干货 | 日访问过亿,办公IM及开放式平台在携程的实践
{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"简介"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"携程内部的办公IM项目最早在2016年立项,经历了初期简单办公场景下的纯IM服务,到支持简单办公组件的IM应用,又演变为一体化办公集成平台,进而演变为目前集成IM功能的开放式企业效率平台。本文总结了这些年的发展历程及未来的演进方向,并着重从高可用、高性能和可扩展的角度,探讨开放式平台的技术实现及发展方向。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、什么是IM"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/f9\/f9a8c1ee97a16e6c1e6f14b931476391.jpeg","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IM(Instant Message)即时消息,是一种通过网络提供实时消息传输的在线沟通技术。在移动互联网时代,IM的使用变得越来越广泛,通过各种技术手段使得用户之间的交流成本变的极低,沟通效率和用户体验有极大的提升。而且IM的出现极大地改变了目前互联网应用的形态,多数互联网应用只要做到了一定规模,一定会有自身IM的需求,而不是单纯地仅仅依托第三方(例如微信、云信等)。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、携程办公IM的发展历程"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/3a\/3ad37371278a330e73afcee70df25f5f.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"早期携程使用微软的IM软件lync和自研的纯IM软件CtripTeam来支持企业内的沟通需求,这些软件在维护性、拓展性和可用性上都或多或少存在一些缺陷。同时随着互联网的发展,也逐渐不适合日益增长的办公需求和用户体验。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2017年左右,使用基于ejabberd+erlang的自研IM服务的Cchat项目应运而生,该项目的主要目标是在采用自研IM的基础上,实现IM与办公的结合。在完善IM服务的基础上,支持了一些常规的办公场景,如电话、假单、考勤、OA等,通常采用嵌入外部页面、跳转外部地址等方式提供服务。这个改造项目奠定了携程办公IM继续发展的基础。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随着项目的深入,最初的系统交互模式及服务管理模式逐渐不适用越来越复杂的办公场景及服务治理需求。于是在2019年上马了TripPal的改造项目,在结合公司国际化战略的基础上,倾力打造小程序平台,服务号等基础服务。在梳理、优化原有服务的同时,打造了诸多衍生服务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年中开始,在继续推进企业内办公一站式平台的基础上,我们需要支持更多的外部场景,实际需求促使我们向开放式平台转型,这在服务整体架构、安全性、扩展性等方面都提出了新的要求及挑战。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三、携程TripPal开放平台实践"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1 总体架构"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/85\/854f68655de6803e49bc45e3fa68a77a.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1.1 Gateway网关层"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这一层是所有请求调用流量的入口,主要功能如下:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"服务路由;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"集中式限流、风控、日志监控等功能;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"调用IDS (Identity Service) 验证请求的合法性,验证通过后,可以将用户ID、Token等基本信息,通过 HttpHeader 的方式向后端服务透传,后端服务可以直接使用UserID,也可以再次对Token进行认证;"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1.2 IDS (Identity Service) 服务"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IDS同时支持多种不同类型的访问令牌的鉴权,同时还负责令牌的颁发,以及RBAC+模块级别的接口控权。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,针对开放小程序,TripPal提供两种认证方式:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1)常规的Oauth第三方模式接入。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/36\/361a33fa582f462e55505d8c7459df22.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2)另一种是基于Oauth+开放平台签名的第三方认证,对于接入方相对简单。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/39\/394c0b9d42eec4359074ef81b5449484.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1.3 微服务层"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这一层是整个系统的业务层,具体包含三种类型的微服务:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TripPal开放平台内部系统微服务,只有在特定用户认证和权限验证通过之后,外部才能访问;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开放平台对外提供的OpenAPI;采用Oauth+RBAC的方式控制权限;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自研小程序后端服务,根据安全需要,所有使用Oauth+模块权限的第一方小程序服务端;"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前TripPal自身的核心微服务应用达到28个,提供全集团的多端(C端、B端)基础服务能力,服务全公司超过500个业务应用,在线C端用户均值超过2万,日访问量超过亿。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.2 IM服务"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/62\/6239abce091966addaef20ddd9a8421a.jpeg","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前TripPal使用完全自研的基于Java实现的类ejabberd架构,底层采用的XMPP协议进行通讯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Tips:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XMPP全称是ExtensibleMessageing and Presence Protocol,可扩展消息与存在协议。是目前网络上开源,最灵活,应用最广泛的一种即时消息通信协议。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1999年Jeremie Miller,首先提出了Jabber,一种为实现即时消息和存在的开放技术,后续基于这个协议,开发了一个开源的服务实现jabberd。后续,IETF国际标准组织介入,成立Extensible Messageing and Presence Protocol(XMPP)工作组,并开始标准化工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2000年,jabberd服务器1.0版本发布,那时Jabber协议的基本特点(基于XML的流,消息,存在,联系人列表等)都被固定下来。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2004年,IETF出版了RFC 3902和RFC3921,定义了XMPP的核心功能,成为推荐标准。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"后续在2011年,IETF出版了RFC6120和RFC 6121,更新了XMPP的核心定义,替代了之前的RFC 3920和3921。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前XMPP协议被XMPP Standards Foundation负责管理运作,集中于在IETF定义的基础XMPP规范之上,如何开发开放的协议扩展。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IM服务端做了大量的系统性的优化,从底层的数据库调优、底层通讯服务升级,到上层消息、群、群成员等核心功能的大幅改造。底层通讯服务由之前的erlang完整迁移至java技术栈,服务可靠性、弹性伸缩、安全性和性能获得了提升;同时对上层偏业务的服务进行了改造,极大地提升了接口响应,服务稳定性也得到了提升,为整个产品的研发提供了重要支撑。目前这套自研的IM3.0服务在生产环境稳定运行,整体资源消耗比2.0时期有较大下降。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3 TripPal办公衍生服务"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在实际的企业办公场景下,尤其是大型企业复杂组织架构和管理模式的场景下,TripPal逐渐摸索出了自己的一套行之有效且契合携程场景的办公智能应用,如搜索中台,消息卡片,智能审批中台,角色服务,工作流引擎等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文简单介绍其中3个服务:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1)智能审批中台"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/55\/5576e0a82f3fcc0ddc0616842acc981e.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"智能审批中台在集成携程自有的审批系统的同时也集成了自研的智能审批配置服务,该服务支持用户自定义整个审批单及审批流的全部细节。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/97\/977f334f0dfe4ebb387ecb057734253c.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/6a\/6a5684145e44e1a6aa263a72670ef5bb.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2)角色服务"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/58\/58f20404940b184c96a51d7546cae9ce.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"角色服务在灵活定义角色范围及基础角色的基础上,支持用户灵活调整,动态管理,且自动接入审批中台,同时打通应用对接渠道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"整个角色服务在产品定义上分为如下表4个主要概念:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"embedcomp","attrs":{"type":"table","data":{"content":"
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