django_上传文件/图像/图片之settings.py的MEDIA_URL，MEDIA_ROOT，urls.py，models.py配置。

需求描述：

使用django写了一个投票后台，如果想给每个问题加一个图片的话就需要用到MEDIA_URL，MEDIA_ROOT等等了。

整个过程需要用到[app名]下的models.py,[app名]下的urls.py,[app名]下的settings.py，出发！！

目前[app名]下的models.py的代码如下：

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
import datetime


# Create your models here.
class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=220)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

    def was_published_recently(self):
        now = timezone.now()
        return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now

    was_published_recently.admin_order_field = "pub_date"
    was_published_recently.boolean = True
    was_published_recently.short_description = '是否最近发布'

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=220)
    count = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

[app名]下的urls.py的代码如下：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from mysite import settings
urlpatterns = [
    path('polls/', include("polls.urls")),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

]

因为settings中的内容过长，并且我们不需要进行修改，只是添加，所以就不将settings.py的代码贴上了。

实现

• 首先打开[app名]下的settings.py：
  • 添加两个字段，分别为【MEDIA_ROOT】，【MEDIA_URL】

# 设置上传的文件的存放路径
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")
# 设置直接访问上传文件的url（访问路径）
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

 

• 其次打开[app名]下的urls.py：
  • 添加如下代码，设置路由

    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

    按住ctrl点击static进入类中，执行return中内容设置路由
•  最后打开[app名]下的models.py：
  • 在Question类中添加如下代码：

    avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='polls/')

    完整models.py代码如下：

    from django.db import models
    from django.utils import timezone
    import datetime
    
    
    # Create your models here.
    class Question(models.Model):
        question_text = models.CharField(max_length=220)
        pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")
        avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='polls/')
    
        def __str__(self):
            return self.question_text
    
        def was_published_recently(self):
            now = timezone.now()
            return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now
    
        was_published_recently.admin_order_field = "pub_date"
        was_published_recently.boolean = True
        was_published_recently.short_description = '是否最近发布'
    
    class Choice(models.Model):
        question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
        choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=220)
        count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    
        def __str__(self):
            return self.choice_text
    

     

•  最最后，执行【python manage.py makemigrations】和【python manage.py migrate】两条命令，进行表结构更改，迁移。
• 重启服务器后登陆admin，选择Question，选择ADD QUESTION，选择必须的信息和图片后，保存成功，可以在后台看到添加的图片了，也通过MEDIA_URL加路径访问已经上传的图片

参考（感谢）：

https://www.jianshu.com/p/f819db65e6a3

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