数百次采访后，我总结了2021年最好用的区块链开发框架

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"本文最初发布于Medium网站，经原作者授权由InfoQ中文站翻译并分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"智能合约开发框架让工程师可以部署和测试他们的智能合约，简化他们的开发工作。我花了很多天时间来了解ConsenSys和Ethereum网站上推荐的每一个框架，想看看哪些框架是2021年最好用的。你可以在GitHub上看到我对"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/PatrickAlphaC\/smart-contract-frameworks?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这些平台的实验"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不仅如此，我还对区块链黑客马拉松参与者做了几百次采访，并查阅了几百个黑客马拉松提交，想要找出哪些工具是性能最好、开发体验最出色的。我自己也使用这些框架做了很多工作，想为2021年做好准备。我为大家做好了这期2021年优秀框架评选，这样你就不用陷入选择困难症了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文采用的标准很简单。评选的框架需要："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"部署到一个本地区块链"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"进行快速有效的测试"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用Chainlink将一个智能合约部署到"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/kovan-testnet.github.io\/website\/?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"KovanTestnet"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三个标准很重要，因为它让我得以测试框架如何与其他软件包交互和集成测试交互。从2021年开始，搭配"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/betterprogramming.pub\/what-is-a-blockchain-oracle-f5ccab8dbd72?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"oracles"}]},{"type":"text","text":"和OpenZeppelin等第三方工具已经成了一项基本需求，所以最后一项标准就非常重要了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们将简要介绍其他一些2021年你需要了解的重要工具，但本文不会涉及初学者工具，例如ETH钱包、以太坊客户端或文本编辑器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"视频简介："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/motYF5daaOc?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/motYF5daaOc"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Top 4 智能合约开发框架"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"总的来说，我将向所有人推荐三个智能合约开发框架。每种框架的风味都稍有不同，选择它们的理由也略有差异。它们分别是："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hardhat（JavaScript）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Truffle（JavaScript）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Brownie（Python）"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们来深入研究一下这几个框架，谈谈你为什么要使用它们，为什么它们排在了名单的前列，以及其他值得注意的地方。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/hardhat.org\/?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hardhat"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/edJC32fVZFaPWRGP.PNG!thumbnail?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hardhat是目前最好的框架之一，有着同类竞品中最快的测试、最好的教程和最简单的集成。老实说，喜欢JS框架的人们迟早都应该试一试Hardhat。它真的很容易上手，测试飞快而且入门非常简单。他们的Discord也一直在非常迅速地回答各种问题，因此如果你遇到了问题，总是很容易寻求帮助。他们使用Waffle和Ethers.js进行测试，这可以说是更好用的JavaScript智能合约框架，因为它们相比web3.js做了一些非常不错的改进。他们还可以与OpenZeppelin的可升级智能合约插件直接集成，这是一个很大的加分点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这个项目给人一种很棒的感觉：它很干净。它能执行你想要的操作。它真的很快。这个项目正在不断改进，显然开发团队正在努力让智能合约开发人员的生活更加轻松。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小结"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ETH基金会资助的项目，以前是Builder"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技术：Javascript、Web3.js和Ethers.js插件，OpenZeppelin可升级合约插件，Etherscan插件，区块链分叉"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"区块链：Hardhat运行时环境\/本地，测试网，主网"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有测试：Waffle"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"维护：非常活跃"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"支持：活跃"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开源"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":2,"normalizeStart":2},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.trufflesuite.com\/?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Truffle"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/4u5REZEYF6fLNYAO.PNG!thumbnail?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3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集成在一起。特别是Ganache，它是工程师运行本地区块链的最流行方法之一。如果你需要更多工具，你可以花钱购买升级版的Truffle团队帐户，获得智能合约的持续集成、可视化部署和监视功能。他们还可以与OpenZeppelin的可升级智能合约插件直接集成，这是一个很大的优势。他们显然是一群有才华的工程师，都想要为智能合约创造一个更美好的世界。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Truffle测试的运行速度不如Hardhat那样快，并且由于前者的用户数量众多，支持获取起来可能会很困难。自从Truffle被ConsenSys收购以来，我很期待看到他们将如何改善这个项目。他们的文档质量似乎开始下降，读起来可能会磕磕绊绊，但是如果你用谷歌搜索一下自己遇到的错误，很可能会找到曾经遇到这个错误并已解决它的例子。我发现改善项目的最佳方法之一就是在他们的GitHub上留一个问题。无论如何，让生态系统不断壮大是我们开源社区的职责！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因为几乎所有人都很熟悉它，因此获得同行支持通常会很容易。我真的希望看到开发团队在这个项目上获得更多支持，毕竟他们有这么多的用户。我希望他们能看到本文并能努力改善项目文档，让它能继续作为测试和部署智能合约的首选平台之一。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小结"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用最广泛的平台；最近被ConsenSys收购（2020年11月）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技术：Javascript，Web3.js，OpenZeppelin可升级合约插件，Etherscan插件，区块链分叉"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"区块链：Ganache\/本地，测试网，主网"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有测试"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"维护：非常活跃"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"支持：活跃"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具有付费升级功能的开源项目"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":3,"normalizeStart":3},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/eth-brownie\/brownie?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Brownie"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/lsTCLuXkKrDAn3E4.PNG!thumbnail?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Brownie很大程度上受到了Truffle的启发，前者基本上是后者的Python等效版本，并增加了一些体验改进。这个项目起源于大多数Python工程师都同样拥有的困惑：他们不喜欢JavaScript。由于它是用Python编写的，因此避免了使用JavaScript带来的许多麻烦，并为大家带来了一个简单优秀的框架来处理和部署智能合约。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我自己就很喜欢Python，因此对这个项目的未来感到非常兴奋，随着采用率的提高，越来越多的项目正在使用Python和这个框架来部署他们的智能合约。我已经将Brownie用作了我的入门框架，用下来感觉非常不错。我还同一些用它做更多事情的开发人员做过交流，他们真的非常优秀。Yearn.finance似乎也已经用上了这个框架。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你来自Python开发世界，或者想要一个非常简单、干净的框架，那么这一款就是为你而生的，毫无疑问。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"还有一个框架！我知道我只提到了三个，但我认为下面的框架也应该在这里占据一席之地。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小结"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最好的Python框架，由Yearn.finance等DeFi项目使用。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技术：Python，Web3.py，区块链分叉，Etherscan插件，Vyper支持"}]}]},{"typ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