被特朗普带火后，这款软件却被苹果、谷歌和亚马逊全面封杀

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在刚过去的周末，一款因特朗普迅速火起来的社交App，也或将因特朗普而走向消亡。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被特朗普支持者选中的App"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国科技巨头苹果、谷歌和亚马逊正对一款聚集众多特朗普支持者的社交平台Parler进行封杀。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parler是一家标榜言论自由、不偏不倚的社交媒体平台，这对于在Twitter、Facebook等平台失意的特朗普及其支持者来说，是重要的替代性平台。早前特朗普的竞选活动推动了Parler的发展，过去几个月该平台的用户量亦增长迅速，特朗普和他的几个子女在Parler上都有账号。Parler亦几度成为Android和iOS美国下载榜的榜首。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从上周五晚开始，谷歌、苹果和亚马逊分别对Parler进行下架和停服处理，理由是Parler对内容缺乏管理，平台仍充斥大量有害的煽动暴力和犯罪的言论。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"苹果曾在上周五给Parler发整改通知，限其在24小时内解决问题。周六，苹果在一份声明中表示已将Parler从App Store中下架，直到他们解决这些问题为止。苹果认为，Parler采取的减缓或防止危险和非法内容扩散的程序是不充分的。“我们一直支持在App Store上体现不同的观点，但我们的平台上不允许暴力威胁和非法活动存在。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随后亚马逊也称将不再向Parler提供云服务。据BuzzFeedNews，Parler每月向AWS支付超过30万美元的托管费用。但有分析认为，即使不用云服务，自建数据中心也是困难重重，未必有其它托管服务商愿意提供服务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/yy\/1d\/yy9a255ef3945460cb4d896928f0f61d.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这次科技巨头围剿的导火线为特朗普在上周三煽动暴徒入侵美国国会大厦。事件发生的隔天TikTok也宣布将封禁所有有关特朗普煽动暴徒的内容。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据Axios统计，目前已经有大量软件对特朗普的相关账户采取了封禁或限制措施，包括Facebook、TikTok、Youtube、Instagram、Snapchat、Pinterest、Reddit、视频软件Twitch、电商软件Shopify和Discord。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parler首席执行官John Matze在自己的平台账户上对亚马逊、谷歌和苹果展开抨击，他指控这三家公司在明知Parler没有多少选择的情况下采取了一致的措施，而且由于特朗普已经被其他社交媒体平台封杀，所以此举将构成极大的破坏。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/03\/0b\/034ebb38ffc46325bc693e139dea350b.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不过Parler亦开始有所妥协。外媒指出，周日Parler删除了特朗普的竞选律师兼支持者林·伍德（Lin Wood）的多条帖子，其中包括伍德在帖子里呼吁对副总统迈克·彭斯（Mike Pence）采取暴力手段。这是该社交平台首次删除一位高调保守派人士的内容。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parler会消失吗"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parler在2018年9月上线，总部设在美国内华达州的亨德森市。根据Sensor Tower的统计，去年Parler的下载量超过1000万次，其中80％在美国。伴随巨头的围剿，它或许很快就要消失。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"John Matze在最新的采访中指出，公司可能会破产。他表示难以找到新的服务供应商。“所有（服务）供应商--从短信服务到电子邮件供应商再到我们的律师等所有合作伙伴，在同一天抛弃了我们。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他补充道：“我们会尽最大努力尽快恢复在线。但我们遇到了很多麻烦，因为与我们交谈的每个供应商都说他们不会与我们合作。因为如果苹果不批准，谷歌不批准，那么他们也不会批准。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Matze承认，针对Parler的这些禁令可能会导致该公司停业。他还称这些禁令正在引发对保护言论自由的担心，并认为是“对每个人的攻击。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上周三的国会暴乱事件发生几小时后，Matze在接受《纽约时报》采访时说：“我对这一切都不承担任何责任，平台也不应承担责任，因为我们是一个只需遵守法律的中立的‘城市广场’（意指开放的公共空间）。 ”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外据纽约时报报道，Parler的首席运营官Jeffrey Wernick在接受采访时说，已经听到有几家公司愿意给Parler提供帮助。但他拒绝透露这些公司的名字。“从现在起一个月后Parler会是什么样，我不能告诉你。”他说， “但是Parler不会消失。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parler现已成为互联网言论自由以及Facebook，谷歌，苹果和亚马逊等科技巨头是否拥有过多权力的讨论案例。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"纽约时报指出，多年来，Facebook和Twitter捍卫了人们对在其网站上畅所欲言的能力，而亚马逊，苹果，谷歌也不会去管Parler这类应用的运营，这使得网络上总流传着错误和虚假信息。后来这些科技公司对特朗普和Parler采取的限制行动受到了自由派和其他人士的称赞。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但是，此举也引发了人们的疑问，即私人企业可以如何决定“谁留在网上，谁不留在网上”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以Twitter为例，加拿大邮报传媒集团数据科学经理、评论人士李军在其FT专栏文章中评价道：Twitter对于特朗普的全面永久封杀，给我们演示了社交媒体巨头是如何进行“无需审判，就地枪决”操作的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"李军认为，言论自由的界限是由国家的法律来界定的，而不是由互联网平台的内部规则来界定的。如果互联网平台认为自己用户的内容突破了言论自由的界限，可以拿起法律的武器，获得司法或者行政机关的合法授权后永久封杀某个用户。否则互联网平台只能根据已经发布的内容是否违规来采取相关限制措施，而不能假设风险，根据过往的历史来针对某个具体个人进行封杀。如果不能明确这一点，互联网平台就在事实上获得了平台的言论裁判权 -- 而且是针对具体个人而不是某个虚拟账号的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在被禁止进入Twitter后，特朗普曾在一份声明中说，他将“考虑在不久的将来建立我们自己的平台的可能性。”"}]}]}