蘋果將對App Store進行7項調整，包括開放第三方支付

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果宣佈已經就美國開發者對其 App Store 提起的集體訴訟達成協議和解，將修改 App Store 的一些規則，允許軟件開發者把蘋果生態之外的其他付款方式告知用戶，這是一樁集體訴訟（Cameron et al v. Apple Inc.）擬定和解方案的內容之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019 年，一羣開發者起訴蘋果公司，指控該公司管理 App Store 的方式違反了反壟斷法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據協議條款，蘋果將允許開發者使用電子郵件等溝通方式，告訴客戶 iOS 應用之外的支付方式，並將擴大開發者可以爲應用、應用內購買和訂閱提供的價格點。蘋果公司還將面向小型開發者設立一隻規模爲 1 億美元的基金，開發者可以根據他們在 App Store 的歷史參與度，申請 250 美元至 3 萬美元的賠償。符合條件的開發者需在 2015 年 6 月 4 日至 2021 年 4 月 26 日期間，每年通過美國應用商店賺取的收入不超過 100 萬美元，而這一數字涵蓋了 99% 的美國開發者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具體而言，蘋果列出了7大關鍵點："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1、蘋果與開發者認可 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/cn\/app-store\/small-business-program\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"App Store 小型企業計劃"}]},{"type":"text","text":"的成功，並同意"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在至少未來三年內保持此計劃"},{"type":"text","text":"現有結構。年收入少於 1 百萬美元的企業將繼續受益於佣金折扣，規模較大的開發者則需就 App 購買和 App 內支付向蘋果支付 App Store 標準佣金。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、應開發者要求，蘋果同意其搜索結果將繼續以下載量、星級評分、文本相關性和用戶行爲信號等客觀特徵爲基礎。此協議將使當前的 App Store 搜索系統"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在至少未來三年內保持現狀"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3、開發者可以使用電子郵件等通信方式與用戶共享 iOS App 之外的支付方式信息。和以往一樣，開發者不需要因發生在他們的 App 或 App Store 之外的任何購買向蘋果支付佣金。相關通信必須得到用戶同意，且確保用戶有權選擇退出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4、蘋果還將把開發者可用於訂閱、App 內購買和付費 App 的價格點數量從少於 100 個擴展到多於 500 個。開發者可以繼續自行設定價格。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"5、蘋果將爲開發者保留以不公對待爲由就未通過審覈 App 申請複議的選項，並同意向"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/cn\/app-store\/review\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" App 審覈網站"}]},{"type":"text","text":"添加內容，幫助開發者理解申訴程序的機制。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6、在過去七年中，蘋果通過 apple.com 提供了大量關於 App Store 的新信息。蘋果同意基於這些數據創建"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"年度透明度報告，以公開 App 審覈機制的詳實數據"},{"type":"text","text":"，包括出於各種原因遭拒的 App 數量、禁用的顧客與開發者賬號數量、涉及搜索請求與結果的客觀數據，以及從 App Store 移除的 App 數量。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7、蘋果還將設立一項基金以協助美國小型開發者，尤其在世界持續遭受新冠疫情影響的背景下。符合資質的開發者須在2015 年 6 月 4 日到 2021 年 4 月 26 日之間，在他們擁有賬戶的每一個自然年裏，在美國商店發佈的所有App獲取的全部收入累計不超過 100 萬美元 —— 這包含 99% 的美國開發者。未來將披露關於此基金的細節信息。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前蘋果針對App store所提出的這些變化，還要等待負責此案件的法官Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers的批准，而這位法官也是蘋果和Epic訴訟案的主理法官。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然新的協議條款確認了7項與開發者息息相關的內容，讓小型開發者作出讓步，但事實上對App Store的運作方式並不會“傷筋動骨”，對“賺大錢”的開發人員來說也是沒什麼影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年年底的 SensorTower 報告也指出，大約 98% 的 App Store 開發者都在年收入不超過 100 萬美元的範圍裏。但需要注意的是，該報告還指出，這些開發者——被蘋果稱之爲 iOS 應用開發者的“絕大多數”——僅佔 App Store 總收入的5%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"也許，只要能安撫這些絕大多數的開發商，解決集體訴訟，1 億美元的基金或 5900萬美元（預計每年 App Store 小型企業計劃的支出）對蘋果來說都不算什麼。因爲 App Store 真正賺錢的來源是那 2%的開發者，而他們佔了 App Store 總收入的95%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，蘋果具體會如何讓開發者繞過自己而實現“應用內購買”，目前還不太清楚這裏面的實際可操作性。畢竟對蘋果來說，App Store 應用內購買和訂閱所獲取的收益實在太大。只需要想想App Store中最暢銷的App有幾個是付費應用，就很容易明白這其中的利益點了。"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.appannie.com\/en\/apps\/ios\/top\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"App Annie"}]},{"type":"text","text":"統計的收入最高的 50 強排行榜中沒有一個是付費應用，SensorTower 的 200強名單中也只有一個付費應用，Minecraft。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"延展閱讀："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/22645070\/apple-app-store-policies-purchases-cut-fees-change-class-action"}]}]}