综资全生命周期管理助力网络运营更高效

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"导读：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中国三大运营商拥有庞大的基础网络、海量的资源数据，网络还在急剧扩张。截止2020年底全国基站数量已达到931万，2021年5G建站也将超过60万座 ，根据预测2030年全国5G基站将达到1500万。这背后配套的光缆网络、传输网络、承载网络、网络云等也成比例增加。网络运营的难度也随之放大。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在网络规模之大、业务变化之快、竞争之激烈的今天，具备快速部署和调度网络的能力尤为重要。网络资源的全生命周期管理是实现这个能力的有效保障。它通过数字化的方式将资源纳入到端到端的线上生产流程，打通各业务环节断点，加速网络就绪和调度能力。它将成为运营商5G时代网络数字化运营的一个新利器。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"01 资源管理已成为高效运营的瓶颈","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"网络规模庞大、资源数据海量，是困扰网络工作的一大难题。我们习惯了在各专业网管上实时查看设备信息、习惯了消费单专业网管上准确的数据。然而单专业的实时和准确数据并不是我们的全部。网络间关联信息、客户与业务关联、位置信息和资产信息都是资源管理关注的重点内容。在我们进行跨专业关联、跨专业规划网络、故障影响分析、端到端的客户排障、资源资产调配和资产盘点时，发现资源不是那么准确，缺失了很多关键内容如关联性、位置信息等，没法支撑我们进行高效的工作。回过头来又要进行一轮一轮的资产盘点、资源普查、数据修改和跨多部门的协调人员解决问题。然而，这一切的工作收效有限，资源数据依旧是前清后乱。在下一轮问题爆发时，还是没有将资源的问题清理干净。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么资源管理工作如此之难，是什么拖累了资源高效运营？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，运营商的网络太复杂，涉及管线网、传输网、接入网、承载网、核心网、无线网、网络云、动力环境、业务平台等9大专业。专业内网络设备之间的关系、使用情况本已很难管理，再加上跨专业之间的网络承载关系，各专业的使用边界不清，使得资源管理更加错综复杂。如：一个5G基站的入网开通就会涉及到光缆网、传输网、承载网、核心网和动力环境至少5个专业的资源调配、数据配置和多轮跨专业的沟通协调。在这种复杂的情况下，难以想象可以轻松做到灵巧的管理。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其次，资源管理存在大量的断点，规划、设计、建设、运维、资产是由不同的部门管理，关注的重点本就不同。资源在不同部门之间的交叉管理，存在脱节情况，前后的工作之间延续性不足，造成了数据上的缺失。同时对各类网络数据也缺乏统一的标准，没有形成一套贯穿始终的资源数据。各部门在找数据、录数据和用数据出现了大量的重复工作。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外还有一些因素，也造成了运营效率不高：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1.   自动化措施不完善，如：网管数据采集不到位，人工录入数据繁重，使得录入意愿不高和准确性低。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.   资源信息量大、普查量大、入库不及时，导致了资源使用滞后和不准确。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.   存在大量的线下资源申请，没有线上流程支撑，资源使用情况账实不一致。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"02 通断点、消痛点 线上全程贯通","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要消除资源管理因流程不畅、数据不准/不全面带来的难以高效运营的影响，必须要在复杂的网络世界中认清问题、找到源头，自然就会有破解之道。透过现象看本质，这些复杂问题的背后，实则是要抓住解决以下两个主要问题：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1.   如何线上拉通规划、设计、建设、运维、资产管理等工作，解决其业务断点？如何确保跨部门、跨专业协同联动？如何确保资源线上及时、准确的更新？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.   资源数据量巨大，有什么手段让数据快速、准确的入库？网络发生了割接，资源之间承载关系复杂，如何能一次性、短时间内将关系倒换过来？消除数据入库工作量大、不快和不准的痛点。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"问题1【线上拉通和联动】该如何解决？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"解决问题1的关键是","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"要构建统一的资源库和前后贯通端到端的资源全生命流程","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。通过统一的资源库提供各部门、各专业所需要的数据，形成始终一致贯穿的数据。通过线上全生命流程拉通各部门、各专业的工作内容，明确边界，让工作衔接顺畅，减少重复性工作。人人都是资源的使用者、更新者，化整为零将资源的申请、分配和修改纳入到线上日常运营工作中，保持随时在线变更。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原理说起来比较简单，但要让系统具备能力，实际做起来还是有两个关键点要实现：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"关键点一：构建端到端的全生命周期流程","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们将一个网络设备的全生命周期分阶段剖析，包括规划设计、设备入网、工程验收、运行维护和资源退网这5个主要阶段。在各阶段每个部门和专业资源都有着不同的工作任务和不同的状态。我们将规划设计、设备入网、工程验收划入到计划建设的大流程中，在线上拉通其断点。运行维护、退网报废分别为独立内循环流程。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"◉ ","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"断点分析","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前在基站从设计到退网的整个生命周期中，综资与现实网络存在大量的断点。这些断点严重制约了生产效率的提升。下图从全生命的各个阶段对断点进行了分析：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/75/7593a78db1659f7469d9c2e1cd80b920.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"◉ ","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"解决之道","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以5G基站为例，说明在全生命周期的每个阶段需要做的具体工作和综资系统提供的能力，如何在各个阶段解决资源的断点问题。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/32/327088f67fd81ec241dba3ad95562866.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"◉ ","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"规划设计","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"①　主要任务","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"计划部会同网络部，根据市场需求、网络需求提出建网的规划，进行工程项目立项。在立项后交由设计院进行网络的设计，设计院需要进行现网的分析、勘查周边资源的能力，最后输出设计方案。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"②　系统能力","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在综资上提供站点资源规划能力、数字化勘查能力、设计能力，为规划人员、设计师提供线上的支撑能力，快速、准确的完成规划和设计工作。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"站点资源规划能力：对规划中站点进行评估，以现有站点资源数据为基准，结合基站流量数据、位置数据进行分析，测算出建设基站所需的带宽、机房、传输设备、动力设备和光纤需求量。按照区域进行汇总得出规划数据，包括建设基站总量、新建和利旧机房数量、机房接入带宽需求量、新建和扩容传输设备量、新建和利旧光缆公里数。通过资源规划能力，能够帮助规划人员在30分钟以内将一个区域内基站接入需要的资源清晰的测算出来，为规划提供了有力的支撑。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":nul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源数据的生命周期，从而达到资产、资源的联动处理。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"②　系统能力","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在资产系统中提供资产报废的流程支撑能力，与综资对接，更新资产的状态。综资在接收到报废通知后，同步变更资源的状态。综资支持自动发现和主动申请两种模式发起资源退网的流程。自动发现模式是每天自动对网元进行分析和统计，发现符合退网业务规则的网元发起退网流程。退网业务规则包括有资源状态、资产状态、7日内是否有流量等规则。在退网时需要清理综资中基站的物理设备、释放占用的其他资源，包括传输资源、光纤、IP和VLAN等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"关键点二：梳理资源更新的全场景","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"总的来说，每个专业的全生命的整体流程是相似的，但每个专业资源变更的场景非常多、也有差异，故而需要对资源变更的实际场景进行梳理。那么在每个场景中需要变什么资源、如何变、之间是否需要相互变更联动呢？如上文中提到的基站入网场景中涉及到了动力资源，那么就有对应动力资源配置的环节，既满足了动力室对基站用电接入的工作任务安排，也满足了分配动力端子资源与BBU关联的资源变更场景。类似于这样的场景很多，我们都需要清晰的梳理出来，落到线上的生产流程中，将生产流和资源流结合起来、联动起来，实现生产活动驱动资源实施变更。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在梳理资源变更的场景过程中，我们发现资源变更具有一定的共性。对这些变更进行了共性提炼，将变更分为设备生成类、电路调度类、端子端口分配类、IP/VLAN分配类、电力加载类和属性变更类。在系统实现上我们将这些变更全部服务化，成为共性的、标准的资源变更服务，使得我们在实现新场景和改造旧场景时可以大规模的复用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，在实际使用中还有很多高频变更的资源属性，这些属性的变化对资源的使用起了决定性作用，必须从始至终都要关注其准确的变化，纳入到全生命周期中应用。如：端口、端子、纤芯的“业务状态”属性决定了其是否可以被业务使用；光路、电路的“路由”属性决定了其承载的业务能否被正确的开通。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"还有一些资源属性实际应用价值很高，会被外部应用所消费，在综资中管理里是最合适的，也必须要纳入业务流程中维护，确保其准确性。如：机房的“铁塔产品分类（建筑类型）”属性，在测算铁塔租赁费用时是一个非常关键的参数。网元的“设备功率”属性，在电费核算时是判断机房电费是否合理的关键属性。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高频变动属性和高价值属性我们需要明确的梳理出在哪个“应用消费场景”中使用，在哪个“资源变动的应用场景”中变动，以及“数据来源”是什么。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下表是我们对资源变化的场景、高频变化属性和高价值字段梳理后一个统计简表。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b4/b4764f7c88f8db7c733d2628c8ceecaf.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"embedcomp","attrs":{"type":"table","data":{"content":"

