马斯克再谈MBA无用论：毕业生擅长做PPT，但不懂怎么带领企业成功

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MBA火爆背后，批评声不断。MBA到底有没有用？"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"马斯克：MBA学位持有者不懂如何带领企业成功"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MBA（工商管理硕士）被认为是培养管理精英的大本营，旨在培养高质量、具有卓越领导能力的职业工商管理人才。MBA最早起源于美国，已有百年历史。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，马斯克对这一人才培养模式发表了否定言论。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"马斯克在接受YouTube频道Munro Live采访时，对MBA毕业生大加抨击。马斯克认为从MBA毕业的人没有经营成功的公司或创造好的产品所需要的经验。MBA学位持有者并不能成为一名有效的管理者或领导者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“通往领导力的道路不应该是通过MBA商学院的方式。它应该是以你自己的方式，做有用的事情。有些人去了一个高知名度的MBA学校，然后以领导者的身份“空降”进一个企业，但他们实际上并不知道事情是如何运作的。MBA毕业生可能擅长做PPT或类似的东西，他们可以表现得很出色，但实际上不知道事情运作的方式。他们“空降”而不是努力往上爬，但不知道要做出伟大的产品到底需要什么”，马斯克说。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不过颇具讽刺意味的是，马斯克的公司里招聘了很多拥有MBA学位的人，且持有MBA学位的员工遍布特斯拉的战略、产品管理、运营、并购、供应链物流、投资者关系、法务、招聘等各个业务线。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得一提的是，马斯克本科毕业于宾夕法尼亚大学，拥有物理学学士学位和经济学学士学位，其中经济学学士学位从宾夕法尼亚大学著名的沃顿商学院取得。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"资料显示，特斯拉的高层中，CFO和CIO都拥有MBA学位。特斯拉CFOZach Kirkhorn毕业于哈佛商学院，CIO Nagesh Saldi则来自加州圣玛丽学院。特斯拉的全球管理业务主管"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Colby Hastings是沃顿商学院MBA。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一份对LinkedIn的统计资料表明，特斯拉有近900名拥有MBA学位的员工，其中不少来自哈佛大学、麻省理工大学斯隆管理学院、沃顿商学院等顶级商学院。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"马斯克所创办的公司也受到很多商学院学生的青睐。学生就业服务网站Handshake发现，特斯拉一直是收到求职申请最多的前三名雇主之一。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"马斯克认为太多的MBA真正损害企业创新力"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前，马斯克已多次公开质疑MBA。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年12月，马斯克在《华尔街日报》CEO理事会年度峰会上演讲时曾表示，管理公司的MBA太多了。太多的MBA正在损害企业的创造性思维能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他认为，美国企业界的CEO们没有花足够的时间改进产品，也没有给客户提供他们真正想要的东西。相反，商业领袖应该花更少的时间在金融方面，花更少的时间在会议室，花更少的时间在PPT上，时间应该更多花打磨尽可能让用户和客户感到“惊艳”的产品上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"马斯克反对MBA的言论很快招来了批评。多家顶尖商学院管理者出来回怼马斯克。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"斯坦福大学商学院管理学讲师Robert Siegel认为，马斯克将不合格领导者的责任归咎于MBA的想法是错误的。哥伦比亚大学商学院前院长Glenn Hubbard表示，MBA为企业家成功提供了必要的基础，包括按客户的需求设想产品、制定战略、制定融资计划和组建团队。许多首席执行官凭借MBA学位或强大的MBA团队，在远见和执行力方面表现出色。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"显然，这些回应并没有令马斯克改变他的想法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"马斯克对MBA最早的一次公开批评在2013年。当时，他在接受美国物理学会采访时表示，MBA课程教给人们各种错误的东西，而且MBA学校不教人们思考。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MBA到底有没有用？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近年来，MBA报考火爆，很多企业的中高层管理者几乎必读MBA，现在也有越来越多的职场人选择攻读MBA，以期为升职加薪“镀金”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MBA学费高昂，还需要学员花费很多时间和精力。不过，不少花大价钱读了MBA的人却发现，MBA课程却并没有什么用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其实，长期以来，关于MBA的质疑声不断。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这次马斯克的吐槽也引来了一些业内人士的共鸣。McGill University 的管理研究教授 Henry Mintzberg认为，MBA用错误的方式培养了错误的人，带来了错误的后果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"斯坦福大学一项研究发现，小城市的成功企业家很少人拥有MBA学位或计划获得MBA学位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"亚马逊创始人贝佐斯此前也曾批评过MBA。但他嘴上说着不要，“身体却很诚实”。在过去的五年中，亚马逊一直是MBA人才最大的年度雇主，每年雇用多达1000名MBA毕业生。根据LinkedIn的数据，现在有29000名拥有MBA学位的亚马逊专业人士的履历表。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其他科技巨头也偏爱招聘MBA毕业生。微软拥有15000名MBA学生，谷歌拥有12000名员工。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"的确，MBA培养出了海量的人才。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数据显示，在《财富》500强的前100位首席执行官中，大约有三分之一拥有MBA学位。2020年，十大由MBA毕业生创建的初创公司总共获得了近14亿美元的融资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市场对于MBA毕业生的庞大需求催生了大量的MBA相关的培训、课程。攻读MBA课程也能够帮助毕业生获得更高的薪水。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国管理学研究生入学委员会去年9月对企业招聘人员进行的一项调查显示，2020年，MBA毕业生的薪资中值为10.5万美元，比其他商学硕士毕业生高出数万美元，排名靠前的课程或MBA毕业生进入高薪领域的起薪甚至更高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一组数据显示，哈佛商学院2020届毕业生获得的平均薪资为15万美元，进入咨询业的MBA平均基本工资为16.5万美元；进入金融服务业的MBA平均基本工资为15万美元；进入科技行业的工商管理硕士平均基本工资为14万美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但需要注意的是，上了MBA并不意味着一定成功。即便是最好的大学的MBA也有负的投资回报数据（ROI)。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一关键点是，商学院并非适合所有人。有专家认为，对于那些因为工作表现问题而失业的人，MBA学位毫无意义。此外，MBA学位对那些不能取得MBA学位的行业工作的人来说也没有经济意义，因为这些行业的MBA学位无法带来加薪。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"参考文章："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/dazeinfo.com\/2021\/02\/11\/tesla-elon-musk-mba-graduates-jab\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/dazeinfo.com\/2021\/02\/11\/tesla-elon-musk-mba-graduates-jab\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/u2b.com\/2020\/12\/11\/why-elon-musk-is-wrong-about-mbas\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/u2b.com\/2020\/12\/11\/why-elon-musk-is-wrong-about-mbas\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]}]}