Python自动化神器-Fabric

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"什么是 Fabric","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fabric","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 是一款可以实现远程执行命令和完成操作的库，相比 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Pramiko","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fabric","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 更加简洁，高效和易用。它提供了很多开箱即用的功能，可以帮助开发者快速实现自动化任务。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"常用的方法","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"什么是 local 方法","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"local","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 方法可以实现在本地执行命令，和 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Python","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 的 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"os.system()","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"作用一样。整体感觉功能强大，使用简单。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"Demo-1","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"demo","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 实现在本地主机上执行命令查看 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hostname","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"from fabric.api import *\n\nenv.user='root'\nenv.password='pwd@123'\nenv.hosts=['10.x.x.1','10.x.x.2']\n\ndef exec_local():\n    local('hostname')\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    import os,sys\n    cmd='fab -f {} exec_local'.format(sys.argv[0])\n    os.system(cmd)\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"执行结果：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PS C:\\> python test.py\n[10.x.x.1] Executing task 'exec_local'\n[localhost] local: hostname\nLenovo-PC-I7-64G\n[10.x.x.2] Executing task 'exec_local'\n[localhost] local: hostname\nLenovo-PC-I7-64G\n\nDone.\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"单次执行","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以上，我们可以看到 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hostname","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 的命令执行了两次，因为我们的主机有 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"2","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 个。那如果我们想要某个命令只在第一台主机上执行，怎么做呢？","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fabric","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 为我们提供了 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"runs_once","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 装饰器来帮我们解决这个问题。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"Demo-2","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"代码：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"from fabric.api import *\n\nenv.user='root'\nenv.password='Panyun@123'\nenv.hosts=['10.135.3.3','10.135.3.22']\n\n@runs_once\ndef exec_local():\n    local('hostname')\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    import os,sys\n    cmd='fab -f {} exec_local'.format(sys.argv[0])\n    os.system(cmd)\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"执行结果：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PS C:\\> python test.py\n[10.x.x.1] Executing task 'exec_local'\n[localhost] local: hostname\nLenovo-PC-I7-64G\n\nDone.\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"什么是 run 方法","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"run","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 方法可以实现在远端主机执行命令，可以和 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"paramiko","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 的 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"exec_command","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 实现同样的功能。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"Demo-1","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"demo","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 实现在远端主机执行 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hostname","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 命令。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"from fabric.api import *\n\nenv.user='root'\nenv.password='pwd@123'\nenv.hosts=['10.x.x.1','10.x.x.2']\n\ndef exec_local():\n    local('hostname')\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    import os,sys\n    cmd='fab -f {} exec_local'.format(sys.argv[0])\n    os.system(cmd)\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"执行结果：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PS C:\\> python test.py\n[10.x.x.1] Executing task 'exec_local'\n[10.x.x.1] run: hostname\n[10.x.x.1] out: ubuntu\n[10.x.x.1] out:\n\n[10.x.x.2] Executing task 'exec_local'\n[10.x.x.2] run: hostname\n[10.x.x.2] out: centos\n[10.x.x.2] out:\n\n\nDone.\nDisconnecting from 10.x.x.1... done.\nDisconnecting from 10.x.x.2... done.\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"什么是 put 方法","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"put","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 方法可以实现将本地文件上传的远端的功能。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"Demo-1","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"demo","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 实现将本地主机的文件上传到远端主机。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"from fabric.api import *\n\nenv.user='root'\nenv.password='pwd@123'\nenv.hosts=['10.x.x.1','10.x.x.2']\n\ndef put_file():\n    put('empty.ok','/home/ok.empty')\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    import os,sys\n    cmd='fab -f {} put_file'.format(sys.argv[0])\n    os.system(cmd)\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"执行结果：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PS C:\\> python test.py\n[10.x.x.1] Executing task 'put_file'\n[10.x.x.1] put: empty.ok -> /home/ok.empty\n[10.x.x.2] Executing task 'put_file'\n[10.x.x.2] put: empty.ok -> /home/ok.empty\n\nDone.\nDisconnecting from 10.x.x.1... done.\nDisconnecting from 10.x.x.2... done.\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"查看上传到远端主机的文件：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3f/3f8bdf910e57c08da1779358ce21828d.png","alt":"","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"什么是 prompt 方法","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"prompt","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 方法可以获取用户输入，从而实现动态参数注入、交互式输入等功能。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48b378","name":"user"}}],"text":"Demo-1","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"demo","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 实现在远端主机执行 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"echo","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#28ca71","name":"user"}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 命令，根据用户输入而输出。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"from fabric.api import *\n\nenv.user='root'\nenv.password='pwd@123'\nenv.hosts=['10.x.x.1','10.x.x.2']\n\ndef exec_local():\n    local('hostname')\n\ndef echo_some():\n    msg=prompt('Please input msg:')\n    run('hostname && echo {}'.format(msg))\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    import os,sys\n    cmd='fab -f {} echo_some'.format(sys.argv[0])\n    os.system(cmd)\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"执行结果：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PS C:\\> python test.py\n[10.x.x.1] Executing task 'echo_some'\nPlease input msg: phyger\n[10.x.x.1] run: hostname && echo phyger\n[10.x.x.1] out: ubuntu\n[10.x.x.1] out: phyger\n[10.x.x.1] out:\n\n[10.x.x.2] Executing task 'echo_some'\nPlease input msg: niubi\n[10.x.x.2] run: hostname && echo niubi\n[10.x.x.2] out: centos\n[10.x.x.2] out: niubi\n[10.x.x.2] out:\n\n\nDone.\nDisconnecting from 10.x.x.1... done.\nDisconnecting from 10.x.x.2... done.\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更多内容请移步Fabric官网。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#6a737d","name":"user"}}],"text":"https://fabric-chs.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/chs/","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}