{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"一週兩套操作系統發佈","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6月2日，華爲通過直播形式舉行了鴻蒙HarmonyOS 2及華爲全場景新品發佈會，關於該發佈會的詳細內容老猿在《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://blog.csdn.net/LaoYuanPython/article/details/117527277","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鴻蒙最新功能及承載設備詳解：HarmonyOS 2及華爲全場景新品發佈會全紀錄","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》進行了詳細介紹，在此不多贅述。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其實在華爲發佈會前，業內有個爆炸性的消息是：5 月25 日，Google發佈了研發5年之久的新操作系統Fuchsia OS1.0，並已經推送到2018 年發佈的初代Nest Hub 智能顯示器上。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相比華爲的發佈會，Fuchsia OS1.0的發佈僅是一個消息報道以及其項目技術負責人 Petr Hosek 的一條推特，要低調很多。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"兩個操作系統，相隔一週左右先後發佈，不但時間相隔近，都是拋棄Android另立門戶，都帶有物聯網的基因，都有自己的產品承載，很難讓人不將二者進行並列比較。接下來老猿就這兩個操作系統的架構、內核、產品特性、物聯網支持、產品化程度以及生態支持等方面進行一下對比分析。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"架構對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲鴻蒙的架構","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鴻蒙HarmonyOS整體遵從分層的層次化設計，從下向上依次爲：內核層、系統服務層、框架層和應用層。系統功能按照“系統 > 子系統 > 功能/模塊”逐級展開，在多設備部署場景下，支持根據實際需求裁剪某些非必要的子系統或功能/模塊。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/16/16527cfc7762a7517e2a29b10d09cbf2.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS的架構比較清晰，不展開過多介紹。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS的架構：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/d6/d67fbdeb632165661785e084b5e93247.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS的架構的四層蛋糕形象介紹的比較多，但四層的功能說明資料卻很少且大多雷同，老猿結合相關資料猜測理解四層的分工如上右邊所示，最上層的Topaz應用層和最下層Zircon內核層不用多介紹。 Garnet 包含各種操作系統所需的各種底層功能，包括硬件的驅動程序（網絡，圖形等）和軟件安裝功能，所以老猿稱爲基礎軟件層。Peridot google服務和應用層，類似於Android 的google gms服務，爲谷歌公司系列應用提供支持。如果還有需要進一步瞭解相關層功能的，請參考下面附錄的參考資料。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這兩種方式的架構，Fuchsia OS的架構各層的功能可能還存在一定的不確定性，但從架構上來說，華爲已經明確HarmonyOS是分佈式系統架構，但Fuchsia OS筆者尚不能確認，不過猜想fuchisa設備之間可能是一種類似集中式的雲式結構，各個設備是雲主機的客戶端，相互之間可以通信，但是要基於google統一的賬號註冊。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"內核子系統對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS採用多內核設計，支持針對不同資源受限設備選用適合的OS內核。內核抽象層（KAL，KernelAbstract Layer）通過屏蔽多內核差異，對上層提供基礎的內核能力，目前支持Linux內核和LiteOS內核。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS的內核是一個由Google全新設計的新內核，主要處理硬件訪問和軟件之間的通信，可以認爲是一個專用內核。Fuchsia OS 的核心獨立於硬件規格，使用模塊化方法，將其分割成多個構建塊或“包”，製造商能夠根據設備選擇 Fuchsia 的功能，且可能僅通過安裝更新的組件就可以添加新功能。這種方式可以有效降低模塊之間的相互影響，可維護性和迭代開發快。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二者的內核各有優缺點：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS的內核優點是支持靈活擴展，可以適配不同資源受限設備，一個操作系統統一設備上層操作，應該是與分佈式架構配套的支持不同設備的很好的解決方案。老猿唯一有點擔心的是否存在安卓與Linux的GPL許可之間的衝突，但這點相信華爲是經過仔細論證的，最不濟也就是安卓的狀況。何況萬一不行，Linux內核以後也許是可以替換而不用影響上層的系統和應用的","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS的內核是全新設計的新內核，有嵌入式OS領域的頂尖專家加盟，可能是個輕量級的內核，加上模塊化的設計，這樣才能適配不同資源受限設備，其優點是谷歌自己完全掌控，但是否真正完全適合不同情況的設備還有待觀察。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"產品特性對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS目前的產品特性方面公佈的數據不多，HarmonyOS則宣傳得比較多，這應該是因爲Fuchsia OS成熟度方面還不夠導致的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前二者都可以通過安卓虛擬機來運行安卓程序，鴻蒙脫離安卓後，可以把應用編譯成字節碼提升速度，會通過存儲管理避免存儲碎片化，提升系統效率，這些Fuchsia OS不知是否會有相關特性。