QML動畫------學習總結

Direct Property Animation

Animations are created by applying animation objects to property values to gradually change the properties over time. These property animations apply smooth movements by interpolating values between property value changes. Property animations provide timing controls and allows different interpolations through easing curves.

Rectangle {
id: flashingblob
width: 75; height: 75
color: "blue"
opacity: 1.0

MouseArea {
anchors.fill: parent
onClicked: {
animateColor.start()
animateOpacity.start()
}
}

PropertyAnimation {id: animateColor; target: flashingblob; properties: "color"; to: "green"; duration: 100}

NumberAnimation {
id: animateOpacity
target: flashingblob
properties: "opacity"
from: 0.99
to: 1.0
loops: Animation.Infinite
easing {type: Easing.OutBack; overshoot: 500}
}
}

Specialized property animation elements have more efficient implementations than the PropertyAnimation element. They are for setting animations to different QML types such as int, color, and rotations. Similarly, the ParentAnimation can animate parent changes.

See the Controlling Animations section for more information about the different animation properties.

小結：

target:      指定目標元素

property:    指定目標元素的屬性

from:        指定起始值

to:          指定結束值

loops:       指定循環次數，Animation.Infinite表示無限循環

easing:      指定動畫的過渡形式，比如淡入淡出之類的

在這裏看不出PropertyAnimation和NumberAnimation的區別（後面還會看見ColorAnimation）,都需要指定target和property，另外需要進行觸發，比如上面的代碼中的XXXXXXXXXXX.start()

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Using Predefined Targets and Properties

In the previous example, the PropertyAnimation and NumberAnimation objects needed to specify particular target and properties values to specify the objects and properties that should be animated. This can be avoided by using the <Animation> on <Property> syntax, which specifies the animation is to be applied as a property value source.

Below are two PropertyAnimation objects that are specified using this syntax:

import QtQuick 2.0

Rectangle {

    id: rect

    width: 100; height: 100

    color: "red"

    PropertyAnimation on x { to: 100 }

    PropertyAnimation on y { to: 100 }

}

The animation starts as soon as the rectangle is loaded, and will automatically be applied to its x and y values. Since the <Animation> on <Property> syntax has been used, it is not necessary to set the target value of the PropertyAnimation objects to rect, and neither is it necessary to set the property values to x and y.

小結：

    這裏引入一個語法：<Animation> on <Property>

    和Direct Property Animation作用一樣，區別如下：

    不需要指定target,所在元素就是target；

    on後面就是需要發生變化的屬性；

    在元素被載入結束後，動畫就立即觸發

This can also be used by grouped animations to ensure that all animations within a group are applied to the same property. For example, the previous example could instead use SequentialAnimation to animate the rectangle's color first to yellow, then to blue:

import QtQuick 2.0

Rectangle {
width: 100; height: 100
color: "red"

SequentialAnimation on color {
ColorAnimation { to: "yellow"; duration: 1000 }
ColorAnimation { to: "blue"; duration: 1000 }
}
}

Since the SequentialAnimation object has been specified on the color property using the <Animation> on <Property> syntax, its child ColorAnimation objects are also automatically applied to this property and do not need to specify target or property animation values.

小結：SequentialAnimation 作用是序列化多個動畫，直白的說就是讓多個動畫依次發生

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Transitions during State Changes

Qt Quick States are property configurations where a property may have different values to reflect different states. State changes introduce abrupt property changes; animations smooth transitions to produce visually appealing state changes.

The Transition element can contain animation elements to interpolate property changes caused by state changes. To assign the transition to an object, bind it to the transitions property.

A button might have two states, the pressed state when the user clicks on the button and a released state when the user releases the button. We can assign different property configurations for each state. A transition would animate the change from the pressed state to the released state. Likewise, there would be an animation during the change from the released state to the pressed state.

