產品經理洞察：到2025年即服務的變化情況

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分析師：Brandon Medford, Mike Dorosh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"適應 2025 年的即服務產品","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着雲交付和消費模式對整個IT市場的持續性顛覆，IaaS、PaaS和SaaS已經催生了許多","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.gartner.com/cn/doc/727805-product-manager-insight-changes-in-as-a-service-through-2025","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"即服務","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"衍生品。產品經理必須瞭解這些趨勢，並優先在一切即服務中發揮其價值。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"即服務概述","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關鍵發現未來，一切即服務（XaaS）的價值和差異化將與功能和屬性的持續交付息息相關，而不僅僅涉及堆棧管理。 XaaS產品將越來越多地包含人工智能（AI）/機器學習（ML），從而進行本地化、優化、自動化和額外 價值創造。 XaaS將越來越模塊化，通過低代碼和其他形式的自助服務更具靈活性。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.gartner.com/cn","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"建議","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"爲了在2025年開發出具有重要意義的XaaS產品，產品經理必須：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使交付速度與特定客戶羣接受變化的能力相一致，在產品規劃中接受快速、持續的交付模式。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"獲取和利用可用可訪問的、並與關鍵產品用例相關的數據類型，通過人工智能提供差異化的增值服務。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"增加可配置選項，使客戶能夠進行探索和共同創造，並協調產品模塊與生態系統中的其他產品，將重點 轉移到差異化的商業價值上。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner分析","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術的快速更迭帶來源源不斷的商業機遇，而產品經理只有以同樣的速度發展才能把握這些機遇。組織結 構、流程和文化通常不能夠適應快速的變化，所以產品經理需要加速發展其團隊，採用更敏捷和主動的實 踐做法。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本份Gartner關於","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.gartner.com/cn/doc/727805-product-manager-insight-changes-in-as-a-service-through-2025","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2025年產品經理的報告","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"可以使您規劃和轉變產品團隊，應對未來的挑戰。 即服務交付模式的引入讓從企業基礎設施到消費者軟件幾乎所有的技術領域都受到了影響。雖然各領域 的顛覆方式不同，但推動企業機構選擇即服務的因素卻是相同的。到2025年，即服務模式的價值將由持續交付、ML功能支持和產品配置能力來定義（見表1）。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"即服務：是一種技術解決方案;","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"（1）技術堆棧中產品下面的所有層次由供應商負責 管理（2）價格通過計價或訂閱決定。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/49/49d2f2835b123434f1b309252dcfea32.png","alt":"Gartner即服務預測","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持續交付更新和功能 即服務方式交付的產品在更新方面有兩個主要的價值主張。客戶避免了實施或更新的初始成本，也避免了 與實施和更新失敗相關的風險。這使得產品比傳統交付方式更靈活。到2025年，大多數客戶將認爲價值 來自於交付的速度。 一些市場將要求快速交付，另一些市場則更加謹慎，但相同的是它們都需要進行統一、可預測的更新。爲此，產品經理必須爲其即服務產品鋪設部署管道，並利用DevOps原則將功能開發流程程序化。廣義上講， 這需要循環利用功能清單（feature backlog）、衝刺（sprint）、發佈（release）和回顧（retrospective），如圖1所示。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a3/a3f81845ebce2916677b364fa5733795.png","alt":"DevOps原則支持持續發佈交付","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然軟件產品可能會發現這種過渡十分直觀——也許是通過應用DevOps策略，如功能開關和金絲雀部署 ——但對於任何正在或將要通過即服務交付的產品來說，這都是十分必要的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"產品經理還需要牢記系統集成點，避免對客戶造成不必要的干擾。這些集成點包括API、基於用戶體驗的 機器人流程自動化（RPA）和許多其他向後兼容的問題。潛在的干擾需要成爲發佈評審過程的一部分。產 品經理還需要適當平衡速度（通過查看變更請求的數量和頻率以及客戶羣的可靠性期望等因素）和干擾。 然後，建立開發流程以達到理想的發佈速度。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最終，客戶所期望的持續優化服務將迫使服務供應商重新思考收集、評估和排列客戶需求的方法，並 繪製路線圖。快速收集和審查需求，不斷聽取客戶反饋，評審競爭格局和情報，以及更新路線圖將是 保持競爭力的關鍵。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創建使用AI和ML的功能","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以即服務方式交付的產品會受到供應商的管理和監督，因此供應商能夠獲得大量有價值的元數據，特別是 關於客戶行爲和產品使用情況的元數據。這是本地應用所不具備的一個主要優勢，因爲收集本地應用的產 品數據十分複雜。