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外一方面，鴻蒙的分佈式特性構造的超級終端，可以將多個局域網內設備組織成一體來使用，如可以使用手錶接入視頻呼叫後，在大屏電視上顯示視頻，在手錶上聽聲音，在麥克風上發送語音，也可以將相關內容在不同設備間流暢的流轉。這些特性還是有比較大的創新性，也容易吸引使用者。而Fuchsia OS目前來看，並不具備這些特性。但Fuchsia OS肯定有其自身的殺手鐗，只是由於公開資料少，尚不知而已。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外HarmonyOS支持對接不同的操作系統內核，只要其滿足HarmonyOS對其訪問的要求，這在物聯網操作系統羣雄逐鹿的環境下，比Fuchsia OS具有較大的優勢。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前來看，HarmonyOS在產品特性上暫時佔有優勢。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"物聯網支持對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在物聯網支持方面，HarmonyOS通過底層的LiteOS對接硬件設備，然後通過上層的分佈式架構（軟總線）、安全組件、原子服務快速將局域網內的設備組成超級終端，相互之間的通信主要使用局域網新的無線協議和通訊方式進行，並使用運行在任何鴻蒙帶屏設備上的操作中心進行統一操控。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS通過TCP/IP協議使用Peridot提供的google服務進行設備聯網，在局域網內構建子網，應該也會提供統一操控應用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS通過設備編號進行安全認證之後設備之間組建成局域網，各個局域網是碎片化的，擴展性、操控性都非常不錯，同時又保證了安全性、私密性和隱私性，但華爲在此很難找到商業利益","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS設備通過TCP/IP訪問統一的google服務，設備的認證預計是基於谷歌賬號進行的，這樣能保障谷歌的商業利益和統一控制，但對用戶而言存在隱私數據外泄問題，同時如果谷歌服務出現問題，可能會影響設備的使用","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"產品化程度對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"兩者都已經有發行版本，HarmonyOS已經搭載在自己的手錶、平板、顯示器、藍牙耳機新品上，並在6月2日開始進行Mate40、P40系列、mate30系列以及MatePadPro的版本搭載，後續將有更多系列的華爲已有設備將搭載HarmonyOS。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS1.0目前推送到2018 年發佈的初代Nest Hub 智能顯示器上，可能在2年之內繼續在一些家用設備上發佈該操作系統。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從產品化程度來看，HarmonyOS已經佔了一定的先機，無論是品類還是數量都比Fuchsia OS多，這個方面希望華爲能持續擴展優勢，但也不能就此小覷了Fuchsia OS，谷歌的整體環境比華爲好很多，厚積薄發也是有可能的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"生態支持對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"生態分爲兩類，一是使用操作系統的合作廠商生態，另一是開發者生態。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"無論是主動還是被動，Fuchsia OS和HarmonyOS都是拋開安卓另立門戶，這就意味着都得拋開現在已經做得很好的Android生態另起爐竈，從某種意義上來說二者的生態基礎是相同的，但實際上二者在此還是有些差異。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲一方面將","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"HarmonyOS將源代碼捐贈給","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"開放原子開源基金會","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"進行","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"孵化，另一方面積極構建應用創新夥伴圈，這個是鴻蒙上運行的京東：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3f/3f452bf644683f010647ede459d4baed.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前已經和華爲在鴻蒙上合作的相關夥伴：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/8d/8d80ed8e95c37aca76303f9184877bd0.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時華爲與高校合作聯合培養鴻蒙開發人才，啓動HarmonyOS高校人才培育計劃，將推動超過15款HarmonyOS課程走入高校，以培養更多HarmonyOS全棧開發後備力量。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而谷歌採用的對策是在2018年12月，發佈可被用來開發安卓、iOS和Fuchsia OS APP的SDK Flutter正式版，通過提前發佈跨平臺的應用開發框架爲後續Fuchsia OS 的開發佈局，這個確實是一個有戰略眼光的佈局。但在當前Android生態磅礴發展的形式下，讓開發者將絕大部分應用往flutter遷移是個不可能完成的任務。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下來，谷歌有2條路可以走，一是同時維護Android的版本和Fuchsia OS版本，如果是這樣，Fuchsia 的生態做起來會很困難，甚至比華爲更困難，二是停止Android版本的後續開發，專心往Fuchsia OS方向發展，這樣對谷歌和華爲甚至其他第三方都意味着機會，可能華爲因搶佔先機而拔得頭籌，不過google估計不會這樣傻的自毀長城，一定會在其認爲成熟的時機纔會走這步。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於現在的生態情況來說，目前華爲稍微走在前面一點，但對華爲和谷歌來說，都是舉步維艱。