{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"译者注"},{"type":"text","text":"：在中国，“脱离”甲骨文，是被迫的行为，因为国家层面在推动去 IOE（IBM 的小型机、Oracle 的数据库、EMC 的存储），减少高新技术行业对国外的依赖。但是国产替代品一方面其性能、可靠性还不足以完全取代，另一方面由于兼容性、风险控制的原因，替代也是长期逐步进行时。无独有偶，国外大厂也在尝试“脱离”甲骨文，早在十年前，IBM 就曾发起过“破甲行动”。最近几年，亚马逊、Salesforce 等正在开发自己的数据库，以脱离甲骨文。这是怎么回事呢？尽管甲骨文在传统领域仍然有稳定性和性能上的优势，但是它的问题也特别的多。归根到底，是甲骨文落后于时代太多，不能适应现在的业务场景，维护和运行成本又很高，而且不可控，出问题只能找甲骨文解决。本文作者给出了“脱离”甲骨文的思路。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"越来越多的组织向我们表达了这种愿望。有时候会成为一个很无聊的问题。但这只是一半的愿望。很明显，组织们已经不再需要一样东西了，但是他们还没有明确表示他们需要什么。我们在此追求什么？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"那么甲骨文（Oracle）究竟意味着什么？甲骨文拥有广泛的产品组合，当然也是一家公司，一种业务关系。我们是否应该撤掉所有的产品，并断绝与甲骨文的一切联系？求助者是否完全不知道他们的公司正在使用该供应商的产品？很明显，这样的操作需要相当大的成本、精力和风险，是否有一些商业案例？正如我们作为架构师所被问及的所有问题，我们必须理解请求的背景和真正的目的，因此我们将提出一个“权力问题”：为什么？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在本文中，我们先来看一下想要脱离甲骨文的原因。接下来，我们将描述“甲骨文”一词所代表的内容——在各个级别的技术栈和不同的业务领域中，有 2000 多种产品。最终，我们将会描述出“脱离”的含义：定义你要“迁移”的地方，然后实际去那里。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"如果你对当前的 IT 现状不满意，那么就很清楚了，为什么你应该考虑放弃甲骨文或者其他厂商的技术。你需要专注于实际问题和目标，并为你的实际需要制定适当的路线图。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么（脱离甲骨文）？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这种请求帮助脱离甲骨文的背后原因，通常是甲骨文公司代表的行为。强硬的、短期的销售行为、对客户成功（与所收购的甲骨文产品有关）有限的明显兴趣、持续的沟通中断，以及来自许可证管理服务（License Management Service，LMS）的意想不到的、大量增加成本的裁决，以及无法理解的价格结构变化，这些因素的组合阻碍了许多甲骨文客户的发展。高价格的支持组织的认知价值下降，以及雇佣 ACS 来实际解决问题的额外成本，也是不利的。甲骨文似乎经常被认为是僵化、生硬、利用客户的依赖性和误导性的傲慢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“跟一个这样对待你的利害关系人一起，你就别想做生意了。毕竟，他们的产品并没有那么特别。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"和许多供应商一样，当然也不比其他供应商逊色，甲骨文也热衷于推出新产品，停产现有产品，有时产品生命周期短得惊人，而且也不总是关注现有客户的清晰迁移路径。甲骨文的产品团队通常是严格地从他们自己的背景出发，而不会在与客户一起构建的历史和由客户构建的历史方面承担太多的协调和责任。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"恼怒是差劲的顾问。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"尽管在许多情况下，恼怒是很容易理解的，但是这本身并不能迅速地为类似的情况提供一个合理的商业理由，从而摆脱甲骨文（产品）或其他供应商的产品。正如恐惧、不确定和怀疑一样，恼怒也是一种不好的引导。但这有理由让人恼火，这会给商业关系蒙上一层阴影，同时也是对这段关系进行批判性评价的原因。但这类评估应采用商业和技术原因，而不是情绪化的反应来完成。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"有些事情可以而且应该去做。与任何其他关系一样，与对方交谈并讨论这些问题会对所有相关方都有帮助。无论是否是由甲骨文合作伙伴和 \/ 或其他甲骨文客户共同参与，与甲骨文组织进行认真的对话，都有可能有助于消除误解或恼怒。如果不能对备选方案或商业案例进行适当的分析，仅凭直觉作出情绪化的反应，脱离甲骨文（技术和供应商），则可能导致更坏的结果。退后一步，深呼吸，尽可能客观地评价形势，这总是更好的选择。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持续技术评估"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"对组织所使用的技术栈进行定期评估是一种良好的实践，它应该产生一个更新的路线图，其中包括一个中期计划，以便加以巩固、严格控制或淘汰，并用可行的备选方案来取代。