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我們都知道,可以使用高德地圖api實現經緯度與地址的轉換。那麼,當我們有很多個地址與經緯度,需要批量轉換的時候,應該怎麼辦呢?
在這裏,選用高德Web服務的API,其中的地址/逆地址編碼,可以實現經緯度與地址的轉換。
高德API地址:
地理/逆地理編碼:
http://lbs.amap.com/api/webservice/guide/api/georegeo
座標轉換:
http://lbs.amap.com/api/webservice/guide/api/convert
步驟:
1.申請key
2.座標轉換
座標轉換是一類簡單的HTTP接口,能夠將用戶輸入的非高德座標(GPS座標、mapbar座標、baidu座標)轉換成高德座標。
def transform(location):
parameters = {'coordsys':'gps','locations': location, 'key': '7ec25a9c6716bb26f0d25e9fdfa012b8'}
base = 'http://restapi.amap.com/v3/assistant/coordinate/convert'
response = requests.get(base, parameters)
answer = response.json()
return answer['locations']
2.地理/逆地理編碼
我這裏是將經緯度轉換爲地址,所以選用的是逆地理編碼的接口。
def geocode(location):
parameters = {'location': location, 'key': '7ec25a9c6716bb26f0d25e9fdfa012b8'}
base = 'http://restapi.amap.com/v3/geocode/regeo'
response = requests.get(base, parameters)
answer = response.json()
return answer['regeocode']['addressComponent']['district'].encode('gbk','replace'),answer['regeocode']['formatted_address'].encode('gbk','replace')
3.從文件中讀取
需要批量獲取的話,一般是從文件中讀取數據,讀取代碼如下:
def parse():
datas = []
totalListData = pd.read_csv('locs.csv')
totalListDict = totalListData.to_dict('index')
for i in range(0, len(totalListDict)):
datas.append(str(totalListDict[i]['centroidx']) + ',' + str(totalListDict[i]['centroidy']))
return datas
4.完整代碼
對於批量獲取,我一開始也走了很多彎路。一開始選用javascript接口,但是js接口的函數是異步返回,所以可能第10行的結果跑到第15行去了,一直沒有很好的解決,後來才選用web接口。最後,將完整代碼貼於此,僅供參考。
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''利用高德地圖api實現經緯度與地址的批量轉換'''
import requests
import pandas as pd
import time
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
def parse():
datas = []
totalListData = pd.read_csv('locs.csv')
totalListDict = totalListData.to_dict('index')
for i in range(0, len(totalListDict)):
datas.append(str(totalListDict[i]['centroidx']) + ',' + str(totalListDict[i]['centroidy']))
return datas
def transform(location):
parameters = {'coordsys':'gps','locations': location, 'key': '7ec25a9c6716bb26f0d25e9fdfa012b8'}
base = 'http://restapi.amap.com/v3/assistant/coordinate/convert'
response = requests.get(base, parameters)
answer = response.json()
return answer['locations']
def geocode(location):
parameters = {'location': location, 'key': '7ec25a9c6716bb26f0d25e9fdfa012b8'}
base = 'http://restapi.amap.com/v3/geocode/regeo'
response = requests.get(base, parameters)
answer = response.json()
return answer['regeocode']['addressComponent']['district'].encode('gbk','replace'),answer['regeocode']['formatted_address'].encode('gbk','replace')
if __name__=='__main__':
i = 0
count = 0
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['location','detail'])
#locations = parse(item)
locations = parse()
for location in locations:
dist, detail = geocode(transform(location))
df.loc[i] = [dist, detail]
i = i + 1
df.to_csv('locdetail.csv', index =False)
注意事項:
在測試的時候,一個key差不多可以下載2000-3000條數據,一個賬號可以申請4個key。這是我自己的使用情況。所以,測試的時候,不用測試過多,直接開始正式爬數據纔是正道。