大數據可視化Google Chart實現

本程序調用Weka API及libsvm工具包,對基金數據庫進行數據預處理,然後將處理好的數據通過Chart.js 框架來實現數據的可視化,接下來要說明實現流程。

完整版源碼下載

數據讀取

連接數據庫

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
    String user = "root";
    String password = "";
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
    Statement st = conn.createStatement();

查詢數據

查詢在2015年10月12日(週一)這一天的所有股票交易記錄

ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM history where Time='2015-10-12,1'");

數據處理

這部分使用weka API中的j48算法和svm算法來對數據進行處理

Weka連接數據庫

查詢漲幅不小於0.1的數據

 InstanceQuery query = new InstanceQuery();
    query.setDatabaseURL("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");
    query.setUsername("root");
    query.setPassword("");
    query.setQuery("SELECT `Open`,Highest,Lowest,`Close`, `Change`,Increase,Amplitude,HandsAll,Money from history where Increase>=0.1;");

數據預處理

據預處理包括數據的缺失值處理、標準化、規範化和離散化處理。

  • 數據的缺失值處理

weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute.ReplaceMissingValues。 對於數值屬性,用平均值代替缺失值,對於nominal屬性,用它的mode(出現最多的值)來代替缺失值。

  • 標準化

類(standardize)weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute.Standardize。標準化給定數據集中所有數值屬性的值到一個0均值和單位方差的正態分佈。

  • 規範化(Nomalize)

類weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute.Normalize。規範化給定數據集 中的所有數值屬性值,類屬性除外。結果值默認在區間[0,1],但是利用縮放和平移參數,我們能將數值屬性值規範到任何區間。如:但 scale=2.0,translation=-1.0時,你能將屬性值規範到區間[-1,+1]。

  • 離散化(discretize)

weka.filters.supervised.attribute.Discretize
weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute.Discretize

分別進行監督和無監督的數值屬性的離散化,用來離散數 據集中的一些數值屬性到分類屬性。

數據預處理是所有數據挖掘算法的前提基礎。拿到一個數據源,不太可能直接用於數據挖掘算法。

爲了既不破壞業務數據的數據結構,又能爲數據挖掘算法所使用,就需要進行數據預處理的過程,將數據源進行一定的處理,得到數據挖掘算法的輸入數據。

非監督過濾

 1.Add爲數據庫添加一個新的屬性,新的屬性將會包含所有缺失值。可選參數:attributeIndex:屬性位置,從1開始算,last是最後一個,first是第一個attributeName:屬性名稱attributeType:屬性類型,一般是41dateFormat:數據格式,參考ISO-8601nominalLabels:名義標籤,多個值用逗號隔開


3.AddID字面意思,添加一個ID

4.AddNoise只對名義屬性有效,依照一定比例修改值。

5.Center將數值化屬性的平均化爲06.ChangeDateFormat修改數據格式

7.Copy複製制定屬性並命名爲Copy Of XX

8.Discretize簡單劃分的離散化處理。參數:attributeIndices:屬性範圍,如1-5,first-lastbins:桶的數量

9.FirstOrder第n個值用n+1項值和n項值的差替換

10.MathExpression功能和AddExpression類似,不過支持的運算更多,特別是MAX和MIN的支持特別有用。所有支持運算符如下:+, -, *, /, pow, log,abs, cos, exp, sqrt, tan, sin, ceil, floor, rint, (, ),A,MEAN, MAX, MIN, SD, COUNT, SUM, SUMSQUARED, 
ifelse11.Reorder重新排列屬性,輸入2-last

