之前的時候,我爲了演示Linux配置提交項目執行環境,簡單的整理了一下springboot得相關內容,但是在實際的開發過程中,SpringBoot得使用可不僅僅就是這一點點遍歷而已,在SpringBoot中推薦使用thymeleaf模板引擎,簡單點評價這個模板就是語法簡單,功能更強大,雖然這個技術現在已經停止更新,並且在這個前後端分離的時代顯得有點格格不入,但是,在某些實際的生產場景中,還是相當好用的
所以今天我們來看一下這個強大得模板引擎到底有多強大
公衆號:Java架構師聯盟,後期會開放git倉庫地址
添加thymeleaf模板
這裏有兩種創建方式
1.新建springBoot項目
只需要在創建springboot項目的時候,添加thymeleaf即可
2.已經創建得項目中加入thymeleaf模板引擎 要想引入thymeleaf,只需要在pom.xml文件中加入如下依賴就可以了,但是有一個注意點,我在代碼註釋中解釋了
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34080" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
</pre>
項目編寫
在controller中定義跳轉的頁面
代碼架構:
之前的時候我說過,入口類會自動尋找子包或者平行類,所以初學者要注意以下這個點哦
我這是沿用之前的時候寫的代碼,直接創建了一個thymeleaf展示今天的內容
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34088" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">package com.example.demo.thymeleaf;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Map;
/**
- @author :biws
- @date :Created in 2020/12/18 19:43
- @description:在controller中定義跳轉頁面
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("hello")
@ResponseBody
public String hello() {
return "這是第二種搭建springboot方式";
}
@RequestMapping("testThymeleaf")
public String testThymeleaf(Map map) {
map.put("info", "這是從controller傳到前端界面得數據");
return "index";
}
}</pre>
這是第一個優點:會自動去templates文件夾下去找index.html
4.運行,然後訪問項目
輸入http://localhost:8080/testThymeleaf即可訪問index.html
奧對,忘記把index得代碼添加上來了
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34097" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>測試thymeleaf模板</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>歡迎來到測試thymeleaf界面</p>
<p th:text="${info}"></p>
</body>
</html></pre>
大家可能已經發現了
我在這個代碼中模擬前端返回數據,直接存儲到map中,因爲在寫一個界面有點費勁,畢竟像我這種懶癌患者,哈哈哈哈
而在index中,獲取數據之後,通過info這個id進行獲取
最後展示的結果就是這樣
而區別於傳統得數據獲取方式,thymeleaf有其自己得標籤語法,那我們來看一下都有哪些標籤語法呢?
thymeleaf標籤語法
常用標籤介紹
下面我整理幾種常用得知識點
幾種常用的使用方法
1、賦值、字符串拼接
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34120" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><p th:text="{user.name} + '!'"></pre>
字符串拼接還有另外一種簡潔的寫法
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34122" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span th:text="|Welcome to our application, ${user.name}!|"></pre>
2、條件判斷 If/Unless
Thymeleaf中使用th:if和th:unless屬性進行條件判斷,下面的例子中,<a>標籤只有在th:if中條件成立時才顯示:
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34125" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><a th:if="{session.user != null} th:href="@{/login}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Login</a></pre>
th:unless與th:if恰好相反,只有表達式中的條件不成立,纔會顯示其內容。
也可以使用 (if) ? (then) : (else) 這種語法來判斷顯示的內容
3、for 循環
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34129" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><tr th:each="collect,iterStat : {collect.id}">1</th>
<td >
<img th:src="{collect.url}">Mark</td>
<td th:text="{collect.description}">@mdo</td>
<td th:text="${terStat.index}">index</td>
</tr></pre>
iterStat稱作狀態變量,屬性有:
index:當前迭代對象的index(從0開始計算)
count: 當前迭代對象的index(從1開始計算)
size:被迭代對象的大小
current:當前迭代變量
even/odd:布爾值,當前循環是否是偶數/奇數(從0開始計算)
first:布爾值,當前循環是否是第一個
last:布爾值,當前循環是否是最後一個
4、URL
URL在Web應用模板中佔據着十分重要的地位,需要特別注意的是Thymeleaf對於URL的處理是通過語法@{…}來處理的。 如果需要Thymeleaf對URL進行渲染,那麼務必使用th:href,th:src等屬性,下面是一個例子
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34141" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<a th:href="@{/standard/{type}(type=${type})}" rel="external nofollow" >view</a>
<a href="details.html" rel="external nofollow" th:href="@{/order/{orderId}/details(orderId=${o.id})}" rel="external nofollow" >view</a></pre>
5、使用thymeleaf佈局
使用thymeleaf佈局非常的方便
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34144" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<footer th:fragment="copy">
© 2016
</footer>
<body>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
</body>
<body>
<div> © 2016 </div>
<footer>© 2016 </footer>
</body></pre>
下面是一個常用的後臺頁面佈局,將整個頁面分爲頭部,尾部、菜單欄、隱藏欄,點擊菜單隻改變content區域的頁面
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34148" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><body class="layout-fixed">
<div th:fragment="navbar" class="wrapper" role="navigation">
<div th:replace="fragments/header :: header">Header</div>
<div th:replace="fragments/left :: left">left</div>
<div th:replace="fragments/sidebar :: sidebar">sidebar</div>
<div layout:fragment="content" id="content" ></div>
<div th:replace="fragments/footer :: footer">footer</div>
</div>
</body></pre>
任何頁面想使用這樣的佈局值只需要替換中間的 content模塊即可
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34150" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" layout:decorator="layout">
<body>
<section layout:fragment="content">
...</pre>
也可以在引用模版的時候傳參
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n34152" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><head th:include="layout :: htmlhead" th:with="title='Hello'"></head>
th:fragment="copy"]</pre>
好啦,一些基礎得應用這裏基本全涵蓋了,一定要去好好練習一下啊