Reddit 邁出上市第一步，曾因“散戶圍攻華爾街”大出風頭

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"當地時間 12 月 15 日，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Reddit"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":" 表示其已經向美國證券交易委員會 (SEC) 提交了首次公開募股的註冊通知草案。Reddit "},{"type":"text","text":"沒有公開該文件，也沒有披露擬發售的股票數量"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"以及股票"},{"type":"text","text":"的價格範圍。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#3f3f42","name":"user"}}],"text":"8 月，該公司表示已籌集了 7 億美元（5.28 億英鎊）的新資金，估值超過 100 億美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國散戶大本營，曾讓金融界大喫一驚"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#404040","name":"user"}}],"text":"2005 年，蒂夫·霍夫曼（Steve Huffman）和亞歷克西斯·奧哈尼安（Alexis Ohanian）等共同創立了 Reddit，其定位爲社交性社區，類似於百度貼吧，由用戶產出和分享內容。"},{"type":"text","text":"他們的創業想法獲得了美國知名創業孵化器 Y Combinator 的天使投資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一年後 Reddit 被康泰納仕出版集團收購，這個集團旗下擁有《GQ》、《紐約客》等諸多知名雜誌。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"2011年 Reddit 成爲一家獨立運作的公司，並開啓了融資之路。此後他們獲得過紅杉資本、 Coatue Management 等機構的多輪融資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"2019 年 2 月，騰訊領投了 Reddit 的 D 輪 2 億美元融資，當時這家公司的估值達到 30 億美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"2021年 Reddit 分別在 2月8日 獲得 2.5 億美元的E輪融資，2月24日獲得1.16億美元的 E+ 輪融資，8月13日獲得富達投資領投的7億美元F輪融資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前，Reddit 是美國第五大網站，流量僅次於 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/?hl=zh_CN","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Google"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"、"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"YouTube"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"、"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Facebook"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":" 以及Amazon，月活用戶數達3.3億。而其龐大的網民數量，曾令其讓金融界大喫一驚。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"1月20日，做空機構香櫞公開看空連鎖遊戲零售商 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.gamestop.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GameStop"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"，判斷其股價會回落至 20 美元，當時，GameStop 收盤價是 39.36 美元每股。作爲迴應，遊戲玩家雲集 Reddit 社區Wallstreetbets 論壇中的水友們開始呼籲抱團反擊，掀起了一場史詩級別的逼空。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"1月22日，GameStop 股價一度飆升78%，多次熔斷之後收盤報價 65.01 美元\/股；1月25日，GameStop 盤中一度暴漲144.53%，股價最高達159.18美元，1月26日，開盤股價報 89.48 美元，漲幅達16.23%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"這場戰役直接導致香櫞官方宣佈認慫，上演了一場散戶暴打莊家的戲碼，也讓華爾街意識到Reddit 社區網民的影響不容忽視。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"據悉，這次 Reddit 即將上市的消息一出，該網站的網民已經在 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/wallstreetbets","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"WallStreetBets 論壇"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"上做出了反應，並且評論兩極分化嚴重，很多網友表示，股票上市標誌着自由文化的終結，Reddit 再也不會和以前一樣了；但也有網友表示看到了更多樂趣和潛在利潤的機會。而這次，散戶是否會像之前擡高 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"GameStop 股票一樣擡高 "},{"type":"text","text":"Reddit 股票？當然，也不是沒有這種可能性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Reddit 搜索模塊發展史"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"作爲美國第五大網站，Reddit 技術如何？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Reddit 最初是使用 Common Lisp 編寫，後來在 2005 年12 月爲了使用更多的庫以及擁有更大的開發靈活度，改用 Python 重新編寫。2008年6月18日，Reddit 本身成爲一個開源項目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2017年 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4a4a4a","name":"user"}}],"text":"Reddit 的 CTO Chris Slowe、工程副總裁 Nick Caldwell 和工程總監 Luis Bitencourt-Emilio 在 Reddit 網站上披露了 Reddit 搜索模塊的發展史："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"他表示，做好搜索不是件輕而易舉的事情，在過去的 12 年中，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4a4a4a","name":"user"}}],"text":"Reddit "},{"type":"text","text":"的搜索架構經歷了 6 次技術棧演化："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2005 年，聯合創始人 Steve Huffman 使用 PostgresSQL 的 tsearch2。不過它的缺點是不夠靈活，工程師們發現其中的少部分搜索會影響到其他大部分的查詢操作。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2007 年，工程元老（現在的 CTO）Chris Slowe 使用 PyLucene 重新實現了搜索模塊。這一版本相對靈活，但伸縮性比較差。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2008 年，Reddit 的三號員工（現在是搜索工程師）David King 使用 Solr 重新實現了搜索模塊。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2010 年，David 使用 IndexTank 代替了 Solr。隨着網站流量一直在增長，Reddit 工程師們不斷添加 Postgre 數據庫作爲讀副本，添加緩存，還用上了早期版本的 Cassandra ，但是搜索體驗仍然很糟糕。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2012 年，Keith Mitchell 開始使用 CloudSearch。後來又從舊的 AWS CloudSearch 遷移到新的 CloudSearch 上，但仍然存在性能問題。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"截止 2017 年，Reddit 使用了 Lucidworks 的 Fusion，來確保搜索模塊能夠滿足三個方面的要求：快速、伸縮性和相關性。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"相關延伸閱讀："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/2017\/09\/history-Reddit-search-module","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/2017\/09\/history-Reddit-search-module"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2021\/12\/15\/reddit-ipo\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2021\/12\/15\/reddit-ipo\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/finance.sina.com.cn\/stock\/usstock\/c\/2021-12-16\/doc-ikyamrmy9340458.shtml","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/finance.sina.com.cn\/stock\/usstock\/c\/2021-12-16\/doc-ikyamrmy9340458.shtml"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]}]}