要注意的是，继续使用一个组件和选择替代它一样，都是一项决策。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这类定期审查可防止组织采用和维护已不安全的技术，或在市场支持不足时可能承担更多的责任，从而增加了依赖供应商的风险，也增加了维护、操作和开发成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"因为市场压力和业务不断变化，IT 应该提供一个方法来应对这些压力。这也是对架构和技术栈以及它们仍然提供创新功能的能力进行持续评估的另一个原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“在我的新云里没有旧垃圾。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"很多组织都特别想要重新考虑技术堆栈，这就需要制定云策略。到了重新审视 IT 领域已经建立很久的产品（这当然也适用于 SAP、微软或 IBM 等），并将其淘汰的时候了。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成本高昂"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"谈到成本问题时，我们有时会遇到另一场关于甲骨文的争论：“成本（太）高”。这个听起来可能没有那么感情用事，但是它仍然是很主观的。“昂贵”是一种判断，它反映了成本和收入之间的关系，也就是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"与现实的替代方案相比较"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"昂贵"},{"type":"text","text":" ="}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（运营成本 + 管理成本 + 维护成本） > 收入"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"||"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（甲骨文解决方案的运营成本 + 管理成本 + 维护成本）>> （同等替代栈的成本）"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"当然，可以想象，现有的基于甲骨文的解决方案的成本要高于它所产生的业务效益，或者高于替代解决方案的成本。要是这样，迁移的成本就可以收回来，这看起来就是将特定的应用脱离甲骨文的最好理由。注意：现有的基于甲骨文的解决方案可能太大，这会产生额外的成本，而这些成本可以通过减少运行时环境的规模而得以降低。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"假如你用今天的技术，就像 15 年前的老版本一样，你会得到 15 年前的成果（而 15 年的创新并没有让你受益）。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/dc\/dc017dad892d1b63c1477cfb3a8583cf.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"企业想要经常摆脱的东西往往是一个复杂的方面，它阻碍业务创新，并增加 IT 成本；甲骨文在很多情况下都是这种混合的一部分（IBM、微软、SAP 也是如此）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"尽管甲骨文目前的环境功能很差，而且价格并不便宜，但是可以想像，如果使用同样的产品，比如更有效、更好的使用，就会有很好的效果。甲骨文的开发者和管理员们使用了 2020 年的技术，就像他们使用 2010 年甚至 1995 年的技术一样。云计算进一步加快了技术创新的速度：每隔一季或者更短的时间就会发布新的功能和更好的机制。对当前技术能力的更好理解，以及对更现代的软件交付和软件操作管理的过程设计，能够带来实质性的、令人惊讶的结果改进。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"路线图对所有技术组件和与之一起创建的系统来说都是非常重要的，一个前进的方向。6R 模型描述了可以考虑的各种方向：退役（Retire）、保留（Retain）、重新托管（Rehost）、重构（Refactor）与重新架构（Rearchitect）、重新平台（Replatform）和重新购买（Repurchase）。简单的说就是：告别、保留（可能还有现代化）、带到新的环境（通常是云端）、现代化和改进（在同一基础上进行翻新）、用新选择的平台组件重建、用标准解决方案替换。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"6R：摆脱当前甲骨文组件的六种方法。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"可以通过以下方式探讨“脱离甲骨文”的愿望：从以甲骨文某些产品的成本、灵活性、可管理性、安全性和规模为基础的现状走向一个理想的情况，在此基础上，可以开发、推出和管理具有吸引力的总体拥有成本的敏捷控制软件。这张图直观地展示了这些选项。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 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甲骨文ACE总监：你真的能做到“去Oracle”吗？