专业	引起资源变化的生产场景	高频变化资源字段	高价值字段
空间	4	4	25
管线	7	5	1
传输内线	4	6	4
无线网	4	15	11
核心网	3	2	1
承载网	3	2	1
动环	5	15	2
网络云	8	103	97

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彻底打通物资系统、资产系统、综资系统，实现物流、资产流、资源流的无缝衔接，账实物完全一致。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"现网实际应用成效","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中国电信某省级运营商，借助资源全生命周期管理的支撑，大大提升了其资源投入使用速度和数据质量。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在此之前通常一个工程竣工后，要在多达12个系统上入库数据，数据反复修正，才能达到投入使用的要求。时间一般是工程竣工后延迟7~15天以上。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"系统上线后，借助资源全生命周期管理，流程无缝集成，现在资源在项目竣工后即可使用。资源深入到建网的每个工作环节中，流程驱动数据生成。每个环节生产数据，都是全局可用、全局独一份的。由若干次的入库工作，变成了1次线上直接生成。通过","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"在线设计出图速度","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"由原来的120分钟到现在的3分钟，","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"提升了97.5%","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。通过","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"网管自动","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"发现原来的需要手工维护的逻辑资源数据变成了自动化实现，","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"时间从原来的天级缩短到了分钟级","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。通过","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"线上的稽核、网管的数据比对","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，数据质量稳步提升到","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"95%以上","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。","attrs":{}}]}]}