前言
在之前的文章中我們有介紹過，如何更好、更簡單的寫好一個接口（接口返回值篇），今天的這篇文章我們主要介紹，怎麼統一處理下接口的返回格式問題。
問題分析
我們先來分析下我們所面臨的問題在哪裏，然後接着給出解決方案。在寫一個接口時，我們通常會先統一定義一下接口的返回格式是什麼，然後在跟前端去對接，通常的返回格式大體兩種(我們以保存用戶爲例)：
1. 成功/失敗響應格式不一致（此種方式作爲我們默認的接口響應方式）
保存用戶成功，響應體
{
"id": 10000,
"pwd": "123456",
"nickname": "小竹馬",
"img": "http://avatar.csdn.net/0/E/9/1_aiyaya_.jpg",
"status": "NORMAL",
"createTime": 1515075974540
}
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失敗響應體(下面的格式是spring boot默認的錯誤響應格式，只不過我們在其基礎上增加了一個code字段用於解釋更詳細的錯誤碼)
{
"status": 400,
"error": "Bad Request",
"message": "參數無效",
"code": 10001,
"path": "/zhuma-demo/users",
"exception": "org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException",
"errors": [
{
"fieldName": "status",
"message": "值是無效的"
}
],
"timestamp": 1515076067369
}
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2.成功/失敗響應體格式一致
保存用戶成功，響應體
{
"code": 1,
"msg": "成功",
"data": {
"id": 10000,
"pwd": "123456",
"nickname": "小竹馬",
"img": "http://avatar.csdn.net/0/E/9/1_aiyaya_.jpg",
"status": "NORMAL",
"createTime": 1515076287882
}
}
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失敗響應體
{
"code": 10001,
"msg": "參數無效",
"data": [
{
"fieldName": "status",
"message": "值是無效的"
}
]
}
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那麼如果我們想要的響應體格式是第二種，我們該如何寫我們的代碼呢？你可能想是這樣麼？
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
@PostMapping
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
public PlatformResult addUser(@Validated @RequestBody User user) {
user.setId(10000L);
user.setCreateTime(new Date());
return PlatformResult.success(user);
}
}
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PlatformResult.success()這段邏輯顯然很多餘，每個方法都要這樣寫一遍，所以上述方式並不是我們想要的，我們要的是
@ResponseResult(PlatformResult.class)
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
@PostMapping
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
public User addUser(@Validated @RequestBody User user) {
user.setId(10000L);
user.setCreateTime(new Date());
return user;
}
}
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我們加了一個自定義的註解@ResponseResult(PlatformResult.class)，參數PlatformResult.class告訴這個Controller類下的所有方法都以這個類PlatformResult的格式進行返回，這個註解可以標記在類或方法上，好了，我們的目的明朗了許多，要做的就是標記這個註解讓它實現接口返回值格式控制這個功能，下面我們給出具體的實現方式。
實現思路
首先介紹下完成我們這次主要功能的幾個類：
Result 是返回格式類的父接口（所有返回格式類都需要繼承它）
PlatformResult 通用返回結果格式（我們上面說的第二種返回結果）
DefaultErrorResult 全局錯誤返回結果（我們上面說的第一種錯誤時的返回結果）
GlobalExceptionHandler全局異常處理
ResponseResult 註解類（用於在Controller上指定返回值格式類）
ResponseResultInterceptor 攔截器（主要用於將ResponseResult註解類的標記信息傳入ResponseResultHandler中）
ResponseResultHandler 響應體格式處理器（主要轉換邏輯都在這裏）
代碼實現
下面將有一大片代碼襲來，要頂住！O(∩_∩)O哈哈~
1. Result 接口類
package com.zhuma.demo.comm.result;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @desc 響應格式父接口
*
* @author zhumaer
* @since 4/1/2018 3:00 PM
*/
public interface Result extends Serializable {
}
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說明
理論上所有的返回格式類都需要實現該接口才能被使用
2. PlatformResult 通用返回結果
package com.zhuma.demo.comm.result;
import com.zhuma.demo.enums.ResultCode;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
/**
* @desc 平臺通用返回結果
*
* @author zhumaer
* @since 10/9/2017 3:00 PM
*/
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
public class PlatformResult implements Result {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 874200365941306385L;
private Integer code;
private String msg;
private Object data;
public static PlatformResult success() {
PlatformResult result = new PlatformResult();
result.setResultCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS);
return result;
}
public static PlatformResult success(Object data) {
PlatformResult result = new PlatformResult();
result.setResultCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS);
result.setData(data);
return result;
}
public static PlatformResult failure(ResultCode resultCode) {
PlatformResult result = new PlatformResult();
result.setResultCode(resultCode);
return result;
}
public static PlatformResult failure(ResultCode resultCode, Object data) {
PlatformResult result = new PlatformResult();
result.setResultCode(resultCode);
result.setData(data);
return result;
}
public static PlatformResult failure(String message) {
PlatformResult result = new PlatformResult();
result.setCode(ResultCode.PARAM_IS_INVALID.code());
result.setMsg(message);
return result;
}
private void setResultCode(ResultCode code) {
this.code = code.code();
this.msg = code.message();
}
}
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3. DefaultErrorResult 默認全局錯誤返回格式
package com.zhuma.demo.comm.result;
import java.util.Date;