開發人才的培養相對整個生態來說可能還不是最主要的，合作的設備商的培養是最艱難的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於華爲來說，整個生態的建設可能更艱難一些，國內其他手機頭部廠商光講愛國情懷是不夠的，更要考慮商業利益，他們會考慮搭載鴻蒙會否導致美國的芯片禁令、是否會導致自己落後於華爲、是否會導致Android生態優勢的喪失？華爲從物聯網和自己的手機產品開始是不得不爲之的措施，也是唯一可行的措施，如果真正將鴻蒙生態構建得比較有規模，如手機市場佔有率突破16%以上，國內的芯片也取得了關鍵性的技術突破，則就是真正破局之時。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"總結：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS和FuchsiaOS在當前安卓生態環境下，目前在手機領域只有通過安卓虛擬機兼容安卓應用來完成自己的艱難啓程，在安卓繼續使用的情況下，二者都還需要走過較長的艱難時光，在物聯網領域則機會更多一些，整個社會對物聯網的重視能給二者帶來突破重圍的有力支持，同時正是由於二者都佈局物聯網領域，也說明物聯網操作系統非常大概率是個正確方向。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總體來說，HarmonyOS整體稍走在前面，但FuchsiaOS也可能厚積薄發。鹿死誰手、還是共同競爭成長抑或都被淘汰？目前尚不足以判斷，估計只有時光才能給出最終的答案。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"後記","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文是筆者基於網上部分資料、華爲6月2日發佈會等材料基礎之上，加上自己的總結分析及感悟編寫而成，由於材料有限，難免存在謬誤，歡迎大家指正。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"參考資料","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/gvIjh5StNEzn4a_J7GVFSw","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS正式公開可用，谷歌邁出了五年來最關鍵的一步","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://blog.csdn.net/zhou906767220/article/details/84637810","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"簡述 Fuchsia 操作系統的四層結構設計","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/148143127","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"fuchsia的源碼樹初探","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://blog.csdn.net/jyl_sh/article/details/109044545","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲鴻蒙系統HarmonyOS學習之二：鴻蒙HarmonyOS系統架構","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
華爲VS谷歌：萬物互聯，誰主沉浮？
{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"一週兩套操作系統發佈","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6月2日，華爲通過直播形式舉行了鴻蒙HarmonyOS 2及華爲全場景新品發佈會，關於該發佈會的詳細內容老猿在《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://blog.csdn.net/LaoYuanPython/article/details/117527277","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鴻蒙最新功能及承載設備詳解：HarmonyOS 2及華爲全場景新品發佈會全紀錄","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》進行了詳細介紹，在此不多贅述。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其實在華爲發佈會前，業內有個爆炸性的消息是：5 月25 日，Google發佈了研發5年之久的新操作系統Fuchsia OS1.0，並已經推送到2018 年發佈的初代Nest Hub 智能顯示器上。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相比華爲的發佈會，Fuchsia OS1.0的發佈僅是一個消息報道以及其項目技術負責人 Petr Hosek 的一條推特，要低調很多。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"兩個操作系統，相隔一週左右先後發佈，不但時間相隔近，都是拋棄Android另立門戶，都帶有物聯網的基因，都有自己的產品承載，很難讓人不將二者進行並列比較。接下來老猿就這兩個操作系統的架構、內核、產品特性、物聯網支持、產品化程度以及生態支持等方面進行一下對比分析。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"架構對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲鴻蒙的架構","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鴻蒙HarmonyOS整體遵從分層的層次化設計，從下向上依次爲：內核層、系統服務層、框架層和應用層。系統功能按照“系統 > 子系統 > 功能/模塊”逐級展開，在多設備部署場景下，支持根據實際需求裁剪某些非必要的子系統或功能/模塊。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/16/16527cfc7762a7517e2a29b10d09cbf2.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS的架構比較清晰，不展開過多介紹。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS的架構：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/d6/d67fbdeb632165661785e084b5e93247.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS的架構的四層蛋糕形象介紹的比較多，但四層的功能說明資料卻很少且大多雷同，老猿結合相關資料猜測理解四層的分工如上右邊所示，最上層的Topaz應用層和最下層Zircon內核層不用多介紹。 