前文我們瞭解了部分puppet的資源的使用，以及資源和資源的依賴關係的定義，回顧請參考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/14071459.html；今天我們繼續puppet常用資源的使用相關話題；
1、file：該資源類型主要用來管理被控端主機上的文件；該資源作用相當於ansible中的copy和file兩個模塊的功能；它可以實現文件的新建，刪除，複製等功能；
主要屬性
ensure：用於描述文件的類型和目標狀態的，常用的文件類型有3中，第一種是普通文件（file），其內容由content屬性生成或複製由source屬性指向的文件路徑來創建；第二種是目錄（directory），可通過source指向的路徑複製生成，recurse屬性指明是否遞歸複製；第三種是符合鏈接文件（link），必須由target屬性指明其鏈接的目標文件；取值有present/absent，file,directory,link；
path：文件路徑（namevar）
source：源文件；
content：文件內容；
target：符號鏈接的目標文件；
owner：屬主；
group：屬組；
mode：權限；
ctime/mtime：時間戳；
示例：指定內容創建新文件
[root@node12 ~]# cat file.pp
file{"/tmp/test.txt":
ensure => file,
content => "this is test file",
mode => 0644,
owner => 'jerry',
group => 'root'
}
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上資源清單定義了在/tmp目錄下新建一個test.txt的文件，其文件內容是“this is test file”，屬主是jerry，屬組是root,權限是0644；
檢查資源清單語法
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop file.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606886216' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.txt]/ensure: current_value absent, should be file (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]#
應用資源清單
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp
total 0
srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock
drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v file.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606886384'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.txt]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}973131af48aa1d25bf187dacaa5ca7c0'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds
[root@node12 ~]#
驗證：查看/tmp/目錄下是否生成了test.txt文件，內容和屬主，屬組和權限是否是我們指定的內容呢？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 4 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# cat /tmp/test.txt this is test file[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到在/tmp目錄下生成了test.txt文件，其屬主是jerry，屬組是root，權限是644，內容是“this is test file”，完全是我們指定的屬性；
示例：複製一個文件生成另一個文件
[root@node12 ~]# cat copyfile.pp
file{"/tmp/test1":
ensure => file,
source => '/etc/issue',
owner => 'jerry',
group => 'jerry',
mode => 400,
}
[root@node12 ~]#
驗證：應用資源清單，看看對應/tmp/目錄下是否會生成test1文件？文件屬主屬組和權限信息是否是我們指定的屬性信息呢？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp
total 4
srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock
drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq
-rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop copyfile.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.06 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606886863'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test1]/ensure: current_value absent, should be file (noop)
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v copyfile.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606886868'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test1]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}f078fe086dfc22f64b5dca2e1b95de2c'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp
total 8
srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock
drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq
-r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1
-rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt
[root@node12 ~]# cat /tmp/test1
\S
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到對應目錄下生成了我們指定的文件，其內容是我們指定的source屬性所對應的文件內容；屬主/組和權限都是我們指定的屬性；
示例：創建空目錄
[root@node12 ~]# cat directory.pp
file{"/tmp/test":
ensure => directory,
owner => 'jerry',
group => 'jerry',
mode => 755,
}
[root@node12 ~]#
應用資源清單並驗證對應目錄是否創建?