import com.zhuma.demo.enums.ExceptionEnum;
import com.zhuma.demo.exception.BusinessException;
import com.zhuma.demo.util.RequestContextHolderUtil;
import com.zhuma.demo.util.StringUtil;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DefaultErrorAttributes;
import com.zhuma.demo.enums.ResultCode;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
/**
* @desc 默認全局錯誤返回結果
* 備註：該返回信息是spring boot的默認異常時返回結果{@link DefaultErrorAttributes}，目前也是我們服務的默認的錯誤返回結果
*
* @author zhumaer
* @since 9/29/2017 3:00 PM
*/
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class DefaultErrorResult implements Result {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1899083570489722793L;
/**
* HTTP響應狀態碼 {@link org.springframework.http.HttpStatus}
*/
private Integer status;
/**
* HTTP響應狀態碼的英文提示
*/
private String error;
/**
* 異常堆棧的精簡信息
*
*/
private String message;
/**
* 我們系統內部自定義的返回值編碼，{@link ResultCode} 它是對錯誤更加詳細的編碼
*
* 備註：spring boot默認返回異常時，該字段爲null
*/
private Integer code;
/**
* 調用接口路徑
*/
private String path;
/**
* 異常的名字
*/
private String exception;
/**
* 異常的錯誤傳遞的數據
*/
private Object errors;
/**
* 時間戳
*/
private Date timestamp;
public static DefaultErrorResult failure(ResultCode resultCode, Throwable e, HttpStatus httpStatus, Object errors) {
DefaultErrorResult result = DefaultErrorResult.failure(resultCode, e, httpStatus);
result.setErrors(errors);
return result;
}
public static DefaultErrorResult failure(ResultCode resultCode, Throwable e, HttpStatus httpStatus) {
DefaultErrorResult result = new DefaultErrorResult();
result.setCode(resultCode.code());
result.setMessage(resultCode.message());
result.setStatus(httpStatus.value());
result.setError(httpStatus.getReasonPhrase());
result.setException(e.getClass().getName());
result.setPath(RequestContextHolderUtil.getRequest().getRequestURI());
result.setTimestamp(new Date());
return result;
}
public static DefaultErrorResult failure(BusinessException e) {
ExceptionEnum ee = ExceptionEnum.getByEClass(e.getClass());
if (ee != null) {
return DefaultErrorResult.failure(ee.getResultCode(), e, ee.getHttpStatus(), e.getData());
}
DefaultErrorResult defaultErrorResult = DefaultErrorResult.failure(e.getResultCode() == null ? ResultCode.SUCCESS : e.getResultCode(), e, HttpStatus.OK, e.getData());
if (StringUtil.isNotEmpty(e.getMessage())) {
defaultErrorResult.setMessage(e.getMessage());
}
return defaultErrorResult;
}
}
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4. GlobalExceptionHandler 全局錯誤異常處理器
package com.zhuma.demo.handler;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.handler.BaseGlobalExceptionHandler;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.DefaultErrorResult;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.zhuma.demo.exception.BusinessException;
/**
* @desc 統一異常處理器
*
* @author zhumaer
* @since 8/31/2017 3:00 PM
*/
@RestController
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler extends BaseGlobalExceptionHandler {
/* 處理400類異常 */
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class)
public DefaultErrorResult handleConstraintViolationException(ConstraintViolationException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
return super.handleConstraintViolationException(e, request);
}
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(HttpMessageNotReadableException.class)
public DefaultErrorResult handleConstraintViolationException(HttpMessageNotReadableException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
return super.handleConstraintViolationException(e, request);
}
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(BindException.class)
public DefaultErrorResult handleBindException(BindException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
return super.handleBindException(e, request);
}
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
public DefaultErrorResult handleMethodArgumentNotValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
return super.handleMethodArgumentNotValidException(e, request);
}
/* 處理自定義異常 */
@ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
public ResponseEntity<DefaultErrorResult> handleBusinessException(BusinessException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
return super.handleBusinessException(e, request);
}
/** 處理運行時異常 */
@Override
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
@ExceptionHandler(Throwable.class)
public DefaultErrorResult handleThrowable(Throwable e, HttpServletRequest request) {
//TODO 可通過郵件、微信公衆號等方式發送信息至開發人員、記錄存檔等操作
return super.handleThrowable(e, request);
}
}
