细数软件架构中的解耦

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"架构的定义"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"架构是软件方法学的范畴，它解决的是软件组织的问题，不解决软件算法的问题。两者的区别可用下图的积"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"木做个类比："}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/c1\/05\/c1f432f28bc32593e92061d174153d05.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算法就像一个个的积木块，比如绿色的圆柱，蓝色的三角，红色的方块等。而架构则是把各种积木块，组装"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成一个城堡，一辆小火车。为搭建这个城堡或小火车，架构师脑子里得有张图纸，图纸里既要定义需要哪些"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"形形色色的积木块，又要考虑如何将它们组装起来。这工作很像建筑师，英文也的确叫architect。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这样类比，很容易让不太理解技术的企业家们陷入误区，会觉得架构师要比算法工程师更厉害？其实不然，"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这是两个细分领域的才能。不知道您注意到小火车车头上的烟囱没？它是一个像鸡腿菇一样的弧线造型，浇"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"灌出这种造型的模子，要比三角形和方块形要难很多，它需要更深奥的几何学的支撑，这可以形象的看做是"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算法工程师解决的问题。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"架构的意义"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"架构解决软件组织的问题，它能给企业创造什么价值？换句话说，好的软件组织，跟差的软件组织，从商业"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"价值创造的角度，有什么不同？笔者以为架构的价值体现在"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"可用性和敏捷性"},{"type":"text","text":"两个角度，但今天要讲的是敏捷"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"性。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"敏捷性指的是快速、低成本、高质量地应对扩张市场的差异化需求。"},{"type":"text","text":"企业在初创期积累了不少软件资"}]}]}