1. 背景描述
前幾天遇到這麼一個問題，用navicat創建個數據表，其中有一個字段標識用量，用量嘛依照我的六級未遂的英語，Usage。嗯，這個單詞貼切，夠短，perfect！表真的創建成功了，但是插入數據時就是不對，語法錯誤！what a fuck！檢查了半天終於發現Usage這個罪魁禍首，這貨別是個關鍵字吧，查了一下，嘿，還真是，fuck again！
2. 官方文檔說明
查了一下官方文檔是這麼說的：
Keywords are words that have significance in SQL. Certain keywords, such as SELECT, DELETE, or BIGINT, are reserved and require special treatment for use as identifiers such as table and column names. This may also be true for the names of built-in functions.
關鍵字是在SQL中有意義的單詞。某些關鍵字（如SELECT、DELETE或BIGINT）是保留的，需要特殊處理才能用作表和列名等標識符。對於內置函數的名稱也可能是這樣。
Nonreserved keywords are permitted as identifiers without quoting.
不帶引號的關鍵字可以作爲標識符。
mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax ... near 'interval (begin INT, end INT)'
BEGIN and END are keywords but not reserved, so their use as identifiers does not require quoting. INTERVAL is a reserved keyword and must be quoted to be used as an identifier
BEGIN和END是關鍵字，但不是保留的，因此它們用作標識符不需要引用。INTERVAL是保留關鍵字，必須引用才能用作標識符
mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Exception: A word that follows a period in a qualified name must be an identifier, so it need not be quoted even if it is reserved
例外：限定名中句點後面的單詞必須是標識符，因此即使保留了它，也不必引用
Names of built-in functions are permitted as identifiers but may require care to be used as such. For example, COUNT is acceptable as a column name. However, by default, no whitespace is permitted in function invocations between the function name and the following ( character. This requirement enables the parser to distinguish whether the name is used in a function call or in nonfunction context.
內置函數的名稱允許作爲標識符，但可能需要謹慎使用。例如，COUNT可以作爲列名。但是，默認情況下，函數調用中函數名和以下字符之間不允許有空格。這個需求使解析器能夠區分名稱是在函數調用中使用還是在非函數上下文中使用。
3. MySQL5.7關鍵字保留字列表
下面羅列了MySQL5.7版本的關鍵字和保留字，做個筆記吧，畢竟年齡大了，記性不好，順便說一句，帶 ®標識的爲關鍵字
A
| ACCESSIBLE ® | ACCOUNT; added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) | ACTION | ADD ® | AFTER |
| AGAINST | AGGREGATE | ALGORITHM | ALL ® | ALTER ® |
| ALWAYS; added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) | ANALYSE | ANALYZE ® | AND ® | ANY |
| AS ® | ASC ® | ASCII | ASENSITIVE ® | AT |
| AUTOEXTEND_SIZE | AUTO_INCREMENT | AVG | AVG_ROW_LENGTH |
B
| ACKUP | BEFORE ® | BEGIN | BETWEEN ® | BIGINT ® |
| INARY ® | BINLOG | BIT | BLOB ® | BLOCK |
| BOOL | BOOLEAN | BOTH ® | BTREE | BY ® |
| BYTE |
C
| CACHE | CALL ® | CASCADE ® | CASCADED | CASE ® |
| CATALOG_NAME | CHAIN | CHANGE ® | CHANGED | CHANNEL; added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) |
| CHAR ® | CHARACTER ® | CHARSET | CHECK ® | CHECKSUM |
| CIPHER | CLASS_ORIGIN | CLIENT | CLOSE | COALESCE |
| CODE | COLLATE ® | COLLATION | COLUMN ® | COLUMNS |
| COLUMN_FORMAT | COLUMN_NAME | COMMENT | COMMIT | COMMITTED |
| COMPACT | COMPLETION | COMPRESSED | COMPRESSION; added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved) | CONCURRENT |
| CONDITION ® | CONNECTION | CONSISTENT | CONSTRAINT ® | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG |
| CONSTRAINT_NAME | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CONTAINS | CONTEXT | CONTINUE ® |
