我们如何将 Pinterest 的 iOS 应用大小减少 30% 以上

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"众所周知,应用程序的大小(下载大小 [1] [2])是非常重要的,并且在应用程序的大小和客户参与度之间存在关联。通常,人们会根据大小来决定是否使用软件,甚至以兆字节来支付带宽。更不用说,随着应用程序大小的增加,卸载率也会上升,这会导致用户试图释放设备上的磁盘空间。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近来,我们对 Pinterest 的 iOS 版 v9.1 进行了改进,使其体积大大减少:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/7f\/0d\/7f0823785f961db79c7489be6905270d.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}},{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#000000","name":"black"}}],"text":"表 1:iPhone 11 Pro 是我们的目标机型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"结果,自从发布以来,我们发现新版本(用户从 App Store 下载)的应用程序安装量有所增加。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"问题是什么?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"关于 Pinterest 的背景,我们使用 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/medium.com\/pinterest-engineering\/developing-fast-reliable-ios-builds-at-pinterest-part-one-cb1810407b92","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Bazel"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 进行 iOS 版本构建。加入你不熟悉 Bazel,这篇"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/pinterest\/xchammer\/blob\/master\/Docs\/BazelForiOSDevelopers.md","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"文章"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"值得一读。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"要创建本地化文件,我们有一个 CI 作业,它在应用程序(通过 Bazel 查询)中自动扫描所有源代码,并将其发送给 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/box\/mojito","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Mojito"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 进行翻译。这在我们添加一些扩展之前一直运行良好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"每个"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/app-extensions\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"扩展"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"都是具有自己 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/docs.bazel.build\/versions\/master\/build-ref.html#BUILD_files","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BUILD"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 文件的模块。在 Bazel 构建后,它将本地化字符串从主应用包复制到每个扩展包。但是,这会通过复制每个扩展中的 Localizable.strings 文件来扩展整个应用包。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"因此,我们决定删除扩展中的本地化副本。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"修复"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一,我们更新了 BUILD 文件,这样扩展程序就不会从主应用包复制本地化字符串了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但是,使用这个更改,NSLocalizedString 无法正确加载本地化字符串。在进一步研究之后,我们发现这些宏都使用 +[NSBundle mainBundle],但是 [NSBundle mainBundle] 实际上会返回一个包含“当前应用程序可执行文件”的包,当从扩展中调用该包时,该包将作为你的应用程序的子文件夹。举例来说,它是 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"\/path\/to\/Pinterest.app\/PlugIns\/SiriExtension.appex\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 而非 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"\/path\/to\/Pinterest.app\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。为了使 NSLocalizedStringWithDefaultValue 能够从"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"主应用包"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"中读取本地化字符串,我们进行了更改来对路径进行设置。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这些全部已保存更改((所有 Localizable.strings 的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"大小"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":")*(具有这种本地化重复的扩展的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数量"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":")),大约占全部应用程序大小的 30%。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"长远规划"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"接下来,我们计划将本地化资源放入各自的 SDK\/ 扩展中,而非依赖于应用包,这样做有以下好处:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"每个包都将是自包含的,所以它不需要主应用程序包就能运行或测试本地化,并且可以被绑定到一个单独的应用程序中。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在扩展代码中,NSLocalizedString 和本地化 API 按照自己的方式工作。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"让包开源。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外,还可以进行其他可能的改进,例如,删除不必要的非面向消费者的代码本地化,研究更大尺寸的图像格式,以及其他编译器级的优化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"[1] 下载大小是指从 App Store 下载时传输的实际大小,只有当应用超出苹果确定的 200 MB 的限制,且用户没有使用 Wi-Fi 时才会显示,除非用户更改默认设置。由于它被压缩,所以比通常的安装体积要小。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"[2] 本地安装大小是指实际应用在你的手机磁盘上的大小(设置应用→iPhone 存储→Pinterest→应用大小)。它是为你的手机型号瘦身的,所以通常比通用体积小。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"作者介绍:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Liang Ma,Pinterest Engineering 团队应用基础软件工程师。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"英文原文链接:"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/medium.com\/pinterest-engineering\/how-we-reduced-pinterests-ios-app-size-by-30-50mb-68d7f8425882","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/medium.com\/pinterest-engineering\/how-we-reduced-pinterests-ios-app-size-by-30-50mb-68d7f8425882"}]}]}]}
發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章