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop directory.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606887273' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test]/ensure: current_value absent, should be directory (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v directory.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606887279' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]#
示例：複製目錄
[root@node12 ~]# cat copydirectory.pp
file{"copy directory":
ensure => directory,
path => '/tmp/test.repos.d',
source => '/etc/yum.repos.d/'
}
[root@node12 ~]#
應用資源清單並且驗證對應目錄是否生成？
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v copydirectory.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606887595' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[copy directory]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 13:39 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/test.repos.d/ total 0 [root@node12 ~]#
提示：這裏只是複製了一個空目錄過來，對應目錄下沒有任何文件，如果需要遞歸複製，需要加上recurse屬性爲true;
遞歸複製目錄
[root@node12 ~]# cat copydirectory.pp
file{"copy directory":
ensure => directory,
path => '/tmp/test.repos.d',
source => '/etc/yum.repos.d/',
recurse => true
}
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v copydirectory.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606887954'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/centos7-aliyun-epel.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}ad7e2bf9550cde4f863d5157d9dea4cb'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak]/ensure: created
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Base.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}9098fc723b1e00c92e8515f06980d83e'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}e9e506425094f43b5c8f053090dbf4d4'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Vault.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}9fdd3d91192aa05427c3a9684eeb1345'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-CR.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}445ed4f0ee3888384e854fb8527a7cde'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Sources.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}04d662bb1648477bf50e658a20c10145'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}4861d3b742e8e8c05b67e3abf7904f17'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/mongodb.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}fbe938506cda5002d9b8068e6bb4a355'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Media.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}1d7797c5082bd565facd68c5aa9352bf'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-fasttrack.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}52d296f7a45f56c85d18473eca5bab16'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.12 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/test.repos.d/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 187 Dec 2 13:45 bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 665 Dec 2 13:45 centos7-aliyun-epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2524 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 206 Dec 2 13:45 mongodb.repo
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/test.repos.d/bak/
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1664 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1309 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 649 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 314 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1331 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3830 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到在資源清單中加上recurse屬性爲true後，再次執行資源清單，對應源目錄下的所有文件，子目錄及文件都遞歸的複製到path所指定的目錄下了；這裏需要注意一點，如果源是文件，目標是目錄，則複製過去的是一個文件並非是把文件複製到目錄下；所以puppet中的文件複製是同類型文件間的複製；
創建符號鏈接文件
[root@node12 ~]# cat createlink.pp
file{"create link file":
ensure => link,
path => '/tmp/passwd',
target => '/etc/passwd',
}
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上資源清單定義了把/tmp/passwd文件連接至/etc/passwd，即在創建/tmp/passwd符號連接文件，並將其目標鏈接文件指向/etc/passwd文件；
應用清單文件，看看對應符號鏈接文件是否生成？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop createlink.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606888721' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[create link file]/ensure: current_value absent, should be link (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v createlink.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.06 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606888731' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[create link file]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到/tmp目錄下生成了一個passwd的符號鏈接文件，並目標鏈接文件指向的是/etc/passwd文件；
定義資源與資源間的通知或訂閱關係
我們知道一個服務的配置文件發生了變化，如果要讓其配置生效，通常會重新啓動服務或重新載入配置文件內容；在ansible中當一個服務的配置文件發生變化，是通過定義handler和notify來觸發對應的服務執行重啓或重載配置操作；在puppet中當一個服務的配置文件發生變化觸發對應服務重啓或重新載入配置，需要定義資源與資源間的通知或訂閱關係；其語法如下
notify：前資源通知後資源
{
...
notify => Type['B'],
...
}
subscribe：後資源訂閱前資源
{
...
subscribe => Type['B'],
...
}
提示：以上兩種方式選擇其中一種即可；這裏需要注意的是引用資源其類型首字母必須大寫；同時定義資源與資源通知或訂閱關係，其隱含了資源執行的先後順序（依賴關係）；
示例：定義安裝redis，提供配置文件，和啓動服務，並且當配置文件發生變化通知redis服務重啓；
[root@node12 ~]# cat redis.pp
package{"redis":
ensure => installed,
}
file{"/etc/redis.conf":
ensure => file,
source => '/root/redis.conf',
notify => Service["redis"],
}
service{"redis":
ensure => running,
enable => true,
hasrestart => true,
restart => 'systemctl restart redis',
}
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上資源清單中定義了3個資源，並且指定了當配置文件發生變化就通知redis服務重啓；
上述清單在file資源中通知service資源，我們也可以在service中訂閱file資源；如下
[root@node12 ~]# cat redis.pp
package{"redis":
ensure => installed,
}
file{"/etc/redis.conf":
ensure => file,
source => '/root/redis.conf',
# notify => Service["redis"],
}
service{"redis":
ensure => running,
enable => true,
hasrestart => true,
restart => 'systemctl restart redis',
subscribe => File["/etc/redis.conf"],
}
[root@node12 ~]#
除了上述方式，我們也可以定義通知/訂閱資源鏈
[root@node12 ~]# cat redis.pp
package{"redis":
ensure => installed,
}
file{"/etc/redis.conf":
ensure => file,
source => '/root/redis.conf',
# notify => Service["redis"],
}
service{"redis":
ensure => running,
enable => true,
hasrestart => true,
restart => 'systemctl restart redis',
# subscribe => File["/etc/redis.conf"],
}
Package["redis"] -> File["/etc/redis.conf"] ~> Service["redis"]
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：定義通知/訂閱資源鏈，需要用到～>來表示前資源發生變化通知後資源；
本地redis.conf內容
[root@node12 ~]# cat redis.conf bind 0.0.0.0 protected-mode yes port 6379 tcp-backlog 511 timeout 0 tcp-keepalive 300 daemonize no supervised no pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid loglevel notice logfile /var/log/redis/redis.log databases 16 save 900 1 save 300 10 save 60 10000 stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes rdbcompression yes rdbchecksum yes dbfilename dump.rdb dir /var/lib/redis slave-serve-stale-data yes slave-read-only yes repl-diskless-sync no repl-diskless-sync-delay 5 repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no slave-priority 100 appendonly no appendfilename "appendonly.aof" appendfsync everysec no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100 auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb aof-load-truncated yes lua-time-limit 5000 slowlog-log-slower-than 10000 slowlog-max-len 128 latency-monitor-threshold 0 notify-keyspace-events "" hash-max-ziplist-entries 512 hash-max-ziplist-value 64 list-max-ziplist-size -2 list-compress-depth 0 set-max-intset-entries 512 zset-max-ziplist-entries 128 zset-max-ziplist-value 64 hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000 activerehashing yes client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0 client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60 client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60 hz 10 aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes [root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上內容是默認redis配置，我們只修改了其監聽地址爲0.0.0.0；
應用資源清單
[root@node12 ~]# rpm -q redis
package redis is not installed
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop redis.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.29 seconds
Warning: The package type's allow_virtual parameter will be changing its default value from false to true in a future release. If you do not want to allow virtual packages, please explicitly set allow_virtual to false.
