各角色如何從DevOps中受益？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業每天都面臨着快速變化和高要求。現在的主力消費者比他們的上一輩對企業有着千變萬化的要求和更高的期望。日益激烈的競爭意味着企業必須迅速而明智地採取行動，以保住自己的市場份額。企業不斷與競爭對手競爭，努力爲客戶提供最好的產品。許多困難的根本原因是缺乏溝通，對於許多公司來說，DevOps是解除困境的方法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據RightScale 2016年對1060名IT專業人士進行的雲端狀態調查，81%的大企業和70%的中小企業報告採用了DevOps。這種敏捷思維方法涉及到客戶、產品管理、開發人員、QA和其他角色之間的協作，以便向更好的產品、服務和系統前進。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps帶給不同角色的優勢是什麼？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發人員"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"沒有采用DevOps的開發人員可能會對構建和部署流程的日常任務感到沮喪。由於不得不一遍又一遍地完成相同的任務，他們會沒有時間進行創新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而當有了DevOps和自動化，那些單調重複的任務就可以被消除！沒有了這些耗時性項目，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"開發人員可以擁有更多的時間做自己喜歡的事情：研發"},{"type":"text","text":"。花更多的時間創新、更少的時間修理和維護是一種勝利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不想參與軟件的運維？隨着DevOps打通筒倉，增加合作，這種情況也在不遠的將來向你招手了。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"運維人員"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於運維來說，在未採用DevOps前，典型問題之一是從開發人員那裏獲取隨機的、通常是錯誤百出的代碼。由於溝通很少，達成決議需要更長的時間，也會讓工作更加困難。運維所關心的是維護環境的穩定性，但這很難做到。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有了DevOps，運維人員在計劃外工作和返工上花費的時間減少了22%。這主要是由於增加了與開發人員的交流。更好的代碼、共享的代碼庫和更穩定的操作環境使工作更加輕鬆。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"自動化和持續集成允許在不威脅穩定性的情況下交付新功能。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"產品經理"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當你的產品和服務需要更長的時間才能製造出來並付諸行動時，你就很難打敗你的競爭對手。當你的軟件有錯誤時，這尤其困難。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps鼓勵協作環境。當在生產過程中有更多的交流，產出是更好的產品。當每個人都保持一致時，最終交付的產品一定會更好。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"DevOps帶來的46倍的軟件部署頻率和440倍的變更前置時間會讓運維的工作更加輕鬆。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"系統管理員"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"要高效地管理一個從不溝通的團隊幾乎是不可能的。缺乏溝通使工作變得困難，因爲軟件有錯誤，反饋不及時，可見性低。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"協作是DevOps的關鍵要素之一。溝通會帶來更好的產品和更好的系統。此外，它們的管理也不那麼複雜。自動化減少了人爲錯誤，且可使故障更改率降低3倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps還"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"增加了整個軟件開發過程的可見性"},{"type":"text","text":"。當能夠檢測錯誤、定位其根源並發現原因時，就可以迅速修復問題。DevOps使得故障修復速度快96倍。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"測試工程師"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你不知道問題是哪裏產生的，是誰造成的，就很難解決問題。當找不出問題，無法解決問題，並且知道每一分鐘都意味着越來越多的人感到不方便（可能還會爲此煩惱）時，壓力就來了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps允許更快地解決問題。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提高可見性和溝通"},{"type":"text","text":"對於解決問題至關重要。工程師可以使用實時數據來解決問題並瞭解應用程序更改的影響。當出現問題時，解決方案實施得越早越好。如果一個Bug變得太深，就更難修復了。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"QA"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"QA的工作是確保產品和系統都運行良好，但這並不意味着他們喜歡錯誤纏身的軟件和過程。