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BaseGlobalExceptionHandler 全局異常處理基礎類
package com.zhuma.demo.comm.handler;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.DefaultErrorResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.ParameterInvalidItem;
import com.zhuma.demo.enums.ResultCode;
import com.zhuma.demo.exception.BusinessException;
import com.zhuma.demo.util.ConvertUtil;
/**
* @desc 全局異常處理基礎類
*
* @author zhumaer
* @since 10/10/2017 9:54 AM
*/
@Slf4j
public class BaseGlobalExceptionHandler {
/**
* 違反約束異常
*/
protected DefaultErrorResult handleConstraintViolationException(ConstraintViolationException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
log.info("handleConstraintViolationException start, uri:{}, caused by: ", request.getRequestURI(), e);
List<ParameterInvalidItem> parameterInvalidItemList = ConvertUtil.convertCVSetToParameterInvalidItemList(e.getConstraintViolations());
return DefaultErrorResult.failure(ResultCode.PARAM_IS_INVALID, e, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, parameterInvalidItemList);
}
/**
* 處理驗證參數封裝錯誤時異常
*/
protected DefaultErrorResult handleConstraintViolationException(HttpMessageNotReadableException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
log.info("handleConstraintViolationException start, uri:{}, caused by: ", request.getRequestURI(), e);
return DefaultErrorResult.failure(ResultCode.PARAM_IS_INVALID, e, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
}
/**
* 處理參數綁定時異常（反400錯誤碼）
*/
protected DefaultErrorResult handleBindException(BindException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
log.info("handleBindException start, uri:{}, caused by: ", request.getRequestURI(), e);
List<ParameterInvalidItem> parameterInvalidItemList = ConvertUtil.convertBindingResultToMapParameterInvalidItemList(e.getBindingResult());
return DefaultErrorResult.failure(ResultCode.PARAM_IS_INVALID, e, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, parameterInvalidItemList);
}
/**
* 處理使用@Validated註解時，參數驗證錯誤異常（反400錯誤碼）
*/
protected DefaultErrorResult handleMethodArgumentNotValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
log.info("handleMethodArgumentNotValidException start, uri:{}, caused by: ", request.getRequestURI(), e);
List<ParameterInvalidItem> parameterInvalidItemList = ConvertUtil.convertBindingResultToMapParameterInvalidItemList(e.getBindingResult());
return DefaultErrorResult.failure(ResultCode.PARAM_IS_INVALID, e, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, parameterInvalidItemList);
}
/**
* 處理通用自定義業務異常
*/
protected ResponseEntity<DefaultErrorResult> handleBusinessException(BusinessException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
log.info("handleBusinessException start, uri:{}, exception:{}, caused by: {}", request.getRequestURI(), e.getClass(), e.getMessage());
DefaultErrorResult defaultErrorResult = DefaultErrorResult.failure(e);
return ResponseEntity
.status(HttpStatus.valueOf(defaultErrorResult.getStatus()))
.body(defaultErrorResult);
}
/**
* 處理運行時系統異常（反500錯誤碼）
*/
protected DefaultErrorResult handleRuntimeException(RuntimeException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
log.error("handleRuntimeException start, uri:{}, caused by: ", request.getRequestURI(), e);
return DefaultErrorResult.failure(ResultCode.SYSTEM_INNER_ERROR, e, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
}
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說明
上面用到了一些自定義異常基類（BusinessException），對於這個類它會有很多子類去繼承它，例如：
參數異常、數據已存在異常、無權限異常等等，這些類我們會在後面的文章給大家分享下
5. ResponseResult 註解類
package com.zhuma.demo.annotation;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.PlatformResult;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.Result;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
/**
* @desc 接口返回結果增強 會通過攔截器攔截後放入標記，在ResponseResultHandler 進行結果處理
*
* @author zhumaer
* @since 4/1/2018 3:00 PM
*/
@Target({ ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ResponseResult {
Class<? extends Result> value() default PlatformResult.class;
}
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說明
這裏我們默認PlatformResult使用這個類作爲返回格式，所以@ResponseResult 等價於@ResponseResult(PlatformResult.class)
6. ResponseResultInterceptor 攔截器
package com.zhuma.demo.interceptor;
import com.zhuma.demo.annotation.ResponseResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* @desc 接口響應體控制攔截器
*
* @author zhumaer
* @since 4/1/2018 3:00 PM
*/
@Component
public class ResponseResultInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public static final String RESPONSE_RESULT = "RESPONSE-RESULT";