(at /usr/share/ruby/vendor_ruby/puppet/type.rb:816:in `set_default')
Info: Applying configuration version '1606891263'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Package[redis]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/ensure: current_value absent, should be file (noop)
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]/ensure: current_value stopped, should be running (noop)
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]: Unscheduling refresh on Service[redis]
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 3 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.12 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v redis.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.30 seconds
Warning: The package type's allow_virtual parameter will be changing its default value from false to true in a future release. If you do not want to allow virtual packages, please explicitly set allow_virtual to false.
(at /usr/share/ruby/vendor_ruby/puppet/type.rb:816:in `set_default')
Info: Applying configuration version '1606891271'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Package[redis]/ensure: created
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Filebucketed /etc/redis.conf to puppet with sum d98629fded012cd2a25b9db0599a9251
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/content: content changed '{md5}d98629fded012cd2a25b9db0599a9251' to '{md5}12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/owner: owner changed 'redis' to 'root'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/mode: mode changed '0640' to '0644'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]/ensure: ensure changed 'stopped' to 'running'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]: Unscheduling refresh on Service[redis]
Notice: Finished catalog run in 4.81 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:6379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]# grep -Ei "^bind|port" /etc/redis.conf
bind 0.0.0.0
port 6379
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到應用資源清單後，安裝redis包，提供配置，啓動服務就一併完成了；
修改配置文件再次執行資源清單，看看對應服務是否會發生重啓，應用新配置呢？
[root@node12 ~]# grep -Ei "^bind|port" /root/redis.conf bind 0.0.0.0 port 16379 [root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上把/root/目錄下的redis.conf文件中的prot修改成16379；
執行資源清單
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:6379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v redis.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.30 seconds
Warning: The package type's allow_virtual parameter will be changing its default value from false to true in a future release. If you do not want to allow virtual packages, please explicitly set allow_virtual to false.
(at /usr/share/ruby/vendor_ruby/puppet/type.rb:816:in `set_default')
Info: Applying configuration version '1606891609'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Filebucketed /etc/redis.conf to puppet with sum 12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/content: content changed '{md5}12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff' to '{md5}13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]: Triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.26 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:16379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到再次執行資源清單，對應服務也應用了新的配置，說明redis服務發生了重啓；我們定義的資源間通知或訂閱關係生效了；
2、exec：該資源類型主要用於描述在被控端執行命令；
主要屬性
command：要執行的命令（namevar）；
creates：文件路徑，僅此路徑表示的文件不存在時，command方纔執行；
user/group：運行命令的用戶身份；
cwd：切換工作目錄；
path：命令搜索路徑，即在那些路徑下可以搜索到對應命令，類似PATH環境變量；
onlyif：此屬性指定一個命令，此命令正常（退出碼爲0）運行時，當前command纔會運行；
unless：此屬性指定一個命令，此命令非正常（退出碼爲非0）運行時，當前command纔會運行；
refresh：重新執行當前command的替代命令；
refreshonly：僅接收到訂閱的資源的通知時方纔運行；
示例：使用mkdir命令在被控端主機上創建目錄，條件是當指定的目錄不存在時才創建；
[root@node12 ~]# cat exec.pp
exec{"create directory":
command => 'mkdir /tmp/tom',
path => '/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin',
unless => 'test -d /tmp/tom',
}
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上清單表示如果被控端的/tmp/tom不存在時，則在被控端執行mkdir /tmp/tom，執行mkdir這個命令的搜索路徑爲/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin；
應用清單，看看對應目錄是否會被創建？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop exec.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.07 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606907819' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[create directory]/returns: current_value notrun, should be 0 (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v exec.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606907836' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[create directory]/returns: executed successfully Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 19:17 tom [root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上是/tmp/tom目錄不存在就創建，現在已經創建好了，再次執行命令按道理是要報錯說目錄已存在；
驗證：再次執行清單，看看是否會報錯？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 19:17 tom [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v exec.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606907999' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds [root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到再次執行並沒有報錯，這是因爲我們加了unless這個屬性去判斷是否滿足執行命令的條件；只有滿足執行命令的條件後，對應命令纔可被執行；爲了保證多次執行資源清單的冪等性，在執行某些不冪等的命令一定要加上條件；
示例：當redis配置文件發生改變以後，就重啓redis
[root@node12 ~]# cat exec2.pp
