【得物技术】得物WMS如何助力仓库拣货

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"引言","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉仓库作业的人都知道，常见仓库拣货有两种方式：“摘果式”拣货和“播种式”拣货。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"摘果式拣货是针对每一份订单进行拣选，拣货人员或者设备巡回于各个货物储位，将所需的货物取出，形似摘果。特点是：每个人每次只处理一份订单。适用于sku少，订单量大的场景。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"播种式拣货是把多份订单集合成一批，先把其中每种商品的数量分表汇总，再逐个对订单进行分拣，形似播种，因此称其为“按商品拣货再分播”更为恰当。特点是每次处理多份订单。适用于一个订单多件，并且仓库sku较多的场景。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很显然，得物不适合摘果式拣货，但得物也不仅仅使用播种式拣货。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"得物的拣货模式","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"到目前为止，得物的交易订单都是一单一件的。在仓储领域，我们称之为single单，或者S单。除了交易订单，还有退货单，取回单，调拨单等各种出库单类型。也就是除了一单一件的，还有不少是一单多件的，在仓储领域，我们称之为multiple单，或者M单。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Single单拣货模式","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拣货单拣货","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于S单，在拣货完是可以直接去绑证绑扣发货的，这种显然不适合播种式拣货和摘果式拣货。那我们该使用什么方式来拣货呢？正常的做法是跑波次，生成拣货单，使用拣货单进行拣货，拣货人员拿着拣货单去拣货，一个拣货单拣完后，就将商品送去防伪发货。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/fc/fc987100db613b73b390d36e8cc4627c.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上图中，一个波次有200个订单，根据一定的规则，生成了4个拣货单，安排4个拣货员对这4个拣货单分别进行拣货，拣货员按照系统设定的拣货路径，将拣货单中所有的商品拣完，交由防伪发货做后续流程。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这种方式的优点是：实现简单，拣货路径比较确定。但是也存在一些问题：一个拣货单中的商品只能一个人来拣，而且需要等拣货单全部拣货完成，才能进行防伪和发货。这对于订单的时效不利。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那有什么优化方式么？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"FlowPick","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"动态拣货打破了原有波次的模式，无需波次，无需拣货单，采用的是一种类似滴滴司机抢单接单的模式来领取拣货任务。如下图。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/41/41ef5c416d8ff06d424fc497e28c1e34.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拣货人员，在TA自己负责的拣货库区，随意扫描一个库位，PDA会向后台发送一个请求来领取一个拣货任务。后台系统会自动找一个路径最优的，并且优先级高的任务给到拣货员去拣货。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上面是一个简单的示意图，在得物的场景中，还需要考虑很多的情况：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如次日达的单据，需要有最高的优先级，目前在没有包裹分拣机支持的情况下，需要走独立的拣货，防伪发货和交接。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"还要控制水位，比如后面防伪复检出现积压的时候，需要适当控制拣货速度。或者后面输送线出现了积压，也需要控制拣货，否则不仅输送线出现拥堵，连巷道都会出现拥堵。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外要考虑的就是，拣货员找不到货的情况，系统提示货位上有货，但实际没有。对于这个问题，我后面再讲。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Multiple单拣货模式","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Multiple单是比较复杂的，在仓储作业领域，需要对其进行再次分类来处理；对于multiple单，我们一般分为大单和小单，大单一般由仓库运营定义一个值，比如商品数量超过N件的称之为大单，小于N件的称之为小单；对于仓库的作业商品，我们会分为大件（b）和小件(s)，一般重量体积超过一定范围的，称之为大件，反之则称之为小件。一般来说，大单会单独进行拣货作业，小单需要采用BatchPick拣货。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/6e/6e227484dc278e9d20f6b5dfa955bc68.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BatchPick","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BatchPick，也叫批次拣货，即通过跑波次，将订单分为一批一批，每个批次进行单据拣货，但是有的仓库面积比较大，一般大的仓库都采用分区拣货+集货分拣的方式来作业。流程图如下：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a6/a612a37329934960eef13cf101256421.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上图中，跑一个波次，从订单池中捞取了112个订单。按照仓库固定的批次订单数量（40）生产了3个拣货批次。第一个批次的商品，跨了3个拣货区，所以生产了3个拣货单，第二个批次的商品跨了2个拣货区，所以产生了2个拣货单，第三个批次只剩下32个订单，这32个订单的商品都在F这个拣货区中，所以只需要创建一个拣货单。