SlashData 開發者最新調查：JavaScript最流行，Rust 增長最猛

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，開發者調查分析公司 SlashData 發佈了 2021 年《開發者報告》（第 20 版）。報告發現，JavaScript 在全球擁有 1380 萬開發者，當之無愧地榮膺最流行的編程語言。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/fe\/feadbb729a38d60a9a2d3656a3a8895f.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉， SlashData 的調查來自全球 155 個國家或地區的 19000 名受訪者。研究人員特意嘗試衡量編程語言用戶的絕對數量，而不是像 Stack Overflow 或 Redmonk 等公司的指數那樣，簡單地看相對受歡迎程度。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JavaScript 霸榜，成爲最流行的編程語言"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SlashData 一年進行兩次調查。根據最新的調查結果，該公司估計 JavaScript 在全球有 1240 萬開發者，包含 TypeScript 和 CoffeeScript 開發者，因爲它們都是基於相同的 ECMAScript 標準。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"該公司在這份報告中估計 JavaScript 開發者佔全球 2430 萬開發者的很大部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此同時，InfoQ 編程語言 1 月排行榜調查發現，國內程序員使用最多的編程語言中也有 JavaScript。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，JavaScript 不僅被世界上的絕大多數網站所使用，也被世界主流瀏覽器（Chrome、IE、Firefox、Safari、Opera）支持。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有程序員指出，一方面，因硬件性能的不斷提升，JavaScript 引擎性能得到顯著緩解，讓開發者有了很大的騰挪空間；另一方面，JavaScript 學起來容易，寫起來簡單，不涉及太多底層細節。除了前端，現在連後端也開始使用 JavaScript。並且，隨着軟件開發行業的規模擴張，企業更聚焦業務，不再更多地關注底層基礎設施，因此需要越來越簡單易用的工具，JavaScript 自然成爲最合適的選擇。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Python 和 Java 分列第二、第三"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SlashData 估計，第二大最流行的編程語言是 Python，它在全球大概有 1010 萬開發者，而 Java 則以 940 萬全球開發者排名第三。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，其 Top 3 編程語言排名與 RedMonk 的編程語言排名一致（RedMonk 的排名是基於 GitHub 和 Stack Overflow 的數據）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第四名到第六名最流行的編程語言分別是 C\/C++（有 730 萬開發者）、C#（有 650 萬開發者）和 PHP（有 630 萬開發者）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，其他比較流行的編程語言還有 Kotlin、Swift、Go、Ruby、Objective C、Rust 和 Lua。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SlashData 認爲，自 2017 年以來，JavaScript 社區增加了 450 萬開發者，而 Python 僅在過去一年就增加了 160 萬開發者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據該公司的說法，Python 是增長最快的編程語言，擁有超過 600 萬開發者，而 70% 的開發者專注於使用它的機器學習報告，這可能歸功於谷歌開發的 TensorFlow、Facebook 的 PyTorch 和 NumPy 之類的機器學習庫。同時，Python 也被廣泛應用於後端系統自動化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而 Python 此前獲得 Tiobe 2020 年度編程語言稱號。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"簡單說，Python 之所以被大規模採用，主要原因還是要歸根於其簡單易上手的方便性，以及極大地提高了生產效率。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SlashData 指出，雖然基礎比不上 Python，但是 Rust 和 Lua 在過去 12 個月中也是增長最快的兩門編程語言。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 目前並未得到廣泛應用，主要原因可能是它太難學。但是，Rust 前景似乎不錯，它不僅成立了自己的基金會，而且得到大型科技公司的支持，比如亞馬遜、微軟、谷歌和 Mozilla。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌已經表示希望 Rust 成爲 Linux 內核的第二門語言，並且使用它爲 Android 操作系統編寫新代碼，因爲它的內存安全性有助於避免內存錯誤。此外，開發者還非常讚賞 Rust 的 Crates 包管理系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關於Rust的更多詳情，可閱讀 《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/oMa1qJcgTBdhq34SB2Hh","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 大步跨入 Android 平臺"}]},{"type":"text","text":"》。"}]}]}