exec{"systemctl restart redis":
path => '/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin',
refreshonly => true,
}
file{"/etc/redis.conf":
ensure => file,
source => '/root/redis.conf',
}
File["/etc/redis.conf"] ~> Exec["systemctl restart redis"]
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上清單內容表示當/etc/redis.conf文件內容發生變化，就通知執行重啓redis服務命令；
當前redis配置文件監聽端口
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:16379 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@node12 ~]# grep -Ei "^bind|port" /etc/redis.conf bind 0.0.0.0 port 16379 [root@node12 ~]#
修改/root/redis.conf文件中的端口信息爲6379
[root@node12 ~]# grep -Ei "^bind|port" /root/redis.conf bind 0.0.0.0 port 6379 [root@node12 ~]#
執行清單，看看對應redis是否會監聽在6379這個端口上？
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:16379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop exec2.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.07 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606909853'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/content: current_value {md5}13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab, should be {md5}12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff (noop)
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Exec[systemctl restart redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[systemctl restart redis]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 2 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v exec2.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.07 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606909859'
Info: FileBucket got a duplicate file {md5}13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Filebucketed /etc/redis.conf to puppet with sum 13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/content: content changed '{md5}13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab' to '{md5}12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Exec[systemctl restart redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[systemctl restart redis]: Triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.11 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:6379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到redis服務已經監聽在6379這個端口了；說明重啓redis服務命令執行成功；
示例：創建文件，條件是隻有對應父目錄存在，則新建文件；
[root@node12 ~]# cat exec3.pp
exec{"create file":
command => 'touch /tmp/jerry.sh',
path => '/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin',
onlyif => 'test -d /tmp'
}
[root@node12 ~]#
執行清單並驗證
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 19:17 tom [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop exec3.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606910431' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[create file]/returns: current_value notrun, should be 0 (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v exec3.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606910443' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[create file]/returns: executed successfully Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 2 20:00 jerry.sh srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 19:17 tom [root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到jerry.sh文件創建成功了；
3、cron：該類型資源主要用於在被管控端管理週期計劃任務
主要屬性
command：要執行的任務；
ensure：描述是目標狀態，取值present/absent；
hour：定義小時時間；
minute：定義分鐘時間；
monthday：定義月份的某一天時間；
month：定義月份
weekday：定義周時間；
user：以哪個用戶的身份運行命令；
target：添加爲哪個用戶的任務；
name：cron job的名稱；
示例：創建時間同步週期計劃任務
[root@node12 ~]# cat cron.pp
cron{"timesync":
command => '/usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.0.99 &> /dev/null',
ensure => present,
minute => '*/5',
user => 'root'
}
[root@node12 ~]#
執行清單，看看是否生成周期計劃任務？
[root@node12 ~]# crontab -l no crontab for root [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop cron.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606913457' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Cron[timesync]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v cron.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606913462' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Cron[timesync]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds [root@node12 ~]# crontab -l # HEADER: This file was autogenerated at 2020-12-02 20:51:02 +0800 by puppet. # HEADER: While it can still be managed manually, it is definitely not recommended. # HEADER: Note particularly that the comments starting with 'Puppet Name' should # HEADER: not be deleted, as doing so could cause duplicate cron jobs. # Puppet Name: timesync */5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.0.99 &> /dev/null [root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到週期計劃任務已經創建；
4、notify：該類型資源主要用來向agent運行日誌發送消息，如果是單機模型，則輸出到屏幕，如果是master/agent模型則記錄到日誌中；
主要屬性
message：信息內容；
name：信息名稱；
示例
[root@node12 ~]# cat notify.pp
notify{"say hello ":
message => "hello everyone .."
}
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v notify.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.01 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606914189'
Notice: hello everyone ..
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Notify[say hello ]/message: defined 'message' as 'hello everyone ..'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds
[root@node12 ~]#
ok，以上是puppet中4中核心資源的使用和相關演示，以及資源與資源間的通知/訂閱關係的定義；