外刊閱讀:A database for wildlife conservation

在研究野生動物的時候,常常會用放在野外的自動照相機來拍攝它們。但是拍到的照片和視頻卻沒有好好利用,所以有人就專門建了一個數據庫。

A database for wildlife conservation

by Nathan Sing

A new website will allow anyone in the world to access millions of wildlife photos taken by camera traps.

access /ˈækses/ v. 存取(信息)、使用
trap /træp/ n. 陷阱(camera trap捕獲的是照片)

Researchers in the field often use camera traps to remotely photograph the intimate lives of animals. These stationary(不動的) cameras have a sensor that is triggered by heat or movement, letting researchers monitor animals without disturbing them.

researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者(由research加上表示人的後綴-er)
the field 現場、實地
remotely /rɪˈməʊtli/ adv. 遠程地(由remote加後綴-ly變成副詞)
photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/ v. 拍照
intimate /ˈɪntɪmət/ adj. 私下的
sensor /ˈsensə(r)/ n. 傳感器
trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ v. 引發
movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ n. 移動、運動(由move加後綴-ment變成名詞)
monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ v. 監控
disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ v. 打擾

The traps can be deployed for months at a time, sometimes capturing hundreds of thousands of images. But these images, and the valuable information they reveal, typically just sit on researchers' hard drives, unavailable to anyone else, according to Jorge Ahumada, a scientist with environmental nonprofit Conservation International.

deploy /dɪˈplɔɪ/ v. 部署
at a time 一次
capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ v. 拍照
image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n. 圖片、照片
reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v. 揭示
hard drive 電腦硬盤
unavailable /ˌʌnəˈveɪləb(ə)l/ adj. 不可得到的、無法利用的(由available加上表示否定的前綴un-)
environmental /ɪnˌvaɪr(ə)nˈment(ə)l/ adj. 環境的(由environment加後綴-al變成形容詞)
nonprofit /ˌnɒnˈprɒfɪt/ n. 非營利組織(由profit加上表示否定的前綴non-)
conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ n. (動植物、環境等)保護

So Ahumada set about creating an online platform where researchers could share their photos. Wildlife Insights launched in December as the world's largest camera-trap database, hosting over 4.5 million images.

set about 開始做某事
platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ n. 平臺
insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. 洞察、洞見
launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. 開始、啓動
database /ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/ n. 數據庫
host /həʊst/ v. 爲(網站等)提供存儲空間

Supported by the World Wildlife Fund, among others, the idea is to encourage collaboration between biologists and wildlife conservation organizations, and bring camera trap footage(視頻片段) to the fore of conservation efforts.

fund /fʌnd/ n. 基金
collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 合作、協作
biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物學家(由biology加上表示人的後綴-ist)
to the fore /fɔː(r)/ 在顯著位置

As well as making images available to other researchers, the site uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) designed by Google to overcome a key problem with these kinds of photos: camera traps produce an astronomical(天文數字的) number of images to manually analyze, says Ahumada, many of which are blank images where the camera was triggered by its surroundings and not by wildlife. Manually sorting and deleting these photos is a laborious(耗時費力的) task.

as well as = in addition to 除了
artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ adj. 人工的、人造的
intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒ(ə)ns/ n. 智力、智能
overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v. 克服、戰勝
key /kiː/ adj. 關鍵的
manually /ˈmænjuəli/ adv. 手工地(由manual加後綴-ly變成副詞)
analyze /ˈæn(ə)laɪz/ v. 分析
blank /blæŋk/ adj. 空白的
surroundings /səˈraʊndɪŋz/ n. 周邊環境
sort /sɔːt/ v. 分類
task /tɑːsk/ n. 任務

To get around that, after someone uploads footage to the Wildlife Insights database, its AI verifies if the image was taken from a camera trap and automatically removes all blank images. If there is an animal in the image, the AI will identify the species. Currently, the AI recognizes about 450 animal species, which Ahumada said will increase over time as more footage is collected from all parts of the world.

get round something 解決某個問題
verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/ v. 驗證、覈實
automatically /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk(ə)li/ adv. 自動地(由automatic加後綴-ally變成副詞)
identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 識別、辨認出
species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物種(單數和複數都是species)
currently /ˈkʌr(ə)ntli/ adv. 現在、目前(由current加後綴-ly變成副詞)
over time 隨着時間的推移

Apart from collecting and reviewing the photos, the platform will provide analytics(數據分析) that could reveal trends in species' population for different projects. That information could help researchers understand whether a species is increasing its range or if its numbers are in decline.

apart from 除了
review /rɪˈvjuː/ v. 審覈、評審
project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ n. 項目、研究項目
range /reɪndʒ/ n. 分佈區域
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ n. 下降、減少

While open access is key, the platform has taken steps to make sure this information doesn't get into the wrong hands. "You will have to ask Wildlife Insights for permission to get the locations of the images," said Ahumada. "That is a vetting process that we will manage carefully because we know that poachers(偷獵者) and other actors with nefarious(罪惡的) purposes will use this information to find endangered species."

access /ˈækses/ n. 存取(信息)、使用機會
step /step/ n. 步驟、措施
make sure 確保
permission /pəˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 准許、許可
vet /vet/ v. 審查、審覈
process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 過程
actor /ˈæktə(r)/ n. 行爲人、參與者
endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ adj. 瀕危的

As internet connectivity improves and becomes increasingly ubiquitous(無處不在的), Ahumada ultimately expects to have "camera traps identifying the images on the hardware itself" and the capability for traps to "send information directly to the cloud" without a person physically retrieving the footage from the device and manually uploading the data to the platform.

connectivity /ˌkɒnekˈtɪvəti/ n. 連通性
increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/ adv. 越來越
ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv. 最終
capability /ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/ n. 能力
the cloud 雲端服務
physically /ˈfɪzɪk(ə)li/ adv. 身體地、親身地(這裏指需要人到現場;由physical加後綴-ly變成副詞)
retrieve /rɪˈtriːv/ v. 找到並取回
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 設備、裝置
data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 數據

原文格式更豐富,點此查看

(如果您發現某些行的最後一個單詞被分成兩半了,請把您使用的瀏覽器升級到最新版本就能正常顯示了。)

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