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod) {
final HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
final Class<?> clazz = handlerMethod.getBeanType();
final Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod();
if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(ResponseResult.class)) {
request.setAttribute(RESPONSE_RESULT, clazz.getAnnotation(ResponseResult.class));
} else if (method.isAnnotationPresent(ResponseResult.class)) {
request.setAttribute(RESPONSE_RESULT, method.getAnnotation(ResponseResult.class));
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
// nothing to do
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
// nothing to do
}
}
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開啓攔截器
package com.zhuma.demo.config.web;
import com.zhuma.demo.interceptor.ResponseResultInterceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private ResponseResultInterceptor responseResultInterceptor;
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
String apiUri = "/**";
//響應結果控制攔截
registry.addInterceptor(responseResultInterceptor).addPathPatterns(apiUri);
}
}
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7. ResponseResultHandler 響應體格式處理器
package com.zhuma.demo.handler;
import com.zhuma.demo.annotation.ResponseResult;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.DefaultErrorResult;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.Result;
import com.zhuma.demo.interceptor.ResponseResultInterceptor;
import com.zhuma.demo.util.RequestContextHolderUtil;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.PlatformResult;
/**
* @desc 接口響應體處理器
*
* @author zhumaer
* @since 4/1/2018 3:00 PM
*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class ResponseResultHandler implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> {
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {
HttpServletRequest request = RequestContextUtil.getRequest();
ResponseResult responseResultAnn = (ResponseResult) request.getAttribute(ResponseResultInterceptor.RESPONSE_RESULT);
return responseResultAnn != null && !ApiStyleEnum.NONE.name().equalsIgnoreCase(request.getHeader(HeaderConstants.API_STYLE));
}
@Override
public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) {
ResponseResult responseResultAnn = (ResponseResult) RequestContextHolderUtil.getRequest().getAttribute(ResponseResultInterceptor.RESPONSE_RESULT);
Class<? extends Result> resultClazz = responseResultAnn.value();
if (resultClazz.isAssignableFrom(PlatformResult.class)) {
if (body instanceof DefaultErrorResult) {
DefaultErrorResult defaultErrorResult = (DefaultErrorResult) body;
return PlatformResult.builder()
.code(Integer.valueOf(defaultErrorResult.getCode()))
.msg(defaultErrorResult.getMessage())
.data(defaultErrorResult.getErrors())
.build();
} else if (body instanceof String) {
return JsonUtil.object2Json(PlatformResult.success(body));
}
return PlatformResult.success(body);
}
return body;
}
}
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說明
上述代碼用到了一個工具類（RequestContextHolderUtil）用於獲取request對象，如果感興趣可以看下這篇文章 工具類分享之《RequestContextHolderUtil》
@ControllerAdvice、ResponseBodyAdvice這兩個類是本功能的關鍵使用類，用於接口的響應體增強，其中supports方法用於判斷是否需要做增強轉化，beforeBodyWrite方法用於增加邏輯實現
supports方法中，加了個小功能，當調用人員不想要封裝結果時，可以在header上設置參數Api-Style=none
最後我們寫一個創建用戶的Controller層方法：
package com.zhuma.demo.web.user;
import java.util.Date;
import com.zhuma.demo.annotation.ResponseResult;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.DefaultErrorResult;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.PlatformResult;
import com.zhuma.demo.comm.result.Result;
import com.zhuma.demo.exception.BusinessException;
import com.zhuma.demo.exception.UserNotLoginException;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.zhuma.demo.model.po.User;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @desc 用戶管理控制器
*
* @author zhumaer
* @since 6/20/2017 16:37 PM
*/
@ResponseResult
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
@PostMapping
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
public User addUser(@Validated @RequestBody User user) {
user.setId(10000L);
user.setCreateTime(new Date());
return user;
}
}
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結束語
接口響應體統一格式轉化，這個功能解說完啦，因爲本次貼出來的基本算是完整的代碼，如果你能看完也真心不容易，哈哈，哪裏不懂的可以直接留言或關注微信公衆號，來和我一起討論吧O(∩_∩)O~
源碼github地址：https://github.com/zhumaer/zhuma
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作者：築碼-井哥
來源：CSDN
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/aiyaya_/article/details/78976759
版權聲明：本文爲博主原創文章，轉載請附上博文鏈接！