如果沒有溝通、協作和自動化（DevOps的所有支柱），錯誤就會氾濫成行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"有了DevOps，團隊成員可以一起工作來生產更好的產品，自動化可以減少容易避免的人爲錯誤。"},{"type":"text","text":"結果就是出現更少的錯誤。並且，由於持續的集成、持續的交付以及頻繁的小更改，錯誤也更小更容易修復。DevOps用戶報告說，修復安全問題的時間減少了50%，故障恢復速度加快了96倍。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"客戶服務"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"任何在服務行業工作過的人，無論是在餐館、零售還是客戶服務，都知道與不滿的顧客打交道的痛苦。當系統出現故障和錯誤時，用戶會很不高興。當然故障不是你創造的，但你必須處理它們。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps會導致更少的錯誤，這意味着"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用戶的使用體驗更加舒適"},{"type":"text","text":"。雖然仍然會接到用戶的投訴電話，但這隻會越來越少。此外，用戶也不會因爲反覆經歷相同的故障而暴躁。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一個更具協作性的環境意味着你的工作更容易。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"終端用戶"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"改變的意義是爲了更好的用戶體驗。採用DevOps不僅爲自己簡化了流程，這也意味着將有更多的時間爲客戶做出更多的改進。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps通過改進流程和應用程序使最終用戶的體驗更加一致。總的來說，讓互動更愉快。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/13/138564b02723bee2fc8a2620df13ef41.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所有角色都受益！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"綜上所述，每個人都受益於DevOps的一些基石，如持續集成、持續交付、發佈自動化、測試自動化和協作。持續集成幾乎消除了發生大故障或錯誤的可能性。自動化流程消除了繁瑣的手工任務。協作創建了一個協調的團隊，並改進了最終產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps創造了更快樂、更高效的團隊。人們不必一次又一次地完成同樣無聊的任務，解決同樣的問題。挫折感和不愉快的減少會讓團隊成員更有效率和效率。這樣可以消除工作中一些不滿意的地方，爲組織增加價值。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"團隊效率達到頂峯，有更多創造性和革新性的任務、集體責任和加強溝通"},{"type":"text","text":"。當筒倉被打破後，團隊會對共同的目標和實現目標的計劃有一個更清晰的認識。此外，增加透明度會帶來更明智的決策。授權、自信和協作的團隊行動得更快更有效，從而導致更快的發佈和更智能的工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果出了問題或者有計劃外的工作，溝通可以幫助團隊管理意外的障礙。DevOps建立流程並明確優先級，以指導您和您的團隊成員在繼續執行原始計劃的同時完成計劃外的工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當員工做他們喜歡做的事情時，他們會更投入，更快樂。DevOps不解決工具問題，它解決人的問題。快樂的員工帶來快樂的顧客。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公司也受益匪淺"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通過更好的流程和溝通環境，公司將受益匪淺。不僅在感情上每個人都是朋友的方式，在經濟上也是如此。更滿意的員工可以做他們喜歡做的事情，而客戶得到了更好的體驗，公司就會從中受益。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由於DevOps節省了時間和資源，並提高了公司的速度和競爭力，因此ROI（投資回報率）有了切實的提高。由於持續集成、持續交付、發佈自動化、測試自動化和協作，組織能夠更快地交付特性並更快地進入市場。團隊是主動的，而不是被動的，因爲它能滿足新的市場需求並應對安全威脅。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持續的反饋使公司能夠更頻繁地聽取客戶的意見。因此，組織可以交付更及時、更具相關性的軟件。這樣就可以更快地響應客戶不斷變化的需求並改善用戶體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在現今社會下，每家公司本質上都是科技公司。"},{"type":"text","text":"如果沒有快速的軟件，將永遠無法將自身產品推向市場。而沒有DevOps，就無法擁有快速的軟件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps使IT與業務目標保持一致。它創造了一個專注於創造價值和持續改進組織的團隊。創造最好的客戶體驗是頭等大事，每個人都在一起創造和維護最好的產品和服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"DevOps將速度與方向結合起來，爲企業帶來利益。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragr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