| CONVERT ® | CPU | CREATE ® | CROSS ® | CUBE |
| CURRENT | CURRENT_DATE ® | CURRENT_TIME ® | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ® | CURRENT_USER ® |
| CURSOR ® | CURSOR_NAME |
D
| DATA | DATABASE ® | DATABASES ® | DATAFILE | DATE |
| DATETIME | DAY | DAY_HOUR ® | DAY_MICROSECOND ® | DAY_MINUTE ® |
| DAY_SECOND ® | DEALLOCATE | DEC ® | DECIMAL ® | DECLARE ® |
| DEFAULT ® | DEFAULT_AUTH | DEFINER | DELAYED ® | DELAY_KEY_WRITE |
| DELETE ® | DESC ® | DESCRIBE ® | DES_KEY_FILE | DETERMINISTIC ® |
| DIAGNOSTICS | DIRECTORY | DISABLE | DISCARD | DISK |
| DISTINCT ® | DISTINCTROW ® | DIV ® | DO | DOUBLE ® |
| DROP ® | DUAL ® | DUMPFILE | DUPLICATE | DYNAMIC |
E
| EACH ® | ELSE ® | ELSEIF ® | ENABLE | ENCLOSED ® |
| ENCRYPTION; added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved) | END | ENDS | ENGINE | ENGINES |
| ENUM | ERROR | ERRORS | ESCAPE | ESCAPED ® |
| EVENT | EVENTS | EVERY | EXCHANGE | EXECUTE |
| EXISTS ® | EXIT ® | EXPANSION | EXPIRE | EXPLAIN ® |
| EXPORT | EXTENDED | EXTENT_SIZE |
F
| FALSE ® | FAST | FAULTS | FETCH ® | FIELDS |
| FILE | FILE_BLOCK_SIZE; added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) | FILTER; added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) | FIRST | FIXED |
| FLOAT ® | FLOAT4 ® | FLOAT8 ® | FLUSH | FOLLOWS; added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved) |
| FOR ® | FORCE ® | FOREIGN ® | FORMAT | FOUND |
| FROM ® | FULL | FULLTEXT ® | FUNCTION |
G
| GENERAL | GENERATED ®; added in 5.7.6 (reserved) | GEOMETRY | GEOMETRYCOLLECTION | GET ® |
| GET_FORMAT | GLOBAL | GRANT ® | GRANTS | GROUP ® |
| GROUP_REPLICATION; added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved) |
H
| HANDLER | HASH | HAVING ® | HELP | HIGH_PRIORITY ® |
| HOST | HOSTS | HOUR | HOUR_MICROSECOND ® | HOUR_MINUTE ® |
| HOUR_SECOND ® |
I
| IDENTIFIED | IF ® | IGNORE ® | IGNORE_SERVER_IDS | IMPORT |
| IN ® | INDEX ® | INDEXES | INFILE ® | INITIAL_SIZE |
| INNER ® | INOUT ® | INSENSITIVE ® | INSERT ® | INSERT_METHOD |
| INSTALL | INSTANCE; added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved) | INT ® | INT1 ® | INT2 ® |
| INT3 ® | INT4 ® | INT8 ® | INTEGER ® | INTERVAL ® |
| INTO ® | INVOKER | IO | IO_AFTER_GTIDS ® | IO_BEFORE_GTIDS ® |
| IO_THREAD | IPC | IS ® | ISOLATION | ISSUER |
J
| JOIN ® | JSON; added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved) |
K
| KEY ® | KEYS ® | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE | KILL ® |
L
| LANGUAGE | LAST | LEADING ® | LEAVE ® | LEAVES |
| LEFT ® | LESS | LEVEL | LIKE ® | LIMIT ® |
| INEAR ® | LINES ® | LINESTRING | LIST | LOAD ® |
| LOCAL | LOCALTIME ® | LOCALTIMESTAMP ® | LOCK ® | LOCKS |
| LOGFILE | LOGS | LONG ® | LONGBLOB ® | LONGTEXT ® |
| LOOP ® | LOW_PRIORITY ® |
M
| MASTER | MASTER_AUTO_POSITION | MASTER_BIND ® | MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY | MASTER_DELAY |
| MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD | MASTER_HOST | MASTER_LOG_FILE | MASTER_LOG_POS | MASTER_PASSWORD |
