棄用高通，谷歌放出“大招”，今年將推出首款自研手機芯片

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自己動手，豐衣足食。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌將推出首款自研芯片"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國時間8月2日，谷歌宣佈，公司將在定於今年秋季發佈的新款旗艦機 Pixel 6 和 Pixel 6 Pro手機上搭載其自研的智能手機芯片處理器 — Google Tensor。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這款新芯片的命名頗有寓意，是爲了向谷歌爲雲計算打造的處理器“TPU”致敬。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這是谷歌自主研發的第一款系統級芯片，歷時四年時間打造而成。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Google Tensor的推出還意味着，谷歌將放棄合作十多年的高通，走上自研芯片的道路。谷歌Pixel系列產品此前運用的一直是高通研發的芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌推出自研芯片，一個關鍵目的在於爲了擺脫第三方供應商的依賴，強化自主創新，避免受制於人，此外，採用自研芯片也能降低成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"受該消息影響，高通的股價當日午盤後小幅下跌。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得注意的是，谷歌棄用高通芯片，推出Google Tensor，並不是全面和高通終止合作。谷歌還會繼續在現有和未來基於驍龍平臺的產品上與高通密切合作，會繼續使用高通高性能、低功耗的ARM芯片架構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，Tensor將採用基於Arm的架構，Arm因爲功耗低而廣泛被行業使用在手機、平板電腦和筆記本電腦上。谷歌表示，Tensor是一款完整的系統級芯片 (SoC)，能夠顯著改進手機上的照片和視頻處理、翻譯等功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除CPU、GPU和圖像信號處理器外，Tensor還包括一個運行人工智能應用程序的專用處理器，這將允許手機在設備自身上處理更多信息，而不用將數據發送到雲端。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌沒有透露誰將爲其生產Tensor芯片。據日經亞洲報道，三星將使用其先進的5納米工藝技術爲谷歌代工生產。報道稱，很少有公司有能力來完成爲智能手機制造大型的芯片組訂單。韓國三星電子是少數有能力這樣做的公司之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自2016年推出首款Pixel手機以來，谷歌Pixel手機在智能手機市場上一直不溫不火，常年被歸爲“others”類別。此次，新款手機將搭載Tensor推出搭載自研芯片，也說明，谷歌在智能手機業務上意圖加大發力，通過自研芯片提高 Pixel 系列的競爭力和創新力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌設備和服務高級副總裁Rick Osterloh在接受CNBC採訪時表示，“Pixel的問題在於，現有技術解決方案一直有一定的侷限性，很難將我們團隊最先進的研究成果在手機上使用，真的需要改變，我們可以通過機器學習和人工智能在手機上做的事情。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rick Osterloh表示，新芯片將幫助谷歌的手機拍攝更好的照片和視頻，“我們構建的是移動AI計算機”。Rick Osterloh透露，谷歌還將生產更多旗艦機的手機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但有這款新芯片的加持，能否助推Pixel扭轉乾坤，還需要時間來證明。CNBC對此評論道，儘管谷歌宣傳的新芯片功能很強大，但這可能不足以讓人們放棄購買iPhone、三星Galaxy等手機而去購買Pixel。因此谷歌真正需要解決的問題是首先讓人們願意購買Pixel。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"手機廠商紛紛走上自研之路"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"越來越多的手機廠商開始走上自研之路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在谷歌之前，蘋果已先一步推出自研芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在去年11月的蘋果“One more thing”發佈會上，蘋果首次揭開了自研 5nm 製程芯片的神祕面紗。5nm M1 芯片搭載在蘋果新一代基於"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/J4IIgQuqJ10lz7awk7FI","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Arm"}]},{"type":"text","text":"的 Mac 系列產品上，其強大的續航能力也在上市後受到了用戶的好評。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"M1 芯片推出前，英特爾幾乎壟斷了蘋果筆記本電腦的 CPU。但在去年"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MjM5MDE0Mjc4MA==&mid=2651032330&idx=5&sn=d9cbaceb001e846148ae47d1da6bc854&chksm=bdbe73598ac9fa4fa72dfd301fdcde44e2dd5c6ed718c92f2c1cb27c242c669938823c239c60&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6月的WWDC大會上"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，蘋果宣佈想要部分放棄英特爾公司的 CPU，改用自己設計的 Arm 芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三星是在自研手機芯片道路上中走得較長遠的，性能也實力強勁。三星的自研的手機芯片— Exynos在性能上能與高通、蘋果A系列、華爲的麒麟系列相媲美。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國內手機廠商中，華爲、小米、vivo、OPPO等都站在了自研芯片的行列。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近幾年，受美國製裁影響，華爲的麒麟高端芯片在生產上遭受打擊。去年，餘承東曾表示，由於美國製裁，華爲的麒麟高端芯片在（2020年） 9 月 15 日之後無法制造，將成爲絕唱。 “很遺憾在半導體制造方面，（華爲）只是做了芯片的設計，沒搞芯片的製造。”他表示，Mate 40 可能是華爲最後一代搭載自研芯片的高端手機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年3月，沉寂許久的小米造芯計劃，終於有了新動靜。在小米春季新品發佈會上，小米正式發佈了自研的圖像處理芯片— 澎湃 C1。這是小米首款專業影像芯片。該款芯片已經應用在此次小米發佈的新品手機 — 小米 MIX FOLD 上，預計後面還會有更多手機用上這款芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"繼小米推出自研澎湃 C1ISP芯片之後，國內另外兩家一線手機廠商 OPPO 和 vivo 也即將發佈自研 ISP 芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，據騰訊深網報道，一位 OPPO 內部人士稱，OPPO 自研芯片項目一直在推進，目前團隊已經有大概上千人，首款產品是和小米澎湃 C1 類似的 ISP 芯片，將在明年年初上市的 Find X4 系列手機上首發。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 的造芯計劃在 2020 年 2 月被大衆所知悉，當時 OPPO 在一篇內部文章中提出了對標芯片研發的馬里亞納計劃。“做芯片，我們實乃不得已而爲之。不管是出於 OPPO 自身的差異化需求，出於用戶對全場景科技體驗的需求，還是出於手機‘軟硬服’一體化的需求，即便是像高通、谷歌這麼優秀的合作伙伴，都很難在現階段支持我們的夢想。” OPPO 在內部文章中如此解釋造芯的原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7月19日，有媒體報道稱，vivo首款自研芯片即將推出，內部代號爲“悅影”。去年5月，網上曾曝出vivo申請了2款芯片商標：“vivo SOC”和“vivo chip”。但當時vivo否認在自研芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了應對智能手機市場的差異化競爭，以及減輕對傳統廠商的依賴外，當下正在全球範圍內蔓延的缺芯浪潮也是手機廠商們開始佈局自研芯片的一個動因。而且，根據業界的評判，缺芯將是長期性的問題。在這樣的背景下，手機廠商們佈局自研芯片，也不失爲一種緩解“缺芯”之痛的解決方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/57asBCrBGEB1ebhfgcdb "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/sCepIyQPh2172Trx0oi5"}]}]}