{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"译者注"},{"type":"text","text":"：在中国，“脱离”甲骨文，是被迫的行为，因为国家层面在推动去 IOE（IBM 的小型机、Oracle 的数据库、EMC 的存储），减少高新技术行业对国外的依赖。但是国产替代品一方面其性能、可靠性还不足以完全取代，另一方面由于兼容性、风险控制的原因，替代也是长期逐步进行时。无独有偶，国外大厂也在尝试“脱离”甲骨文，早在十年前，IBM 就曾发起过“破甲行动”。最近几年，亚马逊、Salesforce 等正在开发自己的数据库，以脱离甲骨文。这是怎么回事呢？尽管甲骨文在传统领域仍然有稳定性和性能上的优势，但是它的问题也特别的多。归根到底，是甲骨文落后于时代太多，不能适应现在的业务场景，维护和运行成本又很高，而且不可控，出问题只能找甲骨文解决。本文作者给出了“脱离”甲骨文的思路。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"越来越多的组织向我们表达了这种愿望。有时候会成为一个很无聊的问题。但这只是一半的愿望。很明显，组织们已经不再需要一样东西了，但是他们还没有明确表示他们需要什么。我们在此追求什么？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"那么甲骨文（Oracle）究竟意味着什么？甲骨文拥有广泛的产品组合，当然也是一家公司，一种业务关系。我们是否应该撤掉所有的产品，并断绝与甲骨文的一切联系？求助者是否完全不知道他们的公司正在使用该供应商的产品？很明显，这样的操作需要相当大的成本、精力和风险，是否有一些商业案例？正如我们作为架构师所被问及的所有问题，我们必须理解请求的背景和真正的目的，因此我们将提出一个“权力问题”：为什么？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在本文中，我们先来看一下想要脱离甲骨文的原因。接下来，我们将描述“甲骨文”一词所代表的内容——在各个级别的技术栈和不同的业务领域中，有 2000 多种产品。最终，我们将会描述出“脱离”的含义：定义你要“迁移”的地方，然后实际去那里。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"如果你对当前的 IT 现状不满意，那么就很清楚了，为什么你应该考虑放弃甲骨文或者其他厂商的技术。你需要专注于实际问题和目标，并为你的实际需要制定适当的路线图。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么（脱离甲骨文）？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这种请求帮助脱离甲骨文的背后原因，通常是甲骨文公司代表的行为。强硬的、短期的销售行为、对客户成功（与所收购的甲骨文产品有关）有限的明显兴趣、持续的沟通中断，以及来自许可证管理服务（License Management Service，LMS）的意想不到的、大量增加成本的裁决，以及无法理解的价格结构变化，这些因素的组合阻碍了许多甲骨文客户的发展。高价格的支持组织的认知价值下降，以及雇佣 ACS 来实际解决问题的额外成本，也是不利的。甲骨文似乎经常被认为是僵化、生硬、利用客户的依赖性和误导性的傲慢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“跟一个这样对待你的利害关系人一起，你就别想做生意了。毕竟，他们的产品并没有那么特别。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"和许多供应商一样，当然也不比其他供应商逊色，甲骨文也热衷于推出新产品，停产现有产品，有时产品生命周期短得惊人，而且也不总是关注现有客户的清晰迁移路径。甲骨文的产品团队通常是严格地从他们自己的背景出发，而不会在与客户一起构建的历史和由客户构建的历史方面承担太多的协调和责任。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"恼怒是差劲的顾问。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"尽管在许多情况下，恼怒是很容易理解的，但是这本身并不能迅速地为类似的情况提供一个合理的商业理由，从而摆脱甲骨文（产品）或其他供应商的产品。正如恐惧、不确定和怀疑一样，恼怒也是一种不好的引导。但这有理由让人恼火，这会给商业关系蒙上一层阴影，同时也是对这段关系进行批判性评价的原因。但这类评估应采用商业和技术原因，而不是情绪化的反应来完成。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"有些事情可以而且应该去做。与任何其他关系一样，与对方交谈并讨论这些问题会对所有相关方都有帮助。无论是否是由甲骨文合作伙伴和 \/ 或其他甲骨文客户共同参与，与甲骨文组织进行认真的对话，都有可能有助于消除误解或恼怒。如果不能对备选方案或商业案例进行适当的分析，仅凭直觉作出情绪化的反应，脱离甲骨文（技术和供应商），则可能导致更坏的结果。退后一步，深呼吸，尽可能客观地评价形势，这总是更好的选择。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持续技术评估"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"对组织所使用的技术栈进行定期评估是一种良好的实践，它应该产生一个更新的路线图，其中包括一个中期计划，以便加以巩固、严格控制或淘汰，并用可行的备选方案来取代。