使用DFS進行拓撲排序，如果可以完成的話，輸出路徑

進行深度優先搜索的時候，如果當前訪問的點是已經被訪問過的節點的話，說明出現了逆邊。因此有環，無法完成拓撲排序。

如果可以完成拓撲排序，檢測點序列就是一個合法的拓撲排序!

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Solution {
    vector<vector<int> > graph;
    vector<int> visited;
    vector<int> path;

    void dispGraph()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < graph.size(); ++i) {
            cout << i << ": ";
            for (int j = 0; j < graph[i].size(); ++j) {
                cout << graph[i][j] << " ";
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
    }

    bool dfs(int s)
    {
        visited[s] = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < graph[s].size(); ++i) {
            int nextv = graph[s][i];
            if (visited[nextv] == 0) {
                if (dfs(nextv) == false)
                    return false;
            }
            else if (visited[nextv] == 1)
                return false;
        }
        visited[s] = 2;
        path.push_back(s); // 將檢測點加入到path中
        return true;
    }
public:
    bool canFinish(int numCourses, vector<pair<int, int> > &prerequisites)
    {
        graph = vector<vector<int> >(numCourses, vector<int>());
        for (vector<pair<int, int> >::iterator it = prerequisites.begin(); it != prerequisites.end(); ++it) {
            graph[it->first].push_back(it->second);
        }
//        dispGraph();

        visited = vector<int>(numCourses, 0);

        for (int i = 0; i < numCourses; ++i) {
            if (visited[i] == 0 && dfs(i) == false) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        cout << "path is : ";
        for (int i = 0; i < path.size(); ++i)
            cout << path[i] << " ";
        cout << endl;
        return true;
    }
};

int main()
{
    int numCourse, e;
    cin >> numCourse >> e;

    vector<pair<int, int> > prerequisites;
    for (int i = 0; i < e; ++i) {
        int next, pre;
        cin >> next >> pre;
        prerequisites.push_back(make_pair(next, pre));
    }
    cout << Solution().canFinish(numCourse, prerequisites) << endl;
    return 0;
}

/*
5 6
0 2
2 3
3 4
0 1
1 2
1 3
output: 
path is: 4 3 2 1 0
1

5 7
0 2
2 3
3 4
0 1
1 2
1 3
4 3
output: 
0
*/