中国大学MOOC Android 客户端开发提效之页面信息

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a5/a528383c8708e024bd346de7cb55db3d.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文主要描述了怎么样提高一个客户端开发排查和定位的效率，并且动手写了一个小工具的实践和思考，以及团队中其他合作者能够提高了定位问题效率，验证功能是否准确的效率。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"作者","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"/马杰 中国大学 MOCC 团队","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"编辑","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"/刘振宇","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、前言","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中国大学 MOOC 是由网易与高教社携手推出的在线教育平台，承接教育部国家精品开放课程任务，向大众提供中国知名高校的 MOOC 课程。目前，无论是课程数量、质量还是社会影响力，中国大学 MOOC 都已成为全球领先的中文慕课平台。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在日常的 Android 开发中，我们经常会遇到以下的一些问题：测试、运营、产品同学跑过来说这个页面出了问题，赶紧看下。这时候客户端开发同学就需要赶紧定位到具体的某个页面。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据观察，大部分的情况下对于一个突发页面的问题定位，或者业务方想让开发者确认这个页面的业务逻辑的时候，客户端开发者，往往需要花费比较长的时间去给业务方答复。如果近期业务可能还能记得，但是客户端的页面比较多，想要快速定位到具体业务页面，那么就需要花更多的时间去找相关的页面。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以本文的想法是怎么","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#F5222D","name":"red"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"快速的找到对应的页面","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，帮助开发","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#F5222D","name":"red"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"快速的进入业务代码","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，快速的回复业务方提出的问题。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、方案实施","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在探讨方案的时候，我们需要对比目前有哪些方案，对比之后再选择一种更加有效的方法。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.1 解决问题的常用方式","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Android 开发中解决上述提供的问题，常用的有以下 3 种方式：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"打开 Android studio，靠着源码记忆，文案记忆去搜索;","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 adb 命令来过滤当前的 activity;","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"cpp"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"// windows\nadb shell dumpsys window windows | Select-String -Pattern 'mCurrentFocus|mFocusedApp|mLastOpeningApp|mObscuringWindow'\n \n// Mac\nadb shell dumpsys window windows | grep -E 'mCurrentFocus|mFocusedApp|mLastOpeningApp'","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全局搜索关键文案。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上面 3 种方式是能够解决问题，但从","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#F5222D","name":"red"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"时间效率","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"上分析，可以估算一下每一种方式大概需要多长时间：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"第一种","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，按照个人经验，熟悉项目代码的同学最快也要几十秒左右，慢的话 10 几分钟；","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"第二种","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，使用 adb 能够几秒就定位到页面，但是需要记住命令，或者提前设置命令快捷方式；","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"第三种","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，如果有很多相同文案，需要多搜索几遍，时间也可能是10几秒到1分钟不等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所有上面几种方式得出的时间效率就是几秒到几分钟不等，而且基本都是需要代码或者 adb 的开发工具，依赖于开发环境。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"既然需要花的时间也不少，那么是不是应该做一个工具来提升更快的定位速度，提升定位效率呢？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.2 更加高效的方法","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其实思路很简单，就是写一个开发的SDK，用来实时关注当前的页面信息。这个页面信息主要包含如下的信息：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当前 Activity 是哪个？","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当前的 Fragment 是哪个？","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当前页面的参数传递，如：intent 中的各种参数是什么？","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#F5222D","name":"red"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"效果图如下：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/7a/7a3b85ab3e7e23bc4f10cd674b9e88f7.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从上面信息就能够很快的定位到当前的页面，当一个页面的深度到非常深的时候，这样的小工具就特别好用：","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"最快速度只要几秒","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"就能快速定位到页面，效率提升","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"快几十倍不止","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。而且能够当着测试和产品的面，能够把当前关键的参数给他看，如：xxxId、 埋点信息等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.3 主要实现原理","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上面的小工具，主要的工作是","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#F5222D","name":"red"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"获得当前的Activity","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。获得当前Activity的方式主要有以下几种方式：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通过 RunningTaskInfo的 topActivity。该方法在后续的一些版本已经被禁用；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"手写代码管理Activity。这个方法比较粗暴，维护比较麻烦；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通过反射 ActivityThread获得 currentActivityThread 从 mActivities 中查询获得；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用AccessibilityService 这个辅助功能，这个方法获得信息比较少；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":5,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通过 ActivityLifecycleCallback 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activity;\n}","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"是不是很简单？为了避免内存泄漏，可以在 onDestroy 的时候把 topActivity 设置成 null。这种方式","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"简单快速","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，不需要申请权限。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.3.2 AccessibilityService 方式","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"继承 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getPackageManager().getActivityInfo(componentName, 0);\n } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {\n return null;\n }\n }","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"manifest 配置","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"cpp"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\n \n \n \n \n ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"需要 res/xm/accessibilityservice.xml 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必须要集成到自己的 app 中。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"实践过程","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"中，其实我们不只是想获得当前的 Activity ，我们还想知道当前的 Activity 中有哪些当前的 fragment，当前的 Activity 从上一个 Activity 中获得了哪些参数，当前的fragment 中有哪些参数等细节信息，那么只能集成到 app 中去的时候才会比较容易获得，所以最后选择了使用 ActivityLifecycleCallback 的方式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.3.4 页面更详细的信息","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一般页面上的信息开发，简单一点的就是一个 Activity 然后简单布局，复杂一点的基本都是 Activity + (ViewPager)Adatper + fragment，有时候 fragment 里面还会有 ViewPager 装载着 fragment, 对于不熟悉代码的人找对应的业务逻辑页面和代码，还是需要花费不少时间的。所以页面信息 fragment 也很重要。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"cpp"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\ntopActivity.getIntent().getExtras();// 获得 activity 的页面参数\ntopActivity.getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments(); // 获得 activity 一级中的 fragments\nfragment.getChildFragmentManager().getFragments();// 对应 fragment 中的 fragments\nfragment.getArguments() // 获得 fragment的页面参数","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三、 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