揭秘百度微服务监控：百度游戏服务监控的演进

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"导读：臣闻防患于未然者易，除患于已然者难 —— 明·马文升《添风宪以抚流民疏》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作为一个程序员，是否有留意到每逢节假日在各大景区时有程序员打开电脑紧急处理线上问题？如果线上出现大量的报警，这时我们该如何判断是自身服务问题还是依赖服务问题？午夜线上重大问题出现，如何能够唤醒相关人员快速响应？相信这些问题对于很多同学都不陌生，监控的重要性不言而喻，那如何打造一个完善的监控系统，协助程序员发现并高效定位问题？本文将介绍百度游戏微服务监控实践，基于百度完善的监控基础实施，我们打造了较为完善的监控系统，下面我们向大家介绍我们的实践历程。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"全文4583字，预计阅读时间 9分钟。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、背景","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随着业务的快速发展，游戏服务端研发同学平均每人要维护2~3个微服务，后续业务场景增多可能会引入更多微服务，如何高效的获悉整个微服务系统的运行状态，业务异常时如何快速发现问题并解除故障，游戏服务端研发同学在监控实践上做了很多工作尝试。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"初期的监控基于公司的Argus监控（日志服务器相关监控）、Monitor监控平台（业务监控）、Sia监控（可视化监控）等覆盖了一些基础的监控，但是由于缺乏体系、缺少和业务的结合，整体的效果并不理想，不少问题依然是客服和产品同学反馈，同时在跟进问题过程中研发最为头疼的一个点是在问题定位上往往要花很长的时间，这个对业务造成了一定的负面影响。在这种情况下我们系统化的梳理了面临的问题并体系化的设计和优化完善了监控系统，并着重针对问题定位做了和业务的深度结合，大大提升了问题的定位效率。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面将就我们监控系统的建设过程整体介绍，希望对读者有所帮助。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、微服务监控初探","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"监控建设初期我们主要是基于百度的监控基础设施添加各种监控，但是由于缺乏体系效果并不理想。尽管初探阶段我们监控能力不够完善且能力较弱，但这些分散的监控措施也帮助研发同学发现了不少系统问题，为后续的体系化和多维度组合监控打下了基础。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.1、日志和服务器监控","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利用百度Argus监控平台，实现对机器状态和业务日志的监控，游戏微服务借助机器及日志监控能力对线上服务进行了监控的覆盖。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们初期对Argus监控的应用偏单维化，结合业务场景的深度不够，诸如某个问题某些实例的监测阈值及多维度报警能力初期并没有考虑设计，下面是对于百度Argus监控的能力和流程介绍：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"                        ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/61/6189711348a74cef6ce17b3b347a6d8b.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"argus整体数据流如下，可以支持电话、SMS、短信及百度如流报警","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"            ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/5c/5c7efd86c87373a304f07cd0b309838a.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"日志相关监控业界有大家熟悉的ELK Stack 方案（Elasticseach + Logstash + Kibana），使用Beats（可选）在每台服务器上安装后，作为日志客户端收集器，然后通过Logstash进行统一的日志收集、解析、过滤等处理，再将数据发送给Elasticsearch中进行存储分析，最后使用Kibana来进行数据的展示。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.2、服务轮询监控","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利用百度monitor监控平台，对于核心的接口采用定时轮询检测的机制来辅助监控线上服务质量，monitor平台支持可视化配置，但是需要针对每个场景做定制化配置，随着业务快速的迭代，这种监控添加的效率和易用性已不能满足业务的需求。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"                ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/45/453170ba12506daf88fc9910187623b4.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.3、服务可视化监控","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利用公司SIA智能监控系统，实现了服务流量、可用性、性能等指标的监控可视化，可以辅助业务研发可视化的观察服务线上状态并基于线上异常状态报警。但是业务对于SIA智能监控能力并没有充分使用，导致可视化的辅助作用有限，智能能力没有体现。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/37/372212894eab24bb92ec13842df5435a.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"图3 监控可视化","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于业界的可视化监控工具，有诸如Kibana、Grafana等，相关的能力都已很完善，基本可以满足业务的各种展现需求，大家可以参考了解。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三、微服务监控演进","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如上面所阐述的，监控初探阶段的监控措施虽然可以辅助研发发现和定位一些问题，但是还是存在诸多问题，主要是如下四个方面：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"风险暴露滞后，大多报警发生时已造成影响；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"监控缺乏统一规划，相关监控项混乱且覆盖极不完整；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"监控能力弱，无法提供有效异常信息；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"报警混乱，研发被报警信息轰炸；","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从整体监系统建设成本和收益来看，我们不会将过去的监控全部推翻，而是基于在现有基础监控的能力上加以完善。首先我们以系统化的视角对于监控系统做全面设计，然后基于设计强化监控系统各个部分的能力。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1、监控系统化设计","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目标：有效预防、及时发现、快速止损；","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"落地：基于系统化的设计目标，做了如下的落地思路拆解。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"                                   ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/57/576218bac056acbf5fc650eadb65c8cc.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"实现上从风险控制、智能监控、智能报警、高效定位四个方面来设计微服务系统的监控系统化工作，整体流程如下：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/d4/d4f6f33c3d4943731c5b697362e37133.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面从风险控制、智能监控、智能报警和高效定位四个方面逐一介绍。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1.1风险控制设计","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"线上问题发现的时机越早越好，由于研发同学水平客观上存在差异，且通过cooder review无法有效规避上线问题的发生，所以游戏业务研发在自动化case和发布环节做了较多的工作，以减少问题的发生。下面是研发做的主要风险控制项，通过这些风险控制项的落地，目前已经可以减少95%以上的上线中问题。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"            ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/63/6374935326cc1e9984134eb5cae2a674.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1.2智能监控设计","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"游戏业务初期的监控，是分散的监控添加：日志监控使用argus，可视化的监控实验SIA智能监控平台，监控的覆盖和监控系统之间的协同效果并没有做全局考虑，这样就暴露出一些问题，如：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"问题1：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"按照监控对象划分的监控，是在单一维度上做到有效覆盖，但是系统全局波动异常如何探测？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"问题2：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"某个实例因为网络或机器磁盘偶发故障导致pvlost突增，如何高效的获得信息？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"问题3：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"系统可用性波动，是某个机房的问题，还是特定接口的问题，或是访问下游的异常？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）智能异常检测","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利用SIA系统的智能异常检测算法，将耗时、流量、SLA指标、收入等指标纳入到监控体系，可以高效探测到系统的周期/非周期波动异常，下面简单介绍下主要的算法。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"                                 ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/cb/cbf4c08cba3c031a153ee23bcb032407.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通过将上述指标同游戏业务的流量、耗时、收入等指标的结合，在系统周期性或非周期性的波动时，即使是较为缓慢的下降也可以通过这些周期性检测工具有效检测，大大提高异常检测覆盖度。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）全场景监控覆盖","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们从4个象限覆盖监控，做到问题暴露无死角，同时针对诸如服务维度的监控，还细化了多维度的筛选能力，力求从宏观视角便于发现问题的同时也做到在微观世界能够辅助高效定位问题。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"                                              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