細菌的種類非常多，其中有一些能造成傳染病。而另外一些細菌，如果善加利用，卻能夠阻止傳染病的傳播。
Fighting diseases with bacteria
by Lauran Neergaard
They still bite, but new research shows lab-grown mosquitoes are fighting dangerous dengue fever that they normally would spread. Dengue infections appear to be dropping fast in communities in Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil and Australia that are buzzing with the specially bred mosquitoes, an international research team reported Thursday.
mosquito /məˈskiːtəʊ/ n. 蚊子
dengue fever 登革熱
normally /ˈnɔːməli/ adv. 正常情況下（由normal加後綴-ly變成副詞）
spread /spred/ v. 傳播、擴散
infection /ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n. 感染（由infect加後綴-ion變成名詞）
community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社區
Indonesia /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ n. 印度尼西亞（東南亞國家）
Vietnam /ˌvjetˈnæm/ n. 越南
Brazil /brəˈzɪl/ n. 巴西（南美洲國家）
buzz /bʌz/ v. 嗡嗡叫
breed /briːd/ v. 繁育、繁殖
It's the first evidence from large-scale field trials that mosquitoes are less likely to spread dengue and similar viruses when they also carry a type of bacteria that's common in insects and harmless to people.
evidence /ˈevɪd(ə)ns/ n. 證據
scale /skeɪl/ n. 規模
trial /ˈtraɪəl/ n. 試驗（由try加後綴-al變成名詞；field trial就是實地測試）
virus /ˈvaɪərəs/ n. 病毒
bacterium /bækˈtɪəriəm/ n. 細菌（bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ 是複數）
harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ adj. 無害的（由harm加上表示否定的後綴-less並變成形容詞）
Researchers first injected mosquito eggs with Wolbachia bacteria in a lab. Infected females then pass the bacteria on through their eggs. Releasing enough Wolbachia carriers, both the females that bite and the males that don't, allows mating to spread the bacteria through a local mosquito population.
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者（由research加上表示人的後綴-er）
inject /ɪnˈdʒekt/ v. 注射
infect /ɪnˈfekt/ v. 感染
pass on 傳染
release /rɪˈliːs/ v./n. 釋放
carrier /ˈkæriə(r)/ n. 攜帶者（由carry加上表示人的後綴-er）
mate /meɪt/ v. 交配
Rather than using pesticides（殺蟲劑） to wipe out bugs, "this is really about transforming the mosquito," said Cameron Simmons of the nonprofit World Mosquito Program, which is conducting the research.
wipe out 消滅
bug /bʌɡ/ n. 小蟲子
transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ v. 徹底改變
nonprofit /ˌnɒnˈprɒfɪt/ n. 非營利組織（由profit加上表示否定的前綴non-）
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 實施
The first hint of success came from Australia. Mosquitoes bred to carry Wolbachia were released in parts of North Queensland starting in 2011, and gradually spread through the local mosquito population. Dengue is transmitted when a mosquito bites someone who is infected, and then bites another person, but somehow Wolbachia blocks that – and local transmission has nearly disappeared in those North Queensland communities, Simmons said.
hint /hɪnt/ n. 暗示
gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐漸地（由gradual加後綴-ly變成副詞）
transmit /trænzˈmɪt/ v. 傳播、傳染
block /blɒk/ v. 阻擋、擋住
transmission /trænzˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 傳播、傳染
Simmons' team reported a 76% decline in dengue recorded by local authorities in an Indonesian community near the city of Yogyakarta since the 2016 release of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes. That's compared to dengue transmission in a nearby area where regular mosquitoes do the biting.
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ n. 下降、減少
record /rɪˈkɔːd/ v. 記錄、記載
authorities /ɔːˈθɒrətiz/ n. 有關部門
Researchers found a similar drop in a community near the southern Vietnamese city of Nha Trang. And preliminary results suggest large declines in dengue and a related virus, chikungunya, in a few neighborhoods in Brazil near Rio de Janeiro.
preliminary /prɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)ri/ adj. 初步的
suggest /səˈdʒest/ v. 表明
related /rɪˈleɪtɪd/ adj. 有親緣關係的
neighborhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ n. 住宅區
The studies are continuing in those countries and others. But the findings, presented at a meeting of the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, suggest it's possible to turn at least some mosquitoes from a public health threat into nuisance biters.
present /prɪˈzent/ v. 提交、呈送
society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 協會、社團
tropical /ˈtrɒpɪk(ə)l/ adj. 熱帶的
hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ n. 衛生
turn /tɜːn/ v. 變成、使變成
threat /θret/ n. 威脅
nuisance /ˈnjuːs(ə)ns/ n. 讓人討厭的東西
biter /ˈbaɪtə(r)/ n. 叮咬者（由bite加上表示人或物的後綴-er）
The work marks "exciting progress," said Michigan State University professor Zhiyong Xi, who wasn't involved with the project but has long studied how Wolbachia can turn mosquitoes against themselves.
mark /mɑːk/ v. 標誌着
progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 進展、進步
project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ n. 項目
More research is needed, specialists cautioned. "The results are pretty exciting – strong levels of reductions – but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas where the reductions are not as great," said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.
specialist /ˈspeʃ(ə)lɪst/ n. 專業人士、專家（由special加上表示人的後綴-ist）
caution /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/ v. 警告、告誡
level /ˈlev(ə)l/ n. 水平、數量
reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. 減少、降低
（如果您發現某些行的最後一個單詞被分成兩半了，請把您使用的瀏覽器升級到最新版本就能正常顯示了。）