11.可以讓第一項排到最後,如果輸入1,3,5的話…其他項就沒有了

12.Standardize這個和Center功能大致相同,多了一個標準化單位變異數

13.StringToNominal將String型轉化爲Nominal型14.SwapValues

然後是weka.filters.unsupervised.instance包下的

1.NonSparseToSparse

將所有輸入轉爲稀疏格式
2.Normalize

規範化整個實例集
3.RemoveFolds

交叉驗證,不支持分層,如果需要的話使用監督學習中的方法
4.RemoveRange

移除制定範圍的實例,化爲NaN
5.Resample

隨機抽樣,從現有樣本產生新的小樣本
6.SubsetByExpression

根據規則進行過濾,支持邏輯運算,向上取值,取絕對值等等

代碼實現如下

    Instances data = query.retrieveInstances();
    data.setClassIndex(0); // 設置分類屬性所在行號(第一行爲0號),instancesTest.numAttributes()可以取得屬性總數
    data.setClassIndex(0);
    Discretize discretize = new Discretize();
    String[] options = new String[6]; 
    options[0] = "-B"; 
    options[1] = "8"; 
    options[2] = "-M"; 
    options[3] = "-1.0"; 
    options[4] = "-R"; 
    options[5] = "2-last"; 
    discretize.setOptions(options); 
    discretize.setInputFormat(data); 
    Instances newInstances1 = Filter.useFilter(data, discretize); 

存入到本地

 DataSink.write("C://j48.arff", data);

此時在C盤根目錄下會出現一個j48.arff文件



對預處理後的數據分類

以J48算法爲例,代碼如下

ile inputFile = new File("C://j48.arff");//訓練語料文件

    ArffLoader atf = new ArffLoader();

    atf.setFile(inputFile);

    Instances instancesTrain = atf.getDataSet(); // 讀入測試文件

    instancesTrain.setClassIndex(0); // 設置分類屬性所在行號(第一行爲0號),instancesTest.numAttributes()可以取得屬性總數

    double sum = instancesTrain.numInstances(), // 測試語料實例數

    right = 0.0f;

    data.setClassIndex(0);
    Classifier m_classifier = new J48();
    m_classifier.buildClassifier(data); // 訓練

    for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++)// 測試分類結果

    {
      if (m_classifier.classifyInstance(instancesTrain.instance(i)) == instancesTrain
          .instance(i).classValue())// 如果預測值和答案值相等(測試語料中的分類列提供的須爲正確答案,結果纔有意義)
      {

        right++;// 正確值加1
      }

    }
    out.println("J48:" + (right / sum));

數據顯示

Chart.js框架,版本1.0.2,一個簡單、輕量級的繪圖框架,基於HTML5 canvas。這個框架能很多種圖,折線圖、柱狀圖、玫瑰圖等。

引入Chart.js文件

Char.js下載

我們將下載好的文件整個拷貝到WebRoot根目錄下,效果如圖



首先我們需要在頁面中引入Chart.js文件。此工具庫在全局命名空間中定義了Chart變量。

<script src="./Chart.js"></script>

創建圖表

Chat.js中文文檔

爲了創建圖表,我們要實例化一個Chart對象。爲了完成前面的步驟,首先需要需要傳入一個繪製圖表的2d context。以下是案例。

  • html代碼
<div id="left" style="width:40%">
        <canvas id="canvas" height="512" width="512"></canvas>

</div>
  • js代碼
window.myBar = new Chart(document.getElementById("canvab")
                    .getContext("2d")).Bar(barChartData, {
                responsive : true
            });

我們還可以用jQuery獲取canvas的context。首先從jQuery集合中獲取我們需要的DOM節點,然後在這個DOM節點上調用 getContext(“2d”) 方法。

//Get context with jQuery - using jQuery's .get() method.
var ctx = $("#myChart").get(0).getContext("2d");
//This will get the first returned node in the jQuery collection.
var myNewChart = new Chart(ctx);

當我們完成了在指定的canvas上實例化Chart對象之後,Chart.js會自動針對retina屏幕做縮放。

Chart對象設置完成後,我們就可以繼續創建Chart.js中提供的具體類型的圖表了。下面這個案例中,我們將展示如何繪製一幅極地區域圖(Polar area chart)。

new Chart(ctx).PolarArea(data,options);