Garnet 包含各種操作系統所需的各種底層功能，包括硬件的驅動程序（網絡，圖形等）和軟件安裝功能，所以老猿稱爲基礎軟件層。Peridot google服務和應用層，類似於Android 的google gms服務，爲谷歌公司系列應用提供支持。如果還有需要進一步瞭解相關層功能的，請參考下面附錄的參考資料。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這兩種方式的架構，Fuchsia OS的架構各層的功能可能還存在一定的不確定性，但從架構上來說，華爲已經明確HarmonyOS是分佈式系統架構，但Fuchsia OS筆者尚不能確認，不過猜想fuchisa設備之間可能是一種類似集中式的雲式結構，各個設備是雲主機的客戶端，相互之間可以通信，但是要基於google統一的賬號註冊。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"內核子系統對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS採用多內核設計，支持針對不同資源受限設備選用適合的OS內核。內核抽象層（KAL，KernelAbstract Layer）通過屏蔽多內核差異，對上層提供基礎的內核能力，目前支持Linux內核和LiteOS內核。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS的內核是一個由Google全新設計的新內核，主要處理硬件訪問和軟件之間的通信，可以認爲是一個專用內核。Fuchsia OS 的核心獨立於硬件規格，使用模塊化方法，將其分割成多個構建塊或“包”，製造商能夠根據設備選擇 Fuchsia 的功能，且可能僅通過安裝更新的組件就可以添加新功能。這種方式可以有效降低模塊之間的相互影響，可維護性和迭代開發快。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二者的內核各有優缺點：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS的內核優點是支持靈活擴展，可以適配不同資源受限設備，一個操作系統統一設備上層操作，應該是與分佈式架構配套的支持不同設備的很好的解決方案。老猿唯一有點擔心的是否存在安卓與Linux的GPL許可之間的衝突，但這點相信華爲是經過仔細論證的，最不濟也就是安卓的狀況。何況萬一不行，Linux內核以後也許是可以替換而不用影響上層的系統和應用的","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS的內核是全新設計的新內核，有嵌入式OS領域的頂尖專家加盟，可能是個輕量級的內核，加上模塊化的設計，這樣才能適配不同資源受限設備，其優點是谷歌自己完全掌控，但是否真正完全適合不同情況的設備還有待觀察。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"產品特性對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS目前的產品特性方面公佈的數據不多，HarmonyOS則宣傳得比較多，這應該是因爲Fuchsia OS成熟度方面還不夠導致的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前二者都可以通過安卓虛擬機來運行安卓程序，鴻蒙脫離安卓後，可以把應用編譯成字節碼提升速度，會通過存儲管理避免存儲碎片化，提升系統效率，這些Fuchsia OS不知是否會有相關特性。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外一方面，鴻蒙的分佈式特性構造的超級終端，可以將多個局域網內設備組織成一體來使用，如可以使用手錶接入視頻呼叫後，在大屏電視上顯示視頻，在手錶上聽聲音，在麥克風上發送語音，也可以將相關內容在不同設備間流暢的流轉。這些特性還是有比較大的創新性，也容易吸引使用者。而Fuchsia OS目前來看，並不具備這些特性。但Fuchsia OS肯定有其自身的殺手鐗，只是由於公開資料少，尚不知而已。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外HarmonyOS支持對接不同的操作系統內核，只要其滿足HarmonyOS對其訪問的要求，這在物聯網操作系統羣雄逐鹿的環境下，比Fuchsia OS具有較大的優勢。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前來看，HarmonyOS在產品特性上暫時佔有優勢。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"物聯網支持對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在物聯網支持方面，HarmonyOS通過底層的LiteOS對接硬件設備，然後通過上層的分佈式架構（軟總線）、安全組件、原子服務快速將局域網內的設備組成超級終端，相互之間的通信主要使用局域網新的無線協議和通訊方式進行，並使用運行在任何鴻蒙帶屏設備上的操作中心進行統一操控。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS通過TCP/IP協議使用Peridot提供的google服務進行設備聯網，在局域網內構建子網，應該也會提供統一操控應用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS通過設備編號進行安全認證之後設備之間組建成局域網，各個局域網是碎片化的，擴展性、操控性都非常不錯，同時又保證了安全性、私密性和隱私性，但華爲在此很難找到商業利益","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS設備通過TCP/IP訪問統一的google服務，設備的認證預計是基於谷歌賬號進行的，這樣能保障谷歌的商業利益和統一控制，但對用戶而言存在隱私數據外泄問題，同時如果谷歌服務出現問題，可能會影響設備的使用","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"產品化程度對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"兩者都已經有發行版本，HarmonyOS已經搭載在自己的手錶、平板、顯示器、藍牙耳機新品上，並在6月2日開始進行Mate40、P40系列、mate30系列以及MatePadPro的版本搭載，後續將有更多系列的華爲已有設備將搭載HarmonyOS。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS1.0目前推送到2018 年發佈的初代Nest Hub 智能顯示器上，可能在2年之內繼續在一些家用設備上發佈該操作系統。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從產品化程度來看，HarmonyOS已經佔了一定的先機，無論是品類還是數量都比Fuchsia OS多，這個方面希望華爲能持續擴展優勢，但也不能就此小覷了Fuchsia OS，谷歌的整體環境比華爲好很多，厚積薄發也是有可能的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#9254DE","name":"purple"}}],"text":"生態支持對比","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"生態分爲兩類，一是使用操作系統的合作廠商生態，另一是開發者生態。