馬斯克再談MBA無用論：畢業生擅長做PPT，但不懂怎麼帶領企業成功

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MBA火爆背後，批評聲不斷。MBA到底有沒有用？"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克：MBA學位持有者不懂如何帶領企業成功"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MBA（工商管理碩士）被認爲是培養管理精英的大本營，旨在培養高質量、具有卓越領導能力的職業工商管理人才。MBA最早起源於美國，已有百年曆史。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，馬斯克對這一人才培養模式發表了否定言論。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克在接受YouTube頻道Munro Live採訪時，對MBA畢業生大加抨擊。馬斯克認爲從MBA畢業的人沒有經營成功的公司或創造好的產品所需要的經驗。MBA學位持有者並不能成爲一名有效的管理者或領導者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“通往領導力的道路不應該是通過MBA商學院的方式。它應該是以你自己的方式，做有用的事情。有些人去了一個高知名度的MBA學校，然後以領導者的身份“空降”進一個企業，但他們實際上並不知道事情是如何運作的。MBA畢業生可能擅長做PPT或類似的東西，他們可以表現得很出色，但實際上不知道事情運作的方式。他們“空降”而不是努力往上爬，但不知道要做出偉大的產品到底需要什麼”，馬斯克說。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過頗具諷刺意味的是，馬斯克的公司裏招聘了很多擁有MBA學位的人，且持有MBA學位的員工遍佈特斯拉的戰略、產品管理、運營、併購、供應鏈物流、投資者關係、法務、招聘等各個業務線。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得一提的是，馬斯克本科畢業於賓夕法尼亞大學，擁有物理學學士學位和經濟學學士學位，其中經濟學學士學位從賓夕法尼亞大學著名的沃頓商學院取得。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"資料顯示，特斯拉的高層中，CFO和CIO都擁有MBA學位。特斯拉CFOZach Kirkhorn畢業於哈佛商學院，CIO Nagesh Saldi則來自加州聖瑪麗學院。特斯拉的全球管理業務主管"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Colby Hastings是沃頓商學院MBA。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一份對LinkedIn的統計資料表明，特斯拉有近900名擁有MBA學位的員工，其中不少來自哈佛大學、麻省理工大學斯隆管理學院、沃頓商學院等頂級商學院。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克所創辦的公司也受到很多商學院學生的青睞。學生就業服務網站Handshake發現，特斯拉一直是收到求職申請最多的前三名僱主之一。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克認爲太多的MBA真正損害企業創新力"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前，馬斯克已多次公開質疑MBA。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年12月，馬斯克在《華爾街日報》CEO理事會年度峯會上演講時曾表示，管理公司的MBA太多了。太多的MBA正在損害企業的創造性思維能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他認爲，美國企業界的CEO們沒有花足夠的時間改進產品，也沒有給客戶提供他們真正想要的東西。相反，商業領袖應該花更少的時間在金融方面，花更少的時間在會議室，花更少的時間在PPT上，時間應該更多花打磨儘可能讓用戶和客戶感到“驚豔”的產品上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克反對MBA的言論很快招來了批評。多家頂尖商學院管理者出來回懟馬斯克。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"斯坦福大學商學院管理學講師Robert Siegel認爲，馬斯克將不合格領導者的責任歸咎於MBA的想法是錯誤的。哥倫比亞大學商學院前院長Glenn Hubbard表示，MBA爲企業家成功提供了必要的基礎，包括按客戶的需求設想產品、制定戰略、制定融資計劃和組建團隊。許多首席執行官憑藉MBA學位或強大的MBA團隊，在遠見和執行力方面表現出色。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"顯然，這些迴應並沒有令馬斯克改變他的想法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克對MBA最早的一次公開批評在2013年。當時，他在接受美國物理學會採訪時表示，MBA課程教給人們各種錯誤的東西，而且MBA學校不教人們思考。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MBA到底有沒有用？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近年來，MBA報考火爆，很多企業的中高層管理者幾乎必讀MBA，現在也有越來越多的職場人選擇攻讀MBA，以期爲升職加薪“鍍金”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MBA學費高昂，還需要學員花費很多時間和精力。不過，不少花大價錢讀了MBA的人卻發現，MBA課程卻並沒有什麼用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其實，長期以來，關於MBA的質疑聲不斷。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這次馬斯克的吐槽也引來了一些業內人士的共鳴。McGill University 的管理研究教授 Henry Mintzberg認爲，MBA用錯誤的方式培養了錯誤的人，帶來了錯誤的後果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"斯坦福大學一項研究發現，小城市的成功企業家很少人擁有MBA學位或計劃獲得MBA學位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"亞馬遜創始人貝佐斯此前也曾批評過MBA。但他嘴上說着不要，“身體卻很誠實”。在過去的五年中，亞馬遜一直是MBA人才最大的年度僱主，每年僱用多達1000名MBA畢業生。根據LinkedIn的數據，現在有29000名擁有MBA學位的亞馬遜專業人士的履歷表。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其他科技巨頭也偏愛招聘MBA畢業生。微軟擁有15000名MBA學生，谷歌擁有12000名員工。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"的確，MBA培養出了海量的人才。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據顯示，在《財富》500強的前100位首席執行官中，大約有三分之一擁有MBA學位。2020年，十大由MBA畢業生創建的初創公司總共獲得了近14億美元的融資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市場對於MBA畢業生的龐大需求催生了大量的MBA相關的培訓、課程。攻讀MBA課程也能夠幫助畢業生獲得更高的薪水。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國管理學研究生入學委員會去年9月對企業招聘人員進行的一項調查顯示，2020年，MBA畢業生的薪資中值爲10.5萬美元，比其他商學碩士畢業生高出數萬美元，排名靠前的課程或MBA畢業生進入高薪領域的起薪甚至更高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一組數據顯示，哈佛商學院2020屆畢業生獲得的平均薪資爲15萬美元，進入諮詢業的MBA平均基本工資爲16.5萬美元；進入金融服務業的MBA平均基本工資爲15萬美元；進入科技行業的工商管理碩士平均基本工資爲14萬美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但需要注意的是，上了MBA並不意味着一定成功。即便是最好的大學的MBA也有負的投資回報數據（ROI)。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一關鍵點是，商學院並非適合所有人。有專家認爲，對於那些因爲工作表現問題而失業的人，MBA學位毫無意義。此外，MBA學位對那些不能取得MBA學位的行業工作的人來說也沒有經濟意義，因爲這些行業的MBA學位無法帶來加薪。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"參考文章："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/dazeinfo.com\/2021\/02\/11\/tesla-elon-musk-mba-graduates-jab\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/dazeinfo.com\/2021\/02\/11\/tesla-elon-musk-mba-graduates-jab\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/u2b.com\/2020\/12\/11\/why-elon-musk-is-wrong-about-mbas\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/u2b.com\/2020\/12\/11\/why-elon-musk-is-wrong-about-mbas\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]}]}