自定義表格

定義表格,方便將jdbc讀取的數據傳送到javaScript中。爲每一個td設定一個id,通rs.getString()方法讀取從數據庫中獲取的數據

<tr>
            <td width="100" id="Index"><%=rs.getString("Index")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="Time"><%=rs.getString("Time")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="Open"><%=rs.getString("Open")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="Highest"><%=rs.getString("Highest")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="Lowest"><%=rs.getString("Lowest")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="Close"><%=rs.getString("Close")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="Change"><%=rs.getString("Change")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="Increase"><%=rs.getString("Increase")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="Amplitude"><%=rs.getString("Amplitude")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="HandsAll"><%=rs.getString("HandsAll")%></td>
            <td width="100" id="Money"><%=rs.getString("Money")%></td>

            <td width="100" id="J48 classification precision" value="J48"><%=right / sum%></td>

        </tr>

數據結構

通過document.getElementById().innerHTML方法將td標籤 中的數據傳入到data:中

var barChartData =
{
    labels : ["Open", "Highest", "Lowest", "Close", "Change",
        "Increase", "Amplitude", "HandsAll", "Money", "Accuracy"],
    datasets : [
        {
            fillColor : "rgba(220,220,220,0.5)",
            strokeColor : "rgba(220,220,220,0.8)",
            highlightFill : "rgba(220,220,220,0.75)",
            highlightStroke : "rgba(220,220,220,1)",
            data : [
                document.getElementById("Open").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Highest").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Lowest").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Close").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Change").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Increase").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Amplitude").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("HandsAll").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Money").innerHTML,
                document
                .getElementById("J48 classification precision").innerHTML, ]
        },
        {
            fillColor : "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)",
            strokeColor : "rgba(151,187,205,0.8)",
            highlightFill : "rgba(151,187,205,0.75)",
            highlightStroke : "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
            data : [
                document.getElementById("Opens").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Highests").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Lowests").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Closes").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Changes").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Increases").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Amplitudes").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("HandsAlls").innerHTML,
                document.getElementById("Moneys").innerHTML,
                document
                .getElementById("SVM classification precision").innerHTML, ]
        }
    ]

}

預測數據獲取

package cn.zju.edu.test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

/*import weka.classifiers.functions.LibSVM;*/

public class DataUtil {
public DataUtil() throws Exception{
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "";
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        Statement st = conn.createStatement();
        Statement st1 = conn.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = st
                .executeQuery("SELECT Increase FROM history where Time='2015-10-12,1'");
        ResultSet rss = st1
                .executeQuery("SELECT Increase FROM history where Time='2015-10-13,2'");
        while (rs.next()&&rss.next()) {
            String str = rs.getString("Increase");
            String str2=rss.getString("Increase");
            newFile("./train.txt", str+","+str);//保存2015年10月12日的漲幅情況用於訓練
            newFile("./test.txt", str2+","+str2);//保存2015年10月13日的漲幅情況用於測試
        }


}

    public static void newFile(String filePathAndName, String fileContent) {
        try {

            File myFilePath = new File(filePathAndName.toString());
            if (!myFilePath.exists()) { // 如果該文件不存在,則創建
                myFilePath.createNewFile();
            }
            // FileWriter(myFilePath, true); 實現不覆蓋追加到文件裏

            // FileWriter(myFilePath); 覆蓋掉原來的內容

            FileWriter resultFile = new FileWriter(myFilePath, true);

            PrintWriter myFile = new PrintWriter(resultFile);

            // 給文件裏面寫內容,原來的會覆蓋掉
            myFile.println(fileContent);

            resultFile.close();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

}

SVR預測類

public class Predict {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new DataUtil();//獲取測試數據和訓練數據
        List<Double> label = new ArrayList<Double>();
        List<svm_node[]> nodeSet = new ArrayList<svm_node[]>();
        getData(nodeSet, label, "./train.txt");

