Kotlin 1.5 稳定版发布，2021年第一个大版本更新有何亮点？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开发工具制造商 JetBrain 发布了 Kotlin1.5.0 稳定版，它是“2021 年的第一个大版本”。此版本提供了稳定的语言特性，例如 JVM records、密封接口 (sealed interface)、内联类 (inline class)，并引入了新的默认 JVM IR 编译器 。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin 1.5.0：2021 年第一个大版本"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"与 Java 兼容的 Kotlin 被谷歌认可为用于开发 Android 应用程序的官方编程语言。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin 是在 GitHub 上公开开发的，主要由 JetBrains（流行的 IDE IntelliJ IDEA 的制造商）开发，但谷歌也有贡献。IntelliJ IDEA 是谷歌 Android Studio IDE 的基础，用于构建 Android 应用程序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作为 2021 年首个大版本更新，Kotlin 1.5 主要亮点包括："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"稳定的语言特性：JVM records、密封接口 ( sealed interface )、内联类 ( inline class )"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"标准和测试库改进：稳定的无符号整数类型、E xtensions for java.nio.file.Path ，以及针对 String、Char 和 Duration API 的改进"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin\/JVM 改进：新的默认 JVM IR 编译器"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin\/Native 改进：针对 Linux 和 iOS 应用程序的更快的调试编译"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin\/JS 的改进：将更多 JS 库迁移到新的 Kotlin\/JS IR 编译器"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中，新的 JVM IR 编译器使 JetBrains 能够更快地为其各种实施方案构建新的语言特性，其中包括用于构建 iOS 和 Windows 应用程序的 Kotlin native（Kotlin\/Native）、用于构建 Web 应用程序的 Kotlin for JavaScript（Kotlin\/JS）以及用于 Java 平台的 Kotlin for JVM（Kotlin\/JVM）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"来自 JetBrains 的 Ekaterina Volodko 在一篇博客文章中说：“新的编译器与 Kotlin\/Native 和 Kotlin\/JS IR 编译器共享了统一的管道和业务逻辑，这使得我们可以同时为所有平台实现大多数特性、优化和错误修复。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“它还将允许你添加自定义处理和转换，并且可以在所有平台上自动工作。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JetBrains 表示，已经有超过 25000 名开发者在 IntelliJ IDEA 中试用了新的 JVM IR 编译器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin 1.5.0 还提供了对 JVM 记录的支持，以确保作为不可变数据的透明载体的记录类 与 Java 特性的互操作性。记录类在 JDK 16 中被确定下来，并且 JDK 16 在 3 月达到了普遍可用性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"标准库和测试库也有所改进。对于无符号整数类型以及范围、级数和函数，标准库提供了新的稳定性 API。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 IntelliJ IDEA 和 Android Studio 的开发者应该会看到一个通知，提醒他们将 Kotlin 将自动更新到 1.5.0。用户也可以手动更新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin\/Native 获得了对 linuxX64 和 iosArm64 目标的调试模式下的编译器缓存的支持。它还停用了内置的内存泄漏检查器，以避免可能导致应用程序崩溃的问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“在启用了编译器缓存后，除第一个外，大多数调试编译都会更快地完成。测量结果显示，在我们的测试项目中，速度提高了大约 200%，”JetBrains 说。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"获得谷歌力推的 Kotlin"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自从 2019 年对外宣布 Kotlin 编程语言是 Android 应用程序开发人员的首选语言，谷歌就一直在对 Kotlin 进行多方位的支持，不仅推出了 Kotlin 免费在线课程，而且开源了 gRPC-Kotlin\/JVM，开发者可以在 Kotlin 项目中更方便地使用 gRPC，以更简单的方式构建可靠的网络连接服务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年，谷歌推出了使用 Kotlin 语言开发 Android 应用的全新课程，由浅入深、循序渐进地帮助用户学习 Android 应用开发。这套课程取代了 2018 年发布的课程，同时课程内容也结合了 Android 平台的变化，例如 Android Jetpack 库的发布等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年，谷歌开源了 gRPC-Kotlin\/JVM。gRPC 是一个开源的高性能、通用 RPC 框架，支持多种编程语言。gRPC 基于 Protocol Buffers，面向移动和基于 HTTP\/2 标准设计，带来诸如双向流、流控、头部压缩、单 TCP 连接上的多复用请求等特性。gRPC 与 Kotlin 结合之后，从移动应用程序到云端微服务，开发者都可以构建。gRPC-Kotlin\/JVM 构建在 gRPC 的 Java API 之上，提供了对 Kotlin 友好的 gRPC 类，支持 Kotlin 协程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.tectalk.co\/kotlin-programming-language-heres-whats-inside-the-first-big-release-of-this-year\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.tectalk.co\/kotlin-programming-language-heres-whats-inside-the-first-big-release-of-this-year\/"}]}]}]}