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這些數據可以作爲未來發布創意的參考，也可以作爲AI/ML功能的數據源，從而改善客戶體驗，爲用戶提 供可操作洞察。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner的調查數據表明，現在只有不到10%的企業機構在大規模利用人工智能，而 超過80%的企業機構還處於實驗或規劃階段。","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"——2020年Gartner關於AI對技術和服務供應商產品和服務的影響調查","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AI/ML不易部署，所以產品經理要使其產品功能在2025年之前利用這些能力，就需要從現在開始行動。他 們首先需要用專門的產品分析工具收集數據。但是要注意保護客戶數據，而且產品經理收集以供內部使用 元數據爲使用情況元數據，而不是客戶專有數據。然後，他們必須與數據科學家合作，建立模型來檢驗數 據的價值。一個產品可能有多種不同類型的元數據，並能夠揭示其他匿名用戶過去使用某一特定功能的情 況。這些元數據可能來自：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"時間戳或計時器","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"普通條目/活動","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於職位的偏好","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"路徑分析","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一旦產品經理確定了數據集的價值和重要性，他們就必須決定在產品的哪裏融入AI/ML元素。這是不能孤 立完成的。到2025年，內置AI/ML集成的功能將在即服務交付產品中十分普遍。將評論或建議無縫、準 確嵌入功能中的產品將與那些提供可忽略或不準確AI/ML功能的批量產品區分開來。例如：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具有云配置和協調功能的雲管理平臺產品可能會在部署點爲用戶提供其他匿名用戶在何種環境部署 類似的工作負載、甚至這些工作負載如何定期滿足性能預期的示例。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼PaaS產品可以根據ML（以所有先前的成功部署進行訓練），提供後續行動建議（預測）。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果用戶在一個給定的頁面上停留的時間已經超過了預期，網絡應用可以提示用戶，並提供常用的空 白選項，或者提供一個啓動支持聊天的選項。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一些客戶即使是以匿名的形式，也可能難以收集和重新使用與他們活動有關的元數據。在這種情況下，產品 經理可能需要提供退出條款，並規劃他們可能對收集數據的真實性產生的影響。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發有針對性的配置選項以提高市場份額","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相對服務來說，產品更加標準化，前者的每個部署和/或客戶都需要一個獨特的互動方式。即服務方式提 供的產品介於這兩個極端之間，爲提高效率而犧牲了可定製性，但許多產品在利用即服務模式時必須縮小 已解決用例的範圍。爲了擴大總體目標市場並支持不斷變化的客戶需求，負責2025年即服務交付產品的 產品經理需要開發以客戶爲中心的針對性配置選項，使產品更接近客戶價值。圖2藍色代表產品的範圍。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"圖2：通過針對性配置選項來增加價值","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/fa/fa143e73965461f31a6c969980502b54.png","alt":"","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他們需要開發一些關鍵的配置選項，但不得超過產品在價值鏈中的一個層次。這些選項不是其他版本，也 不應該是複合產物（除非產品的範圍有意改變，例如，建立一個全新的、專門的功能集或配套產品）。與 大規模定製不同的是，這些選項在部署後依然可以改變，但改變內容取決於客戶。例如，雲基CRM可以 提供低代碼/無代碼的選項，從而與聯絡中心的解決方案整合。如果聯絡中心的解決方案是基於微服務架 構，如通信平臺即服務（CPaaS），或者兩個應用程序都運行在一個容器化架構中，這些選項也能夠使用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在模塊化產品和高度集成的產品組中，產品模塊之間的集成點可能有額外的配置機會。任何這樣的互操 作性都應該爲該套件的客戶產生不同的效用（例如，在整個模塊中持續存在的業務規則，而不需要客戶 的額外輸入），以抵消客戶的額外鎖定。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.gartner.com/cn/doc/727805-product-manager-insight-changes-in-as-a-service-through-2025","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下載Gartner該份研究","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關於","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.gartner.com/cn","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"（高德納）","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner,Inc.（紐約證券交易所：IT）是全球領先的","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.gartner.com/cn","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信息技術研究和顧問公司","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"，也是標準普爾500指數包含的上市公司之一。Gartner爲企業領導者提供必不可少的見解、建議和工具，以幫助他們達成其優先處理的關鍵事項及建設在未來能夠取得成功的企業機構。Gartner完美結合了專家主導、來源於從業者的資源和數據驅動的研究，使客戶能夠在最重要的問題上做出正確的決策。Gartner的客戶遍及100多個國家的14,000個企業機構，覆蓋各行各業、各種企業規模的主要職能部門。這些客戶都深信Gartner是客觀的資源提供者和重要合作伙伴。欲瞭解更多Gartner如何幫助決策者推動企業未來發展，請訪問","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.gartner.com/cn","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner中國官網","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"https://www.gartner.com/cn","attrs":{}}]}]}