你一年讀幾本書？
全世界每年閱讀書籍排名第一的是猶太人，一年平均每人是64本。而中國13億人口，扣除教科書，平均每人一年讀書1本都不到。
The No.1 book reader in the world each year is Jewish, with an average of 64 books per person each year. And China's 1.3 billion people, excluding textbooks, read less than one book a year on average.
猶太人愛讀書的祕密是什麼呢？
What is the secret of the Jewish love of reading?
讀書是一種信仰
Reading is part of the Jewish faith
猶太人是“聖經的子民”。可以說，沒有《聖經》，就沒有猶太民族和他們的歷史。猶太教是民族基石，也是信仰和生活方式，既有簡單樸素的戒律，也有豐富的歷史、文化、哲學等知識。《聖經》讀本延續着強大的民族精神，支撐着社會道德和文化。
Jews are "people of the Bible.". It can be said that without the Bible, there would be no Jewish people and their history. Judaism is not only the cornerstone of a nation, but also the belief and way of life. It has not only simple precepts, but also rich knowledge of history, culture and philosophy. Biblical reading continues the strong national spirit and supports social morality and culture.
猶太民族是節假日最多的民族，全家聚餐時首先會紀念祖先，人手一冊《哈加達》，從最年幼者輪流誦讀。《哈加達》公元２世紀就有，《塔木德》1/3的內容出自《哈加達》，8世紀成爲猶太傳統文化讀本和兒童課本。其體裁爲猶太民間故事、宗教詩文、寓言格言等，風格輕鬆有趣。其中“儉樸接近上帝，奢侈招致懲罰”、“幸福來自辛勞，坐享其成罪惡”、“光明正大，公平交易”、“己所不欲，勿施於人”和“信仰在於行動”等格言，成爲孩子們成長的人生指南。
Jewish people are the nation with the most holidays. When the whole family gathers for dinner, they will first commemorate their ancestors. They will read hagada from the youngest in turn. Hagada was published in the 2nd century AD, and one third of Talmud came from hagada. In the 8th century, it became a traditional Jewish Culture Book and children's textbook. Its genres are Jewish Folktales, religious poems, fables and aphorisms, etc. Among them, the maxims of "frugal approach to God, luxury leads to punishment", "happiness comes from hard work, and enjoy sin", "fair and aboveboard, fair trade", "don't do to others what you don't want" and "faith lies in action" have become the life guides for children's growth.
猶太人關於讀書的格言還有很多，比如，“讀書方知敬畏知識”，“學然後知不足”，“謙卑來自學習”。這與中國古代經典的表述極其相似。只是，經過漫長的歷史變遷，我們離開這些優良傳統有些遠了。
There are many Jewish proverbs about reading, such as "Only after reading can we know how to revere knowledge", "One discovers his ignorance only through learning", "Humility comes from learning". This is very similar to the expression of ancient Chinese classics. However, after a long history of changes, we are far away from these fine traditions.
讓你的書成爲你的伴侶
猶太哲學家塞繆爾·伊本·蒂本說：“讓你的書成爲你的伴侶。” 他把他的圖書館稱爲“最好的寶藏”、“最好的伴侶”，把書架稱爲“最美麗的歡樂花園”。
Jewish philosopher Samuel ibn Tibbon said, “ Make your books your companions.” He refers to his library as his "best treasure," his "best companion," and to his book-shelves as "the most beautiful pleasure gardens."
埋葬書
在猶太傳統中，書籍被埋葬而不是扔掉；這顯示了猶太人對書籍的高度尊重。Zig Ziglar在銷售方面取得了巨大成功，他說：“富人有小電視和大圖書館，窮人有小圖書館和大電視。”
In Jewish tradition, books are buried instead of being thrown away; this shows the depth of respect that Jews have for books. Zig Ziglar, who built a wildly successful career in sales, said, “Rich people have small TVs and big libraries, and poor people have small libraries and big TVs.”
讀書同糧食和水一樣重要
猶太人愛讀書，而且是從小就愛讀書，對於他們來說，讀書同糧食和水一樣重要，讀書是他們生活中不可或缺的一部分。
Jews love reading, and they love reading since childhood. For them, reading is as important as food and water, and reading is an indispensable part of their life.
據相關統計，猶太人平均每人每年讀64本書，閱讀量居世界之首。爲什麼猶太人每年的閱讀量這麼大呢，至少有以下幾個方面的原因。
According to relevant statistics, the average Jewish reads 64 books a year, ranking first in the world. There are at least several reasons why Jews read so much every year.
猶太民族——一個酷愛學習的民族
Jewish people -- a nation that loves learning
猶太民族的人口只佔世界的0.2%，但在過去的100多年裏，他們卻獲得了近30%的諾貝爾獎。
Jewish people account for only 0.2% of the world's population, but in the past 100 years, they have won nearly 30% of the Nobel Prize.