每个拣货单分别进行拣货，对同一个批次的拣货单拣下来的商品需要在集货库位上进行集货，在一个批次货物集齐后，还需要采用手动或者自动化设备来进行分拣。最终形成一个一个待防伪复检的订单。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"组批","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于Multiple单，如何从一个波次中组出合适的批次，就涉及到组批算法了，这里采用一个模型进行举例说明：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b1/b1ad63cc3a57eec703b92f88ec4b1378.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们将模型简化一下，上图是一个简化的仓库平面图， 每一种颜色的区域为一个拣货区，A1、A2、A3表示A订单的三件商品，可以看到A订单的商品在上面三个拣货区中，B订单的三件商品在下面三个拣货区中， C订单的三件商品在第一和第二个拣货区中，以此类推，有D订单，E订单，F订单。 上面可以看到有6个订单，共18件商品，总共分布在6个拣货区中。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由于一个拣货区面积很大，我们规定每个拣货员都只负责一个拣货区。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拣货员拣完一个批次就关箱。再去拣下一个批次。","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"假设这6个订单是一个波次，并且假设每个批次最多3个订单，所以我们需要将这个波次的6个订单分为2个批次。如何分配这两个批次就是我们今天要讨论的问题。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一种方案，A，B，C为一个批次（批次1），D，E，F为另一个批次（批次2）。","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":1,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那么批次1就会跨6个拣货区，批次2会跨6个拣货区，总的跨区数就是12.","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":1,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这种方式总共需要12个拣货箱。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":2},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二种方案：A，C、D为一个批次（批次1）， B，E，F为另一个批次（批次2）。","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":1,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那么批次1就会跨3个拣货区，批次2会跨3个拣货区，总的跨区数是6。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":1,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这种方式总共需要6个拣货箱。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明显是第二种方案更优,原因是：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用较少的拣货箱","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对每个拣货区的人来说，虽然拣商品的数量一样，但是拣的批次更少，也就是不需要频繁的换箱，也可以说是拣货密度更高。","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拣货路径","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"物流仓储中最能提高拣货效率的方式是什么？优化拣货路径一定是那几大要素中最被频繁提出来的。什么是拣货路径呢？最直观的翻译就是指拣货员在拣选作业时的行走路径。如果从业务角度理解，就是指拣货人员从领取任务开始到结束时所行走的路程。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如下是我们仓库货架的3D模型：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b2/b27a2c865e12c96e767484823fa4d902.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由此可见，优化拣货路径也是最能帮助拣货人员减少行走路径并提高作业效率的有效途径之一。随着物流作业体系的不断发展，行业内逐步形成了几种常见的拣货路径方式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/15/15242a99e9eaaf9425bdc2dfd5be4287.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"S型拣货路径*","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/8a/8a15732cd99dbab2d1d88783649ada34.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"U型拣货路径*","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/ba/ba670100bd5dced4730f0e52cbb4f8af.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"Z型拣货路径*","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"结束语","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上述只是简单地介绍了一些拣货方式的基本原理和使用场景，文章中忽略了很多的实现细节，比如如何使用周装箱，如何使用自动化的集货设备，包括货到人的一些设备，拣货任务的指派与领取，短拣的处理等，这些内容将会在后续的文章中提及到。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"文｜阿福德","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"关注得物技术，携手走向技术的云端","attrs":{}}]}]}