要注意的是，继续使用一个组件和选择替代它一样，都是一项决策。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这类定期审查可防止组织采用和维护已不安全的技术，或在市场支持不足时可能承担更多的责任，从而增加了依赖供应商的风险，也增加了维护、操作和开发成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"因为市场压力和业务不断变化，IT 应该提供一个方法来应对这些压力。这也是对架构和技术栈以及它们仍然提供创新功能的能力进行持续评估的另一个原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“在我的新云里没有旧垃圾。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"很多组织都特别想要重新考虑技术堆栈，这就需要制定云策略。到了重新审视 IT 领域已经建立很久的产品（这当然也适用于 SAP、微软或 IBM 等），并将其淘汰的时候了。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成本高昂"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"谈到成本问题时，我们有时会遇到另一场关于甲骨文的争论：“成本（太）高”。这个听起来可能没有那么感情用事，但是它仍然是很主观的。“昂贵”是一种判断，它反映了成本和收入之间的关系，也就是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"与现实的替代方案相比较"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"昂贵"},{"type":"text","text":" ="}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（运营成本 + 管理成本 + 维护成本） > 收入"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"||"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（甲骨文解决方案的运营成本 + 管理成本 + 维护成本）>> （同等替代栈的成本）"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"当然，可以想象，现有的基于甲骨文的解决方案的成本要高于它所产生的业务效益，或者高于替代解决方案的成本。要是这样，迁移的成本就可以收回来，这看起来就是将特定的应用脱离甲骨文的最好理由。注意：现有的基于甲骨文的解决方案可能太大，这会产生额外的成本，而这些成本可以通过减少运行时环境的规模而得以降低。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"假如你用今天的技术，就像 15 年前的老版本一样，你会得到 15 年前的成果（而 15 年的创新并没有让你受益）。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/dc\/dc017dad892d1b63c1477cfb3a8583cf.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"企业想要经常摆脱的东西往往是一个复杂的方面，它阻碍业务创新，并增加 IT 成本；甲骨文在很多情况下都是这种混合的一部分（IBM、微软、SAP 也是如此）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"尽管甲骨文目前的环境功能很差，而且价格并不便宜，但是可以想像，如果使用同样的产品，比如更有效、更好的使用，就会有很好的效果。甲骨文的开发者和管理员们使用了 2020 年的技术，就像他们使用 2010 年甚至 1995 年的技术一样。云计算进一步加快了技术创新的速度：每隔一季或者更短的时间就会发布新的功能和更好的机制。对当前技术能力的更好理解，以及对更现代的软件交付和软件操作管理的过程设计，能够带来实质性的、令人惊讶的结果改进。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"路线图对所有技术组件和与之一起创建的系统来说都是非常重要的，一个前进的方向。6R 模型描述了可以考虑的各种方向：退役（Retire）、保留（Retain）、重新托管（Rehost）、重构（Refactor）与重新架构（Rearchitect）、重新平台（Replatform）和重新购买（Repurchase）。简单的说就是：告别、保留（可能还有现代化）、带到新的环境（通常是云端）、现代化和改进（在同一基础上进行翻新）、用新选择的平台组件重建、用标准解决方案替换。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"6R：摆脱当前甲骨文组件的六种方法。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"可以通过以下方式探讨“脱离甲骨文”的愿望：从以甲骨文某些产品的成本、灵活性、可管理性、安全性和规模为基础的现状走向一个理想的情况，在此基础上，可以开发、推出和管理具有吸引力的总体拥有成本的敏捷控制软件。这张图直观地展示了这些选项。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 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