| MASTER_PORT | MASTER_RETRY_COUNT | MASTER_SERVER_ID | MASTER_SSL | MASTER_SSL_CA |
| MASTER_SSL_CAPATH | MASTER_SSL_CERT | MASTER_SSL_CIPHER | MASTER_SSL_CRL | MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH |
| MASTER_SSL_KEY | MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT ® | MASTER_TLS_VERSION; added in 5.7.10 (nonreserved) | MASTER_USER | MATCH ® |
| MAXVALUE ® | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR | MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR | MAX_ROWS | MAX_SIZE |
| MAX_STATEMENT_TIME; added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved); removed in 5.7.8 | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS | MEDIUM | MEDIUMBLOB ® |
| MEDIUMINT ® | MEDIUMTEXT ® | MEMORY | MERGE | MESSAGE_TEXT |
| MICROSECOND | MIDDLEINT ® | MIGRATE | MINUTE | MINUTE_MICROSECOND ® |
| MINUTE_SECOND ® | MIN_ROWS | MOD ® | MODE | MODIFIES ® |
| MODIFY | MONTH | MULTILINESTRING | MULTIPOINT | MULTIPOLYGON |
| MUTEX | MYSQL_ERRNO |
N
| NAME | NAMES | NATIONAL | NATURAL ® | NCHAR |
| NDB | NDBCLUSTER | NEVER; added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved) | NEW | NEXT |
| NO | NODEGROUP | NONBLOCKING; removed in 5.7.6 | NONE | NOT ® |
| NO_WAIT | NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ® | NULL ® | NUMBER | NUMERIC ® |
| NVARCHAR |
O
| OFFSET | OLD_PASSWORD; removed in 5.7.5 | ON ® | ONE | ONLY |
| OPEN | OPTIMIZE ® | OPTIMIZER_COSTS ®; added in 5.7.5 (reserved) | OPTION ® | OPTIONALLY ® |
| OPTIONS | OR ® | ORDER ® | OUT ® | OUTER ® |
| OUTFILE ® | OWNER |
P
| PACK_KEYS | PAGE | PARSER | PARSE_GCOL_EXPR; added in 5.7.6 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.7.8 | PARTIAL |
| PARTITION ® | PARTITIONING | PARTITIONS | PASSWORD | PHASE |
| PLUGIN | PLUGINS | PLUGIN_DIR | POINT | POLYGON |
| PORT | PRECEDES; added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved) | PRECISION ® | PREPARE | PRESERVE |
| PREV | PRIMARY ® | PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE ® | PROCESSLIST |
| PROFILE | PROFILES | PROXY | PURGE ® |
Q
| QUARTER | QUERY | QUICK |
R
| RANGE ® | READ ® | READS ® | READ_ONLY | READ_WRITE ® |
| REAL ® | REBUILD | RECOVER | REDOFILE | REDO_BUFFER_SIZE |
| REDUNDANT | REFERENCES ® | REGEXP ® | RELAY | RELAYLOG |
| RELAY_LOG_FILE | ELAY_LOG_POS | RELAY_THREAD | RELEASE ® | |
| RELOAD | REMOVE | RENAME ® | REORGANIZE | REPAIR |
| REPEAT ® | REPEATABLE | REPLACE ® | REPLICATE_DO_DB; added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) | REPLICATE_DO_TABLE; added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) |
| REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB; added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) | REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE; added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) | REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB; added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) | REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE; added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) | REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE; added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved) |
