商用RTC vs 基於開源WebRTC自研 開發者該如何選擇？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"疫情催發RTC由較窄賽道進入較寬賽道，由一種技術能力逐漸演進爲一種標準，甚至是互聯網的基礎設施，成爲與5G、AI等新興技術並列被提及的高頻熱詞。業界普遍認爲，後疫情風暴中的RTC在各場景應用中發揮了重要作用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因爲，RTC不僅推動了現有場景的加速落地，同時也在與AR、VR、MR等新設備新能力相結合，賦能更多創新場景。對於開發者來說，該如何選擇RTC，面臨的首要問題就是：第三方商用RTC還是基於開源WebRTC自研？本文將提供幾個思考維度，幫開發者理清思路。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"思考一：商用RTC廠商推動RTC技術發展演進","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"RTC的發展從技術上看，是與時代相結合的。RTC的早期應用主要是視頻會議，使用者往往擁有專有的硬件設備，在專有網絡上進行。進入商業4G時代後，互聯網場景裏，PC和手機這類的設備是不可控的，而網絡更是一個非穩態環境。因此，之前基於設備和專有網絡保障的RTC技術，在廣域互聯網時代裏進行了非常大的演進。比如，在軟件層面需要重新構建3A算法，包括視頻採集、編解碼的新算法；在全球通信網絡架構層面，要合理利用邊緣計算節點，更好地進行最後一公里的連接等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"RTC技術在適應時代發展變化，意味着它不是簡單的書本上的知識，而是經歷着大量的實踐，開發中還要踩過無數的坑。每一項RTC技術上的革新與進步，都承載着研發人員適應網絡變化、滿足不同場景需求的經驗累積。這些是商用RTC廠商在推動RTC技術發展過程中，逐漸被開發者所認可的最大原因。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"思考二：質量爲先？還是價格爲先？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，市場上同時存在商用第三方RTC廠商和以開源WebRTC爲基礎的自研方。對於開發者來說，雖然商用RTC推動着RTC技術整體向前發展，但是也存在成本高居不下的問題。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於初創企業或有一定學習能力的開發者來說，往往","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"入坑選擇了開源WebRTC","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"成爲自研方。","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"開源WebRTC有非常明顯的優勢和劣勢，享受它的優點，就要接受它的缺點。它的優點毋庸置疑是短期內成本低，甚至0成本就可以上手。但從長期看，隨着業務量的增長，和對實時音視頻高清晰、低延時、無卡頓的要求越來越高，開源WebRTC往往難以滿足。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當這種情況出現時，就需要由開源WebRTC向第三方RTC廠商遷移替換。這樣一來，對開發者來說，需要重新熟悉第三方RTC廠商數百個SDK接口或場景Demo，如果業務正處於運營上升期，還存在遷移過程中，數據存儲丟失，無法確保業務連續性的風險。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，“以質量爲先？還是以價格爲先”，在筆者看來是個僞命題。以價格爲先，選擇了開源WebRTC的自研者最終還是要轉向第三方RTC廠商。","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"如果開發者想運營一款未來爆款的App，最好","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http://www.zjjzx.cn/news/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"的","attrs":{}}],"marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"選擇一定是使用商用第三方RTC廠商。","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"一線陣營的RTC廠商，都擁有數百人專業的研發團隊，技術穩定成熟；有的廠商還自研自建全球通信網絡，部署多地數據中心和數百個邊緣節點，確保底層基礎架構健碩。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，市場上處於一線陣營的RTC廠商，有專注於通信雲賽道的聲網、即構、融雲等PaaS雲廠商，還有互聯網大廠阿里雲、騰訊雲、網易雲信等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"思考三：結合場景化Demo和最佳實踐，選擇第三方RTC廠商","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"RTC技術在互聯網的應用場景非常廣泛，比如，支持一對一音視頻通話的1V1 教學場景、在線看房中的 VR 看房場景、1V1 社交中的陪聊場景；支持一對多音視頻通話的語聊房、在線KTV、遊戲直播、互動小班課；支持多對多音視頻通話的遠程醫療會診和手術示教、多人相親等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基本上一線陣營的RTC廠商都可以支持上述的在線教育、泛娛樂社交、遠程醫療等廣泛場景。這時，開發者應多考慮自身項目的應用場景，選擇可以提供場景化Demo的廠商，這樣便於快速上手，不用在數百個SDK中自己篩選適合場景的開發模塊，可以節省不少開發時間。除了場景化Demo以外，如果選擇有該場景最佳實踐的廠商，往往也會幫開發者少走彎路。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，小編了解到，融雲的通信雲能力可以爲在線KTV、語聊房、多人相親、電商直播、遠程會診、手術示教以及在線教育等數百種應用場景賦能。比如，融云爲某客戶提供的底層IM和實時音視頻能力，通過深入瞭解在線教育場景，幫助其實現了在線教育App的低延時直播，無論是大班課、小班課，還是一對一VIP課，可靈活控制直播間內的參與者，實現講師與學生的互動，不僅支持高品質音視頻，同時還支持白板、錄播回看等功能。這樣的一線實力RTC廠商，往往可以成爲開發者在不同場景下優先考慮的廠商。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"結語","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"後疫情風暴中的RTC從一個隱形事物，逐漸成爲開發者關心的熱門領域。從某技術網站數據看，RTC相關的文章及視頻發佈已經超過了30萬篇，帶來的閱讀和觀看量已經超過了30億，對於RTC感興趣的單一視頻訪問量甚至超過了70萬。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，本文希望給正在學習RTC技術的，或正在選擇RTC能力的開發者，以啓發和借鑑。小編始終認爲，商用第三方RTC是開發者更可靠、更穩定和更長遠的選擇。在選擇時，要考慮一線實力RTC廠商有無場景化Demo，有無該場景的最佳實踐，這樣才能少走彎路多避坑。","attrs":{}}]}]}