弃用高通，谷歌放出“大招”，今年将推出首款自研手机芯片

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自己动手，丰衣足食。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌将推出首款自研芯片"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国时间8月2日，谷歌宣布，公司将在定于今年秋季发布的新款旗舰机 Pixel 6 和 Pixel 6 Pro手机上搭载其自研的智能手机芯片处理器 — Google Tensor。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这款新芯片的命名颇有寓意，是为了向谷歌为云计算打造的处理器“TPU”致敬。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这是谷歌自主研发的第一款系统级芯片，历时四年时间打造而成。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Google Tensor的推出还意味着，谷歌将放弃合作十多年的高通，走上自研芯片的道路。谷歌Pixel系列产品此前运用的一直是高通研发的芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌推出自研芯片，一个关键目的在于为了摆脱第三方供应商的依赖，强化自主创新，避免受制于人，此外，采用自研芯片也能降低成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"受该消息影响，高通的股价当日午盘后小幅下跌。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得注意的是，谷歌弃用高通芯片，推出Google Tensor，并不是全面和高通终止合作。谷歌还会继续在现有和未来基于骁龙平台的产品上与高通密切合作，会继续使用高通高性能、低功耗的ARM芯片架构。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据悉，Tensor将采用基于Arm的架构，Arm因为功耗低而广泛被行业使用在手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑上。谷歌表示，Tensor是一款完整的系统级芯片 (SoC)，能够显著改进手机上的照片和视频处理、翻译等功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除CPU、GPU和图像信号处理器外，Tensor还包括一个运行人工智能应用程序的专用处理器，这将允许手机在设备自身上处理更多信息，而不用将数据发送到云端。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌没有透露谁将为其生产Tensor芯片。据日经亚洲报道，三星将使用其先进的5纳米工艺技术为谷歌代工生产。报道称，很少有公司有能力来完成为智能手机制造大型的芯片组订单。韩国三星电子是少数有能力这样做的公司之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自2016年推出首款Pixel手机以来，谷歌Pixel手机在智能手机市场上一直不温不火，常年被归为“others”类别。此次，新款手机将搭载Tensor推出搭载自研芯片，也说明，谷歌在智能手机业务上意图加大发力，通过自研芯片提高 Pixel 系列的竞争力和创新力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌设备和服务高级副总裁Rick Osterloh在接受CNBC采访时表示，“Pixel的问题在于，现有技术解决方案一直有一定的局限性，很难将我们团队最先进的研究成果在手机上使用，真的需要改变，我们可以通过机器学习和人工智能在手机上做的事情。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rick Osterloh表示，新芯片将帮助谷歌的手机拍摄更好的照片和视频，“我们构建的是移动AI计算机”。Rick Osterloh透露，谷歌还将生产更多旗舰机的手机。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但有这款新芯片的加持，能否助推Pixel扭转乾坤，还需要时间来证明。CNBC对此评论道，尽管谷歌宣传的新芯片功能很强大，但这可能不足以让人们放弃购买iPhone、三星Galaxy等手机而去购买Pixel。因此谷歌真正需要解决的问题是首先让人们愿意购买Pixel。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"手机厂商纷纷走上自研之路"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"越来越多的手机厂商开始走上自研之路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在谷歌之前，苹果已先一步推出自研芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在去年11月的苹果“One more thing”发布会上，苹果首次揭开了自研 5nm 制程芯片的神秘面纱。5nm M1 芯片搭载在苹果新一代基于"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/J4IIgQuqJ10lz7awk7FI","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Arm"}]},{"type":"text","text":"的 Mac 系列产品上，其强大的续航能力也在上市后受到了用户的好评。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"M1 芯片推出前，英特尔几乎垄断了苹果笔记本电脑的 CPU。但在去年"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MjM5MDE0Mjc4MA==&mid=2651032330&idx=5&sn=d9cbaceb001e846148ae47d1da6bc854&chksm=bdbe73598ac9fa4fa72dfd301fdcde44e2dd5c6ed718c92f2c1cb27c242c669938823c239c60&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6月的WWDC大会上"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，苹果宣布想要部分放弃英特尔公司的 CPU，改用自己设计的 Arm 芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三星是在自研手机芯片道路上中走得较长远的，性能也实力强劲。三星的自研的手机芯片— Exynos在性能上能与高通、苹果A系列、华为的麒麟系列相媲美。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国内手机厂商中，华为、小米、vivo、OPPO等都站在了自研芯片的行列。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近几年，受美国制裁影响，华为的麒麟高端芯片在生产上遭受打击。去年，余承东曾表示，由于美国制裁，华为的麒麟高端芯片在（2020年） 9 月 15 日之后无法制造，将成为绝唱。 “很遗憾在半导体制造方面，（华为）只是做了芯片的设计，没搞芯片的制造。”他表示，Mate 40 可能是华为最后一代搭载自研芯片的高端手机。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年3月，沉寂许久的小米造芯计划，终于有了新动静。在小米春季新品发布会上，小米正式发布了自研的图像处理芯片— 澎湃 C1。这是小米首款专业影像芯片。该款芯片已经应用在此次小米发布的新品手机 — 小米 MIX FOLD 上，预计后面还会有更多手机用上这款芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"继小米推出自研澎湃 C1ISP芯片之后，国内另外两家一线手机厂商 OPPO 和 vivo 也即将发布自研 ISP 芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，据腾讯深网报道，一位 OPPO 内部人士称，OPPO 自研芯片项目一直在推进，目前团队已经有大概上千人，首款产品是和小米澎湃 C1 类似的 ISP 芯片，将在明年年初上市的 Find X4 系列手机上首发。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 的造芯计划在 2020 年 2 月被大众所知悉，当时 OPPO 在一篇内部文章中提出了对标芯片研发的马里亚纳计划。“做芯片，我们实乃不得已而为之。不管是出于 OPPO 自身的差异化需求，出于用户对全场景科技体验的需求，还是出于手机‘软硬服’一体化的需求，即便是像高通、谷歌这么优秀的合作伙伴，都很难在现阶段支持我们的梦想。” OPPO 在内部文章中如此解释造芯的原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7月19日，有媒体报道称，vivo首款自研芯片即将推出，内部代号为“悦影”。去年5月，网上曾曝出vivo申请了2款芯片商标：“vivo SOC”和“vivo chip”。但当时vivo否认在自研芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了应对智能手机市场的差异化竞争，以及减轻对传统厂商的依赖外，当下正在全球范围内蔓延的缺芯浪潮也是手机厂商们开始布局自研芯片的一个动因。而且，根据业界的评判，缺芯将是长期性的问题。在这样的背景下，手机厂商们布局自研芯片，也不失为一种缓解“缺芯”之痛的解决方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/57asBCrBGEB1ebhfgcdb "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/sCepIyQPh2172Trx0oi5"}]}]}