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"無論是主動還是被動，Fuchsia OS和HarmonyOS都是拋開安卓另立門戶，這就意味着都得拋開現在已經做得很好的Android生態另起爐竈，從某種意義上來說二者的生態基礎是相同的，但實際上二者在此還是有些差異。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲一方面將","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"HarmonyOS將源代碼捐贈給","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"開放原子開源基金會","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"進行","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"孵化，另一方面積極構建應用創新夥伴圈，這個是鴻蒙上運行的京東：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3f/3f452bf644683f010647ede459d4baed.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前已經和華爲在鴻蒙上合作的相關夥伴：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/8d/8d80ed8e95c37aca76303f9184877bd0.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時華爲與高校合作聯合培養鴻蒙開發人才，啓動HarmonyOS高校人才培育計劃，將推動超過15款HarmonyOS課程走入高校，以培養更多HarmonyOS全棧開發後備力量。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而谷歌採用的對策是在2018年12月，發佈可被用來開發安卓、iOS和Fuchsia OS APP的SDK Flutter正式版，通過提前發佈跨平臺的應用開發框架爲後續Fuchsia OS 的開發佈局，這個確實是一個有戰略眼光的佈局。但在當前Android生態磅礴發展的形式下，讓開發者將絕大部分應用往flutter遷移是個不可能完成的任務。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下來，谷歌有2條路可以走，一是同時維護Android的版本和Fuchsia OS版本，如果是這樣，Fuchsia 的生態做起來會很困難，甚至比華爲更困難，二是停止Android版本的後續開發，專心往Fuchsia OS方向發展，這樣對谷歌和華爲甚至其他第三方都意味着機會，可能華爲因搶佔先機而拔得頭籌，不過google估計不會這樣傻的自毀長城，一定會在其認爲成熟的時機纔會走這步。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於現在的生態情況來說，目前華爲稍微走在前面一點，但對華爲和谷歌來說，都是舉步維艱。開發人才的培養相對整個生態來說可能還不是最主要的，合作的設備商的培養是最艱難的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於華爲來說，整個生態的建設可能更艱難一些，國內其他手機頭部廠商光講愛國情懷是不夠的，更要考慮商業利益，他們會考慮搭載鴻蒙會否導致美國的芯片禁令、是否會導致自己落後於華爲、是否會導致Android生態優勢的喪失？華爲從物聯網和自己的手機產品開始是不得不爲之的措施，也是唯一可行的措施，如果真正將鴻蒙生態構建得比較有規模，如手機市場佔有率突破16%以上，國內的芯片也取得了關鍵性的技術突破，則就是真正破局之時。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"總結：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS和FuchsiaOS在當前安卓生態環境下，目前在手機領域只有通過安卓虛擬機兼容安卓應用來完成自己的艱難啓程，在安卓繼續使用的情況下，二者都還需要走過較長的艱難時光，在物聯網領域則機會更多一些，整個社會對物聯網的重視能給二者帶來突破重圍的有力支持，同時正是由於二者都佈局物聯網領域，也說明物聯網操作系統非常大概率是個正確方向。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總體來說，HarmonyOS整體稍走在前面，但FuchsiaOS也可能厚積薄發。鹿死誰手、還是共同競爭成長抑或都被淘汰？目前尚不足以判斷，估計只有時光才能給出最終的答案。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"後記","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文是筆者基於網上部分資料、華爲6月2日發佈會等材料基礎之上，加上自己的總結分析及感悟編寫而成，由於材料有限，難免存在謬誤，歡迎大家指正。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"參考資料","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/gvIjh5StNEzn4a_J7GVFSw","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS正式公開可用，谷歌邁出了五年來最關鍵的一步","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://blog.csdn.net/zhou906767220/article/details/84637810","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"簡述 Fuchsia 操作系統的四層結構設計","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/148143127","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"fuchsia的源碼樹初探","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://blog.csdn.net/jyl_sh/article/details/109044545","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲鴻蒙系統HarmonyOS學習之二：鴻蒙HarmonyOS系統架構","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
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