        int dataRange = nodeSet.get(0).length;
        svm_node[][] datas = new svm_node[nodeSet.size()][dataRange]; // 訓練集的向量表
        for (int i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < dataRange; j++) {
                datas[i][j] = nodeSet.get(i)[j];
            }
        }
        double[] lables = new double[label.size()]; // a,b 對應的lable
        for (int i = 0; i < lables.length; i++) {
            lables[i] = label.get(i);
        }
        // 定義svm_problem對象
        svm_problem problem = new svm_problem();
        problem.l = nodeSet.size(); // 向量個數
        problem.x = datas; // 訓練集向量表
        problem.y = lables; // 對應的lable數組
        // 定義svm_parameter對象
        svm_parameter param = new svm_parameter();
        param.svm_type = svm_parameter.EPSILON_SVR;
        param.kernel_type = svm_parameter.LINEAR;
        param.cache_size = 100;
        param.eps = 0.00001;
        param.C = 1.9;
        // 訓練SVM分類模型
        System.out.println(svm.svm_check_parameter(problem, param));
        // 如果參數沒有問題,則svm.svm_check_parameter()函數返回null,否則返回error描述。
        svm_model model = svm.svm_train(problem, param);
        // svm.svm_train()訓練出SVM分類模型
        // 獲取測試數據
        List<Double> testlabel = new ArrayList<Double>();
        List<svm_node[]> testnodeSet = new ArrayList<svm_node[]>();
        getData(testnodeSet, testlabel, "./test.txt");
        svm_node[][] testdatas = new svm_node[testnodeSet.size()][dataRange]; // 訓練集的向量表
        for (int i = 0; i < testdatas.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < dataRange; j++) {
                testdatas[i][j] = testnodeSet.get(i)[j];
            }
        }
        double[] testlables = new double[testlabel.size()]; // a,b 對應的lable
        for (int i = 0; i < testlables.length; i++) {
            testlables[i] = testlabel.get(i);
        }
        // 預測測試數據的lable
        double err = 0.0;
        for (int i = 0; i < testdatas.length; i++) {
            double truevalue = testlables[i];
            System.out.print("真實值:"+truevalue + " ");
            double predictValue = svm.svm_predict(model, testdatas[i]);
            System.out.println("預測值:"+predictValue);
            err += Math.abs(predictValue - truevalue);
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
            String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
            String user = "root";
            String password = "";
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            Statement st = conn.createStatement();
            st.executeUpdate("insert into predictresult(truevalue,predictvalue) values('"+truevalue+"'"+","+"'"+predictValue+"');");
            conn.close();
            DataUtil.newFile("./result.txt", "真實值:"+truevalue + " "+"預測值:"+predictValue+" "+"err=" + err / datas.length);
        }
        /*System.out.println("err=" + err / datas.length);*/

    }

    public static void getData(List<svm_node[]> nodeSet, List<Double> label, String filename) {
        try {
            FileReader fr = new FileReader(new File(filename));
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
            String line = null;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                String[] datas = line.split(",");
                svm_node[] vector = new svm_node[datas.length - 1];
                for (int i = 0; i < datas.length - 1; i++) {
                    svm_node node = new svm_node();
                    node.index = i + 1;
                    node.value = Double.parseDouble(datas[i]);
                    vector[i] = node;
                }
                nodeSet.add(vector);
                double lablevalue = Double.parseDouble(datas[datas.length - 1]);
                label.add(lablevalue);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

柱狀圖標參數

Bar.defaults = {

    //Boolean - If we show the scale above the chart data           
    scaleOverlay : false,

    //Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale
    scaleOverride : false,

    //** Required if scaleOverride is true **
    //Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale
    scaleSteps : null,
    //Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale
    scaleStepWidth : null,
    //Number - The scale starting value
    scaleStartValue : null,

    //String - Colour of the scale line 
    scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)",

    //Number - Pixel width of the scale line    
    scaleLineWidth : 1,

    //Boolean - Whether to show labels on the scale 
    scaleShowLabels : false,

    //Interpolated JS string - can access value
    scaleLabel : "<%=value%>",

    //String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label
    scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'",

