client.executeMethod(method);         //字符流轉字節流  循環輸出，同get解釋         InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();         BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8"));         StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();         String str= "";         while((str = br.readLine()) != null){              stringBuffer .append(str );            }              System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());         method.releaseConnection();     } }

三.

Http協議的重要性相信不用我多說了，HttpClient相比傳統JDK自帶的URLConnection，增加了易用性和靈活性（具體區別，日後我們再討論），它不僅是客戶端發送Http請求變得容易，而且也方便了開發人員測試接口（基於Http協議的），即提高了開發的效率，也方便提高代碼的健壯性。因此熟練掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修內容，掌握HttpClient後，相信對於Http協議的瞭解會更加深入。

一、簡介

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子項目，用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持HTTP協議的客戶端編程工具包，並且它支持HTTP協議最新的版本和建議。HttpClient已經應用在很多的項目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外兩個開源項目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。

下載地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi

二、特性

1. 基於標準、純淨的Java語言。實現了Http1.0和Http1.1

2. 以可擴展的面向對象的結構實現了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。

3. 支持HTTPS協議。

4. 通過Http代理建立透明的連接。

5. 利用CONNECT方法通過Http代理建立隧道的https連接。

6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos認證方案。

7. 插件式的自定義認證方案。

8. 便攜可靠的套接字工廠使它更容易的使用第三方解決方案。

9. 連接管理器支持多線程應用。支持設置最大連接數，同時支持設置每個主機的最大連接數，發現並關閉過期的連接。

10. 自動處理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。

11. 插件式的自定義Cookie策略。

12. Request的輸出流可以避免流中內容直接緩衝到socket服務器。

13. Response的輸入流可以有效的從socket服務器直接讀取相應內容。

14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久連接。

15. 直接獲取服務器發送的response code和 headers。

16. 設置連接超時的能力。

17. 實驗性的支持http1.1 response caching。

18. 源代碼基於Apache License 可免費獲取。

三、使用方法

使用HttpClient發送請求、接收響應很簡單，一般需要如下幾步即可。

1. 創建HttpClient對象。

2. 創建請求方法的實例，並指定請求URL。如果需要發送GET請求，創建HttpGet對象；如果需要發送POST請求，創建HttpPost對象。

3. 如果需要發送請求參數，可調用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法來添加請求參數；對於HttpPost對象而言，也可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。

4. 調用HttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求，該方法返回一個HttpResponse。

5. 調用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭；調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象，該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容。程序可通過該對象獲取服務器的響應內容。

6. 釋放連接。無論執行方法是否成功，都必須釋放連接

四、實例

package com.test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HttpClientTest {

    @Test
    public void jUnitTest() {
        get();
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient連接SSL
     */
    public void ssl() {
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
        try {
            KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
            FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
            try {
                // 加載keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
                trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
            } catch (CertificateException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    instream.close();
                } catch (Exception ignore) {
                }
            }
            // 相信自己的CA和所有自簽名的證書
            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
            // 只允許使用TLSv1協議
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
                    SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
            httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
            // 創建http請求(get方式)
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
            System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
            try {
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
                if (entity != null) {
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
                    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
                    EntityUtils.consume(entity);
                }
            } finally {
                response.close();
            }
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (httpclient != null) {
                try {
                    httpclient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * post方式提交表單（模擬用戶登錄請求）
     */
    public void postForm() {
        // 創建默認的httpClient實例.
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 創建httppost
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
        // 創建參數隊列
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
        try {
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
            try {
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                if (entity != null) {
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                }
            } finally {
                response.close();
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉連接,釋放資源
            try {
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 發送 post請求訪問本地應用並根據傳遞參數不同返回不同結果
     */
    public void post() {
        // 創建默認的httpClient實例.
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 創建httppost
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
        // 創建參數隊列
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
        try {
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
            try {
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                if (entity != null) {
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                }
            } finally {
                response.close();
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉連接,釋放資源
            try {
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 發送 get請求
     */
    public void get() {
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            // 創建httpget.
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
            System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
            // 執行get請求.
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
            try {
                // 獲取響應實體
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                // 打印響應狀態
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
                if (entity != null) {
                    // 打印響應內容長度
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
                    // 打印響應內容
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
                }
                System.out.println("------------------------------------");
            } finally {
                response.close();
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉連接,釋放資源
            try {
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 上傳文件
     */
    public void upload() {
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");

            FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
            StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);

            HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();

            httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);

            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
            try {
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
                if (resEntity != null) {
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
                }
                EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
            } finally {
                response.close();
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}</namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair>