快手于冰：咱客户端工程师，还可以往哪个方向纵深？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1、2019 年，于冰在一次演讲中提出了这样一个观点——5G 很可能不是革命，反而更像是一种催化剂，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在 5G 的加持下，视频会像空气和水一样无处不在。"},{"type":"text","text":" 这句话得从两个角度理解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、从用户需求来看，图文到视频的升级是必然趋势。作为一种多媒体的载体，视频内容的信息量、丰富程度、可观看性和可消费性都是非常大的，给用户带来了全方位的沉浸感体验。再加上推荐算法的赋能，视频显然是一种体验更好的内容消费形式，如今的短视频大潮也印证了这一点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3、从基础设施的进步来看，整个网络基础设施和移动端体验都在持续提升。包括千兆固网接入和 5G 的普及，移动端生产侧的拍摄制作能力、消费侧的清晰度和屏幕大小持续提升，这些与用户需求的转变是相辅相成的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4、所以，无论通过平台海量数据，还是行业发展趋势都可以说明“视频会像空气和水一样无处不在”这个观点已经得到了验证，而这个趋势还将继续加速。不信的话，你看看头部互联网公司是不是都在玩视频、玩直播。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"5、5G 加快落地，音视频产品越来越丰富，作为快手移动端和音视频技术负责人，于冰总结了他看到的移动开发新趋势。大概有以下几个方面："}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"更多的业务场景"},{"type":"text","text":"：社交、电商、教育、办公……短视频生产、短视频消费、直播、RTC 场景明显增多。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"更深的技术栈"},{"type":"text","text":"：在 5G+AI 时代，随着带宽的提升，音视频成为主要内容载体，AI 带来了更多可能性。移动端需要对内容创作和消费体验做出更好的支持，会涉及到多种技术栈，比如网络、缓存、AI 推理引擎、图形引擎、底层编译器、OS 级别的优化等，再加上移动硬件设备的持续升级，移动端 NPU 和高色域高帧率屏幕的逐步普及，会带来技术百花齐放的局面。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"更大的基础资源压力"},{"type":"text","text":"：假设要在移动端播放一个 60fps\/1080p 的视频，它每秒钟会加载 60 张图，这个数据量是非常庞大的，而这些图还要被高速处理，对硬件和 GPU 的渲染能力都有更高的要求。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"更高的算法复杂度"},{"type":"text","text":"：除了交互能力，很多在过去只能在 PC 端才能做到的内容生产制作的能力，比如视频采集 \/ 剪辑、AI 特效等等，如今在移动端也能实现。“端智能 + 端云一体”趋势越加明显。由于用户的机型不同，既要保证能为高端机提供更好的效果，又要保证低端机的体验流畅，需要可伸缩的能力，这让生产侧 AI 和音视频处理的算法复杂度进一步提升。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"更快的迭代速度"},{"type":"text","text":"：行业竞争激烈，业务需要快速迭代部署上线，这推动着移动原生开发和前端开发加速融合，向着大前端演进。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6、 除了以上几点，还有一个趋势是，随着国内流量红利见顶，越来越多的企业开始布局海外，快手也不例外。他们的主要战场在东南亚和南美，这些地方都有一个统一特征——机型更低端，网络情况更复杂、基础设施更落后，自然，移动开发面临的挑战也更大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7、快手不只是一个用来看视频的简单 App，它更是一个既有广度又有深度的超级 App，业务非常复杂。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"8、从技术的广度来说，为应对这些变化，快手移动端的技术栈覆盖数据、动态化引擎、网络、图像、音视频、传输、渲染引擎等等。举个例子，这里面单是“网络”这一项涵盖的范围就特别广：API、视频和图片的分发和下载、域名解析、缓存（预加载策略）、视频上传等等，如果从全局看，广度可想而知。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"9、再从技术的深度来说，快手需要做到非常极致的性能优化和稳定性。比如，快手的视频压缩算法要用汇编来加速，视频的解码需要适配硬件的能力，AI 推理引擎的加速也需要深耕。再比如，特效的渲染、AI 的推理都需要很高的算力，在做端智能的时候，还需要在双端（iOS 和安卓）流畅运行，这就要深入到操作系统的内核去研究。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"10、快手的移动端都有哪些特点或者挑战呢？挑战就是机遇，从这个视角看，你也能想清楚未来行业的横向和纵向发展趋势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"11、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一是上层业务复杂，大广场小生态。"},{"type":"text","text":" 快手不仅涵盖了短视频的生产消费，还有直播（电商、教育、游戏）、小程序、长视频、社交等业务，是用户心智非常丰富的产品。所以为了承接各种各样的业务形态，快手通过业务分层，为每一层都适配了不同的动态化技术。核心业务短视频、直播等业务，会倾向于用 Native 方案来做；拓展业务，比如电商、运营等，会用动态化的方式来做；再往上一层的生态业务，快手倾向于用小程序为用户提供更全面的服务。这种不同的动态化方式可以让快手核心安装包比较小，业务生态拓展、业务的迭代速度也会非常快。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"12、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二是下层音视频和 AI 对性能、双端适配等都要求很高。"},{"type":"text","text":" 快手是一个以音视频生产和消费为核心，以 AI 能力为辅助的 APP，底层对双端适配的要求非常高。所以快手在上层用动态化技术实现业务的快速迭代，但在底层主要用的还主要是 C++，甚至会用汇编去写。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"13、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三是需要高效迭代。"},{"type":"text","text":" 复杂和海量业务下，快手需要保证每周发版频率，甚至在一些重大活动时，要做到随时发版。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"14、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四是架构精益求精。"},{"type":"text","text":" 快手有三亿日活，用户使用时长也很高，对崩溃率的容忍度很低，团队就要有能力支持大规模的团队并行开发，所以要做解耦和隔离，做模块化、组件化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"15、在刚刚结束的 GMTC 上，于冰有分享快手的移动端技术全景图，从这图里，你也能看到些许的方向和趋势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/cb\/f8\/cb19408919926370ee94ec65efaec2f8.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"16、7月14日（周三）晚上8点，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"我会在视频号连麦于冰老师，没有广告，没有鸡汤"},{"type":"text","text":"，咱们实实在在，就聊聊客户端，聊聊技术趋势，聊聊选择和努力。如果你感兴趣的话，可以预约。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a9\/93\/a9583fd7114ee46389056cd22b052c93.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}