    //Number - Scale label font size in pixels  
    scaleFontSize : 12,

    //String - Scale label font weight style    
    scaleFontStyle : "normal",

    //String - Scale label font colour  
    scaleFontColor : "#666",    

    ///Boolean - Whether grid lines are shown across the chart
    scaleShowGridLines : true,

    //String - Colour of the grid lines
    scaleGridLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.05)",

    //Number - Width of the grid lines
    scaleGridLineWidth : 1, 

    //Boolean - If there is a stroke on each bar    
    barShowStroke : true,

    //Number - Pixel width of the bar stroke    
    barStrokeWidth : 2,

    //Number - Spacing between each of the X value sets
    barValueSpacing : 5,

    //Number - Spacing between data sets within X values
    barDatasetSpacing : 1,

    //Boolean - Whether to animate the chart
    animation : true,

    //Number - Number of animation steps
    animationSteps : 60,

    //String - Animation easing effect
    animationEasing : "easeOutQuart",

    //Function - Fires when the animation is complete
    onAnimationComplete : null

}

蛛網圖標參數

Radar.defaults = {

    //Boolean - If we show the scale above the chart data           
    scaleOverlay : false,

    //Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale
    scaleOverride : false,

    //** Required if scaleOverride is true **
    //Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale
    scaleSteps : null,
    //Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale
    scaleStepWidth : null,
    //Number - The centre starting value
    scaleStartValue : null,

    //Boolean - Whether to show lines for each scale point
    scaleShowLine : true,

    //String - Colour of the scale line 
    scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)",

    //Number - Pixel width of the scale line    
    scaleLineWidth : 1,

    //Boolean - Whether to show labels on the scale 
    scaleShowLabels : false,

    //Interpolated JS string - can access value
    scaleLabel : "<%=value%>",

    //String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label
    scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'",

    //Number - Scale label font size in pixels  
    scaleFontSize : 12,

    //String - Scale label font weight style    
    scaleFontStyle : "normal",

    //String - Scale label font colour  
    scaleFontColor : "#666",

    //Boolean - Show a backdrop to the scale label
    scaleShowLabelBackdrop : true,

    //String - The colour of the label backdrop 
    scaleBackdropColor : "rgba(255,255,255,0.75)",

    //Number - The backdrop padding above & below the label in pixels
    scaleBackdropPaddingY : 2,

    //Number - The backdrop padding to the side of the label in pixels  
    scaleBackdropPaddingX : 2,

    //Boolean - Whether we show the angle lines out of the radar
    angleShowLineOut : true,

    //String - Colour of the angle line
    angleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)",

    //Number - Pixel width of the angle line
    angleLineWidth : 1,         

    //String - Point label font declaration
    pointLabelFontFamily : "'Arial'",

    //String - Point label font weight
    pointLabelFontStyle : "normal",

    //Number - Point label font size in pixels  
    pointLabelFontSize : 12,

    //String - Point label font colour  
    pointLabelFontColor : "#666",

    //Boolean - Whether to show a dot for each point
    pointDot : true,

    //Number - Radius of each point dot in pixels
    pointDotRadius : 3,

    //Number - Pixel width of point dot stroke
    pointDotStrokeWidth : 1,

    //Boolean - Whether to show a stroke for datasets
    datasetStroke : true,

    //Number - Pixel width of dataset stroke
    datasetStrokeWidth : 2,

    //Boolean - Whether to fill the dataset with a colour
    datasetFill : true,

    //Boolean - Whether to animate the chart
    animation : true,

    //Number - Number of animation steps
    animationSteps : 60,

    //String - Animation easing effect
    animationEasing : "easeOutQuart",

    //Function - Fires when the animation is complete
    onAnimationComplete : null

}

運行

右鍵單擊Run as-> MyEclipse Server Application,啓動後在瀏覽器裏輸入:localhost:8080/dataviewt/index.jsp可查看不同可視化效果 主要比較股票在2015-10-12,1和2015-10-13,2這兩個不同時間段的行情指數


蛛網圖


分柱狀圖


漲幅趨勢

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