| REPLICATION | REQUIRE ® | RESET | RESIGNAL ® | RESTORE |
| RESTRICT ® | RESUME | RETURN ® | RETURNED_SQLSTATE | RETURNS |
| REVERSE | REVOKE ® | RIGHT ® | RLIKE ® | ROLLBACK |
| ROLLUP | ROTATE; added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved) | ROUTINE | ROW | ROWS |
| ROW_COUNT | ROW_FORMAT | RTREE |
S
| SAVEPOINT | SCHEDULE | SCHEMA ® | SCHEMAS ® | SCHEMA_NAME |
| SECOND | SECOND_MICROSECOND ® | SECURITY | SELECT ® | SENSITIVE ® |
| SEPARATOR ® | SERIAL | SERIALIZABLE | SERVER | SESSION |
| SET ® | SHARE | SHOW ® | SHUTDOWN | SIGNAL ® |
| SIGNED | SIMPLE | SLAVE | SLOW | SMALLINT ® |
| SNAPSHOT | SOCKET | SOME | SONAME | SOUNDS |
| SOURCE | SPATIAL ® | SPECIFIC ® | SQL ® | SQLEXCEPTION ® |
| SQLSTATE ® | SQLWARNING ® | SQL_AFTER_GTIDS | SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS | SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS |
| SQL_BIG_RESULT ® | SQL_BUFFER_RESULT | SQL_CACHE | SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ® | SQL_NO_CACHE |
| SQL_SMALL_RESULT ® | SQL_THREAD | SQL_TSI_DAY | SQL_TSI_HOUR | SQL_TSI_MINUTE |
| SQL_TSI_MONTH | SQL_TSI_QUARTER | SQL_TSI_SECOND | SQL_TSI_WEEK | SQL_TSI_YEAR |
| SSL ® | STACKED | START | STARTING ® | STARTS |
| STATS_AUTO_RECALC | STATS_PERSISTENT | STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES | STATUS | STOP |
| STORAGE | STORED ®; added in 5.7.6 (reserved) | STRAIGHT_JOIN ® | STRING | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN |
| SUBJECT | SUBPARTITION | SUBPARTITIONS | SUPER | SUSPEND |
| SWAPS | SWITCHES |
T
| TABLE ® | TABLES | TABLESPACE | TABLE_CHECKSUM | TABLE_NAME |
| TEMPORARY | TEMPTABLE | TERMINATED ® | TEXT | THAN |
| THEN ® | TIME | TIMESTAMP | TIMESTAMPADD | TIMESTAMPDIFF |
| TINYBLOB ® | TINYINT ® | TINYTEXT ® | TO ® | TRAILING ® |
| TRANSACTION | TRIGGER ® | TRIGGERS | TRUE ® | TRUNCATE |
| TYPE | TYPES |
U
| UNCOMMITTED | UNDEFINED | UNDO ® | UNDOFILE | UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE |
| UNICODE | UNINSTALL | UNION ® | UNIQUE ® | UNKNOWN |
| UNLOCK ® | UNSIGNED ® | UNTIL | UPDATE ® | UPGRADE |
| USAGE ® | USE ® | USER | USER_RESOURCES | USE_FRM |
| USING ® | UTC_DATE ® | UTC_TIME ® | UTC_TIMESTAMP ® |
V
| VALIDATION; added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved) | VALUE | VALUES ® | VARBINARY ® | VARCHAR ® |
| VARCHARACTER ® | VARIABLES | VARYING ® | VIEW | VIRTUAL ®; added in 5.7.6 (reserved) |
W
| WAIT | WARNINGS | WEEK | WEIGHT_STRING | WHEN ® |
| WHERE ® | WHILE ® | WITH ® | WITHOUT; added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved) | WORK |
| WRAPPER | WRITE ® |
X
| X509 | XA | XID; added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved) | XML | XOR ® |
Y
| YEAR | YEAR_MONTH ® |
Z
| ZEROFILL ® |
4. 總結
MySQL關鍵字很多，大部分關鍵字可以直接用作表名或者字段名，但是保留字必須用引號包含纔可以使用。但是還是能不用盡量不用吧，畢竟麻煩，打斷sql多一個少一個引號根本注意不到好嗎？！！你可以做但沒必要~