Rectangle {
width: 75; height: 75
id: button
state: "RELEASED"

MouseArea {
anchors.fill: parent
onPressed: button.state = "PRESSED"
onReleased: button.state = "RELEASED"
}

states: [
State {
name: "PRESSED"
PropertyChanges { target: button; color: "lightblue"}
},
State {
name: "RELEASED"
PropertyChanges { target: button; color: "lightsteelblue"}
}
]

transitions: [
Transition {
from: "PRESSED"
to: "RELEASED"
ColorAnimation { target: button; duration: 100}
},
Transition {
from: "RELEASED"
to: "PRESSED"
ColorAnimation { target: button; duration: 100}
}
]
}

Binding the to and from properties to the state's name will assign that particular transition to the state change. For simple or symmetric transitions, setting the to to property to the wild card symbol, "*", denotes that the transition applies to any state change.

transitions:
Transition {
to: "*"
ColorAnimation { target: button; duration: 100}
}

小結：

狀態間的過渡(Transitions during State Changes)

紫色部分是爲元素指定默認狀態(state)

紅色部分是state的定義，裏面有PropertyChanges來對屬性進行調整

粉色部分是對過渡的定義，from和to分別用於指定起始和結束狀態

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Default Animation as Behaviors

Default property animations are set using behavior animations. Animations declared in Behavior elements apply to the property and animates any property value changes. However, Behavior elements have an enabled property to purposely enable or disable the behavior animations.

A ball component might have a behavior animation assigned to its x, y, and color properties. The behavior animation could be set up to simulate an elastic effect. In effect, this behavior animation would apply the elastic effect to the properties whenever the ball moves.

Rectangle {

    width: 75; height: 75; radius: width

    id: ball

    color: "salmon"

    Behavior on x {

        NumberAnimation {

            id: bouncebehavior

            easing {

                type: Easing.OutElastic

                amplitude: 1.0

                period: 0.5

            }

        }

    }

    Behavior on y {

        animation: bouncebehavior

    }

    Behavior {

        ColorAnimation { target: ball; duration: 100 }

    }

}

There are several methods of assigning behavior animations to properties. The Behavior on <property> declaration is a convenient way of assigning a behavior animation onto a property.

See the Behaviors example for a demonstration of behavioral animations.

小結：

Behavior 

Behavior on <Property>

可以直接在Behavior裏面直接定義動畫，Behavior裏面還有animation屬性，用於指定動畫，達到代碼複用的作用。如果有on <Property>，那麼Behavior內部的動畫就不需要再次指定

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Playing Animations in Parallel or in Sequence

Animations can run in parallel or in sequence. Parallel animations will play a group of animations at the same time while sequential animations play a group of animations in order: one after the other. Grouping animations in SequentialAnimation and ParallelAnimation will play the animations in sequence or in parallel.

A banner component may have several icons or slogans to display, one after the other. The opacity property could transform to 1.0 denoting an opaque object. Using the SequentialAnimation element, the opacity animations will play after the preceding animation finishes. The ParallelAnimation element will play the animations at the same time.

Rectangle {

    id: banner

    width: 150; height: 100; border.color: "black"

    Column {

        anchors.centerIn: parent

        Text {

            id: code

            text: "Code less."

            opacity: 0.01

        }

        Text {

            id: create

            text: "Create more."

            opacity: 0.01

        }

        Text {

            id: deploy

            text: "Deploy everywhere."

            opacity: 0.01

        }

    }

    MouseArea {

        anchors.fill: parent

        onPressed: playbanner.start()

    }

    SequentialAnimation {

        id: playbanner

        running: false

        NumberAnimation { target: code; property: "opacity"; to: 1.0; duration: 200}

        NumberAnimation { target: create; property: "opacity"; to: 1.0; duration: 200}

        NumberAnimation { target: deploy; property: "opacity"; to: 1.0; duration: 200}

    }

}

Once individual animations are placed into a SequentialAnimation or ParallelAnimation, they can no longer be started and stopped independently. The sequential or parallel animation must be started and stopped as a group.

The SequentialAnimation element is also useful for playing transition animations because animations are played in parallel inside transitions.

See the Animation basics example for a demonstration of creating and combining multiple animations in QML.

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Controlling Animations動畫控制

Animation Playback

All animation types inherit from the Animation element. It is not possible to create Animation objects; instead, this element provides the essential properties and methods for animation elements. Animation elements have start(), stop(), resume(), pause(), restart(), and complete() -- all of these methods control the execution of animations.

除了start()外，還可以有stop(), resume(), pause(), restart(), and complete()

Easing

Easing curves define how the animation will interpolate between the start value and the end value. Different easing curves might go beyond the defined range of interpolation. The easing curves simplify the creation of animation effects such as bounce effects, acceleration, deceleration, and cyclical animations.

A QML object may have different easing curve for each property animation. There are also different parameters to control the curve, some of which are exclusive to a particular curve. For more information about the easing curves, visit the easing documentation.

The easing example visually demonstrates each of the different easing types.

通過指定各種函數實現各種過渡效果