他們把祖先創造的《聖經》散播到世界各地；1948年，以色列建國不到一個月，就被迫宣戰，但他們在不間斷的戰火中、在遍佈戈壁和沙漠且缺少淡水的惡劣條件下，把新生的以色列建成了現代化的經濟強國。
They spread the Bible created by their ancestors all over the world. In 1948, less than a month after the founding of Israel, Israel was forced to declare war. However, they built the new Israel into a modern economic power in the midst of continuous war, in the harsh conditions of Gobi desert and lack of fresh water.
猶太人並不認爲他們比世界上其他民族的人更聰明，但他們承認自己比別人更勤奮。血淋淋的民族歷史、險惡的生存環境讓猶太人認識到，要想立足於世界民族之林，就必須靠知識、靠智慧。
Jews don't think they are smarter than other people in the world, but they admit that they are more diligent than others. The bloody national history and the dangerous living environment make the Jews realize that they must rely on knowledge and wisdom if they want to stand in the world.
猶太民族能夠取得如此大的成就，是注重教育的結果，是人民酷愛讀書學習的豐厚回報。
The Jewish people's great achievement is the result of paying attention to education and the rich reward of the people's love of reading and learning.
具有良好的閱讀風氣和習慣
Good reading atmosphere and habits
猶太人愛讀書的風氣是一代傳給一代的。猶太人從小在成年人的影響下就十分喜愛讀書，猶太孩子在剛剛牙牙學語時，就開始念《托拉經》句子，5歲學習經卷。猶太家長會用蜂蜜來鼓勵小孩子讀書，如果小朋友讀書讀得好，就會嚐到蜂蜜的甜美滋味。在孩子們眼中，知識是甜蜜的、幸福的。
The Jewish love of reading is handed down from generation to generation. Jewish children began to read Torah sentences when they were just beginning to speak. They learned the scriptures at the age of five. Jewish parents will use honey to encourage children to read. If children read well, they will taste the sweet taste of honey. In children's eyes, knowledge is sweet and happy.
猶太孩子從小就被告知“生命會有終點，讀書卻永無盡頭”。自古以來，猶太孩子經常會被問這樣一個問題：“假如有一天你的房子被燒燬，你的財產被搶光，你將帶着什麼東西逃命？”如果孩子回答是金錢或鑽石，母親將進一步問：“有一種沒有形態、沒有顏色、沒有氣味的寶貝，你知道是什麼嗎？”要是孩子回答不出來，母親就會說：“孩子，你要帶走的不是金錢，也不是鑽石，而是智慧。因爲智慧是任何人都搶不走的，你只要活着，智慧就永遠跟着你。因爲金錢裝在口袋裏，而智慧卻裝在你的腦袋裏。”
Jewish children have been told since childhood that "life will have an end, but reading will never end.". Since ancient times, Jewish children have often been asked such a question: "if one day your house was burned down and your property was robbed, what would you take with you to escape?" If the child's answer is money or diamonds, the mother will further ask: "there is a kind of treasure without shape, color and smell. Do you know what it is?" If the child can't answer, the mother will say, "son, what you want to take away is not money or diamonds, but wisdom. Because no one can take away wisdom. As long as you live, wisdom will always follow you. Because money is in your pocket, but wisdom is in your head. "
猶太人的閱讀量大是和他們的生活習慣分不開的。猶太人把讀書看成是一種習慣和美德。
The large amount of Jewish reading is inseparable from their living habits. Jews regard reading as a habit and virtue.
以色列實行的是文化開放和大衆文化政策。在以色列可以看到世界各國的報刊、書籍，它們被翻譯成多種語言通過各種渠道出售。據統計，以色列人均擁有圖書館和出版社的數量居全球之冠。而且，圖書的價格在以色列人的生活費用中是相對較低的，書店和圖書館遍佈城市的各個角落。在以色列，全國約有1/4的人有圖書館的借書證。
Israel implements a policy of cultural openness and mass culture. Newspapers and books from all over the world can be seen in Israel. They are translated into many languages and sold through various channels. According to statistics, Israel has the largest number of libraries and publishing houses per capita in the world. Moreover, the price of books is relatively low among the living expenses of the Israelites. Bookstores and libraries are all over the city. In Israel, about a quarter of the people in the country have library cards.
《聖經》十誡中的第四誡規定：當紀念安息日，守爲聖日。安息日是猶太教每週一日休息日，象徵創世記六日創造後的第七日。這一天，商店、飯店、娛樂場所大都關門謝客，公交車也停運，人們在家中靜心祈禱、反思，嚴禁走親訪友、外出旅遊和參加其他社會活動。唯獨有一件事是特許的，那就是讀書和買書，大大小小的書店都敞開着門營業，到這裏光顧的人絡繹不絕。書店裏擠滿了人，沒有人大聲喧譁吵鬧，人們都在靜悄悄地讀書。
The fourth commandment of the ten commandments of the Bible stipulates that the sabbath day should be commemorated and kept as a holy day. The Sabbath is a weekly rest day in Judaism, symbolizing the seventh day after the creation of the sixth day of Genesis. Most of them are forbidden to go out to visit their families, hotels, friends and other places of entertainment. Only one thing is licensed, that is, reading and buying books. Bookstores, big and small, are open to business, and there are an endless stream of patrons here. The bookstore was full of people. No one was noisy. People were reading quietly.